More than 1,000 unmarked graves discovered along EU migration routes
Bodies also piling up in morgues across continent as countries accused of failing to meet human rights obligations.
Refugees and migrants are being buried in unmarked graves across the European Union at a scale that is unprecedented outside of war.
The Guardian can reveal that at least 1,015 men, women and children who died at the borders of Europe in the past decade were buried before they were identified.
They lie in stark, often blank graves along the borders – rough white stones overgrown with weeds in Sidiro cemetery in Greece; crude wooden crosses on Lampedusa in Italy; in northern France faceless slabs marked simply “Monsieur X”; in Poland and Croatia plaques reading “NN” for name unknown.
On the Spanish island of Gran Canaria, one grave states: “Migrant boat number 4. 25/09/2022.”
The European parliament passed a resolution in 2021 that called for people who die on migration routes to be identified and recognised the need for a coordinated database to collect details of the bodies.
But across European countries the issue remains a legislative void, with no centralised data, nor any uniform process for dealing with the bodies.
Working with forensic scientists from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other researchers, NGOs and pathologists, the Guardian and a consortium of reporters pieced together for the first time the number of migrants and refugees who died in the past decade along the EU’s borders whose names remain unknown. At least 2,162 bodies have still not been identified.
Some of these bodies are piling up in morgues, funeral parlours and even shipping containers across the continent. Visiting 24 cemeteries and working with researchers, the team found more than 1,000 nameless graves.
These, however, are the tip of the iceberg. More than 29,000 people died on European migration routes in this period, the majority of whom remain missing.
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What is the border graves project?
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About the investigation
The Guardian teamed up with Süddeutsche Zeitung and eight reporters from the Border Graves Investigation who received funding from Investigative Journalism for Europe and Journalismfund Europe.
We worked with researchers at the International Committee of the Red Cross who shared exclusively their most up-to-date findings on migrant and refugee deaths registered in Spain, Malta, Greece and Italy between 2014 and 2021.
Other partners included Marijana Hameršak of the European Irregularized Migration Regime at the Periphery of the EU (ERIM) project in Croatia, Grupa Granica and Podlaskie Humanitarian Emergency Service (POPH) in Poland and Sienos Grupė in Lithuania. The journalist Maël Galisson provided data for France.
Reporters and researchers also checked death registers, interviewed prosecutors and spoke to local authorities and morgue directors, as well as visiting two dozen cemeteries to track the number of unidentified migrants and refugees who have died trying to cross into the EU in the past decade and find their graves.
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The problem is “utterly neglected”, according to Europe’s commissioner for human rights, Dunja Mijatović, who has said EU countries are failing in their obligations under international human rights law.
“The tools are there. We have the agencies and the forensic experts, but they need to be engaged [by governments],” she said. The rise of the hard right and a lack of political will were likely to further impede the development of a proper system to address “the tragedy of missing migrants”, she added.
Instead, pockets of work happen at a local level. Pathologists, for example, collect DNA samples and the few personal items found on the bodies. The clues to lives lost are meagre: loose change in foreign currency, prayer beads, a Manchester United souvenir badge.
The lack of coordination leaves bewildered families struggling to navigate localised, often foreign bureaucracy in the search for lost relatives.
Supporting them falls to aid organisations such as the ICRC, which has recorded 16,500 requests since 2013 for information to its programme for restoring family links from people looking for relatives who went missing en route to Europe. The largest number of requests have come from Afghans, Iraqis, Somalians, Guineans and people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea and Syria. Only 285 successful matches have been achieved.
And now even some of this support is about to disappear. As governments cut their aid budgets, the ICRC has been forced to refocus its reduced resources. National Red Cross agencies will continue the family links programme but much of the ICRC’s work training police and local authorities is being cut.
A race against time
The mini set of scissors and comb worn on a chain were unique to 24-year-old Oussama Tayeb, a small talisman that reflected his job as a barber. For his cousin Abdallah, they were the hope that he had been found.
Tayeb set sail last year from the north-west of Algeria just before 8pm on Christmas Day. Onboard with him were 22 neighbours who had clubbed together to pay for the boat they had hoped would take them to Spain.
His family has been searching for him since. Abdallah, who lives in France, fears it is a race against time.
Spanish police introduced a database in 2007 in which data and genetic samples from unidentified remains are meant to be logged. In practice, the system breaks down when it comes to families searching for missing relatives, who have no clear information about how to access it.
The family had provided a DNA sample soon after Tayeb’s disappearance. With no news by February, they travelled to southern Spain for a second time to search for him. At the morgue in Almería, a forensic doctor reacted to Tayeb’s photo, saying he looked familiar. She recalled a necklace, but said the man she was thinking of was believed to have died in a jet ski accident.
“It was a really intense moment because we knew that Oussama was wearing a jet ski lifejacket,” Abdallah said.
Even with the knowledge that Tayeb’s body may have been found, his cousin was unable to see the corpse lying in the morgue without a police officer. Abdallah remembered the shocking callousness with which he was greeted at one of the many police stations he tried. “One policeman told us that if ‘they don’t want to disappear, they shouldn’t have taken a boat to Spain’.”
Looming over Abdallah’s continuing search is a practical pressure mentioned by the Spanish pathologist: bodies in the morgue are usually kept for a year and then buried, whether identified or not. “We only want an answer. If we see the chain, this would be like a death certificate. It’s so heartbreaking. It’s like we’re leaving Oussama in the fridge and we can’t do anything about it,” he said.
‘Here lies a brother who lost his life’
The local authorities that receive the most bodies are often on small islands and are increasingly saying they cannot cope.
They warn that an already inadequate system is going backwards. Spain’s Canary Islands have reported a record 35,410 men, women and children reaching the archipelago by boat this year. In recent months, most of these vessels have sought to land on the tiny, remote island of El Hierro. In the past six weeks alone, seven unidentified people were buried on the island.
The burial vaults of 15 unidentified people who were found dead on a rickety wooden vessel in 2020, in the town of Agüimes on Gran Canaria, bear identical plaques that read simply: “Here lies a brother who lost his life trying to reach our shores.”
In the Muslim section of Lanzarote’s Teguise cemetery, the graves of children are marked with circles of stones. They include the grave of a baby believed to have been stillborn on a deadly crossing from Morocco in 2020. Alhassane Bangoura’s body was separated from his mother during the rescue and was buried in an unmarked grave. His name is only recorded informally, engraved on a bowl by locals moved by his plight.
It is the same story in the other countries at the edge of the EU; unmarked graves dotted along their frontiers standing testament to the crisis. Along the land borders, in Croatia, Poland, Lithuania, the numbers of unmarked graves are fewer but still they are there, blank stones or sometimes an NN marked on plaques.
In France, the anonymous inscription “X” stands out in cemeteries in Calais. The numbers seem low compared with those found along the southern coastal borders: 35 out of 242 migrants and refugees who died on the Franco-British border since 2014 remain unidentified. The high proportion of the dead identified reflects the fact that people spend time waiting before attempting the Channel crossing so there are often contacts still in France able to name those who die.
Fragments of hope
Leaked footage of Polish border guards laughing at a young man hanging upside down, trapped by his foot, stuck in the razor wire on the top of the 180km (110-mile) steel border fence separating Belarus from Poland caused a brief social media storm.
But the moment he is caught in the searchlights, his frightened face briefly frozen, has haunted 50-year-old Kafya Rachid for the past year. She is sure the man is her missing child, Mohammed Sabah, who was 22 when she last saw him alive.
Sabah had flown from his home in Iraqi Kurdistan in the autumn of 2021 to Belarus, for which he had a visa. He was successfully taken across the EU border by smugglers but was detained about 50km (30 miles) into Poland and deported back to Belarus.
Waiting to cross again, his messages suddenly stopped. The family had been coming to terms with the fact he was probably dead. Then the video surfaced. With little else to go on, fragments such as this give families hope.
Sabah’s parents, as so often happens, were unable to get visas to travel to the EU. Instead, Rekaut Rachid, an uncle of Sabah who has lived in London since 1999, has made three trips to Poland to try to find him.
Rachid believes the Polish authorities lied to him when they told him the man in the video was Egyptian, and this keeps him searching. “They are hiding something. Five per cent of me thinks maybe he died. But 95% of me thinks he is in prison somewhere in Poland,” he said, adding: “My sister calls every day to ask if I think he is still alive. I don’t know how to answer.”
Shipping container morgues
In a corner of the hospital car park in the Greek city of Alexandroupolis, two battered refrigerated shipping containers stand next to some rubbish bins. Inside are the bodies of 40 people.
The border from Turkey into Greece over the Evros River nearby is only a 10- to 20-minute crossing, but people cross at night when their small rubber boats can easily hit a tree and capsize. Corpses decompose quickly in the riverbed mud, so that facial characteristics, clothing and any documents that might help identify them are rapidly destroyed.
Twenty of the corpses in the containers are the charred remains of migrants who died in wildfires that consumed this part of Greece during the summer’s heatwave. Identification has proved exceptionally difficult, with only four of the dead named to date.
Prof Pavlos Pavlidis, the forensic pathologist for the area, works to determine the cause of death, to collect DNA samples and to catalogue any personal effects that might help relatives identify their loved ones at a later date.
The temporary container morgues in Alexandroupolis are on loan from the ICRC. The humanitarian agency has loaned another container to the island of Lesbos, another migration hotspot, for the same purpose.
Lampedusa does not have that luxury. “There are no morgues and no refrigerated units,” said Salvatore Vella, the Sicilian head prosecutor who leads investigations into shipwrecks off its coast. “Once placed in body bags, the bodies of migrants are transferred to Sicily. Burial is managed by individual towns. It has happened that migrants have sometimes been buried in sort of mass graves within cemeteries.”
The scale of the problem was becoming so acute, said Filippo Furri, an anthropologist and an associate researcher at Mecmi, a group that examines deaths during migration, that “there have been cases of coffins abandoned in cemetery warehouses due to lack of space, or bodies that remain in hospital morgues”.
‘It’s not only a technical difficulty but also a political one’
“If you count the relatives of those who are missing, hundreds of thousands of people are impacted. They don’t know where their loved ones are. Were they well treated, were they respected when they were buried? That’s what preys on families’ minds,” said Laurel Clegg, the ICRC forensic coordinator for migration in Europe. “We have an obligation to provide the dead with a dignified burial; and [to address] the other side, providing answers to families through identification of the dead.”
She said keeping track of the dead relied on lots of parts working well together: a legal framework that protected the unidentified dead, consistent postmortems, morgues, registries, dignified transport and cemeteries.
The systems are inadequate, however, despite the EU parliament resolution. There are still no common rules about what information should be collected, nor a centralised place to store this information. The political focus is on catching the smugglers rather than finding out who their victims are.
A spokesperson for the European Commission said the rights and dignity of refugees and migrants had to be addressed alongside tackling people smuggling. They said each member state was responsible individually for how it dealt with those who died on its borders, but that the commission was working to improve coordination and protocols and “regrets the loss of every human life” .
In Italy, significant efforts have been made to identify the dead from a couple of well-reported, large-scale disasters. Cristina Cattaneo, the head of the laboratory of forensic anthropology and odontology (Labanof) at the University of Milan, has spent years working to identify the dead from a shipwreck in 2015 in which more than 1,000 people lost their lives.
Raising the wreck to retrieve the bodies has cost €9.5m (£8.1m) already. Organising the 30,000 mixed bones into identifiable remains of 528 bodies has been a herculean task. Only six victims have so far been issued official death certificates.
As political positions on irregular migration have hardened, experts are finding official enthusiasm for their complex work has diminished. “It’s not only a technical difficulty but also a political one,” Cattaneo said.
In Sicily, Vella has been investigating a fishing boat that sank in October 2019. It was carrying 49 people, mostly from Tunisia. Just a few miles off shore, a group onboard filmed themselves celebrating their imminent arrival in Europe before the boat ran out of fuel and capsized. The Italian coastguard rescued 22 people but 27 others lost their lives.
Coastguard divers, using robots, captured images of bodies floating near the vessel, but were unable to recover all of them. The footage circulated around the world. A group of Tunisian women who had been searching for their sons contacted the Italian authorities and were given permits to travel to meet the prosecutor, who showed them more footage.
One mother, Zakia Hamidi, recognised her 18-year-old son, Fheker. It was a searing experience for both her and Vella: “At that moment, I realised the difference between a mother, torn apart by grief, but who at least will return home with her child’s body, and those mothers who will not have a body to mourn. It is something heartbreaking.”
The torture of not knowing
The grief that people feel when they have no certainty about the fate of their missing relatives has a very particular intensity.
Dr Pauline Boss, professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Minnesota in the US, was the first to describe this “ambiguous loss”. “You are stuck, immobilised, you feel guilty if you begin again because that would mean accepting the person is dead. Grieving is frozen, your decision-making is frozen, you can’t work out the facts, can’t answer the questions,” she said.
Not knowing often has severe practical consequences too. Spouses may not be able to exercise their parental rights, inherit assets or claim welfare support or pensions without a death certificate. Orphans cannot be adopted by extended family without one either.
Sometimes relatives are left in the dark for years. A decade on from a shipwreck disaster in 2013, bereaved families continue to gather in Lampedusa every year, still searching for answers. Among them this year was a Syrian woman, Sabah al-Joury, whose son Abdulqader was on the boat. She said that not knowing where he ended up was like having “an open wound”.
Sabah’s family said the torture of not being able to find out what happened to him was “like dying everyday”. Abdallah thinks he must make another trip from Paris to southern Spain before the end of the year. “What is difficult is not to have the body, not to be able to bury him,” he said.
Rituals around death were indicative of a deep human need, said Boss. “The most important thing is for the name to be marked somewhere, so the family can visit, and the missing can be remembered. A name means you were on this Earth, not forgotten.”
▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2023/dec/08/revealed-more-than-1000-unmarked-graves-discovered-along-eu-migration-r
#migrations #asile #réfugiés #frontières #mourir_aux_frontières #tombes #fosses_communes #Europe #morts_aux_frontières #enterrement #cimetières #morgues #chiffres
]]>"Wie ein zweiter Tod"
Am griechisch-türkischen Grenzfluss Evros enden Versuche, in die EU zu gelangen, immer wieder mit dem Tod. Die Verstorbenen werden oft spät gefunden und bleiben namenlos - ein Trauma für die Angehörigen.
Am 17. Oktober 2022 überquert die 22-jährige Suhur den Evros, den Grenzfluss zwischen der Türkei und Griechenland. Ein Schlepper verspricht der Frau aus Somalia, sie bis nach Thessaloniki zu bringen. Auf der griechischen Seite angekommen, geht es schnell weiter durch einen Wald.
Doch Suhur hat starke Bauchschmerzen, nach einigen Kilometern kann sie nicht mehr weiterlaufen. Die anderen aus der Gruppe lassen sie alleine zurück, ihre Freundin verspricht Hilfe zu suchen. Doch dazu dazu kommt es nicht. Tage später findet die Polizei ihre Leiche.
Es ist Suhurs Onkel Fahti, der ihre Geschichte erzählt, nachdem er ihre Leiche im Universitätskrankenhaus in Alexandroupoli identifiziert hat.
Engmaschige Kontrollen entlang des Ufers
Suhur ist eine von vielen Menschen, die versuchen, über den Evros zu gelangen, um Europa zu erreichen. Der Fluss markiert eine Außengrenze der Europäischen Union. Entlang der griechischen Uferseite allerdings wird engmaschig kontrolliert, regelmäßig sind unterschiedliche Polizeieinheiten in der Gegend unterwegs.
In der Grenzzone selbst ist der Zutritt streng verboten, nur mit Sondererlaubnis darf man in die Nähe des Flusses gehen. Seit 2020 wird ein Grenzzaun errichtet, 38 Kilometer ist er bereits lang, er soll Migranten von einem illegalen Übertritt abhalten.
Weiterhin traurige Rekorde
Doch offenbar verfehlen die Maßnahmen ihre erwünschte Wirkung. So erreichten allein im Jahr 2022 laut UNHCR 6022 Flüchtlinge über den Landweg Griechenland, das sind ähnlich hohe Zahlen wie vor der Verschärfung der Kontrollen.
Einen traurigen Rekord stellt die Zahl der Toten auf, die gefunden werden. Mindestens 63 Menschen sind nach offiziellen Angaben auf der Flucht gestorben, die tatsächlichen Zahlen dürften noch deutlich höher liegen.
▻https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/sendung/tagesthemen/video-1153371.html
Ein Rechtsmediziner zählt die Toten
In Alexandroupoli, auf griechischer Seite, arbeitet Pavlos Pavlidis als Rechtsmediziner der Region. Jeder am Evros gefundene tote Flüchtling wird von ihm obduziert.
Pavlidis führt Protokoll über die Anzahl der Toten am Evros. Auch der tote Körper der Somalierin Suhur wurde ihm aus einem Waldstück nahe des Flusses gebracht.
Aus London angereist, um die Nichte zu identifizieren
Nun sitzt ihr Onkel Fahti auf einem Sofa in seinem Büro. Sie sei eine wunderschöne Frau gewesen, sagt er. Fathi ist aus London angereist, um seine Nichte zu identifizieren.
Die Freundin von Suhur, so erzählt es Fathi, habe sich der griechischen Polizei gestellt, um sie zu der schwer erkrankten Suhur zu führen. Doch die Polizei habe nicht nach ihr gesucht, und die Freundin sofort zurück in die Türkei abgeschoben.
Verifizieren lässt sich diese Version der Geschehnisse nicht mehr. Die „Push-Back“-Praxis, das Abschieben von Migranten ohne Verfahren, wurde offiziell nie von der griechischen Regierung bestätigt.Trotzdem gibt es viele ähnliche Berichte von Betroffenen.
Rechtsmediziner Pavlidis hat Suhurs toten Körper obduziert und kommt zu dem Ergebnis: Die junge Frau habe auf der Flucht einen Magendurchbruch erlitten, voraussichtlich hervorgerufen durch großen Stress. Am Ende sei sie an einer Sepsis gestorben. Durch Erschöpfung hervorgerufene Krankheiten seien eine häufige Todesursache am Evros, die häufigste aber Ertrinken im Fluss.
Viel Flüchtlinge können kaum schwimmen
Pavlidis sagt, die Verantwortung für die vielen Toten trügen zunächst die Schlepper, die die Schlauchboote völlig überladen, so, dass sie schnell kenterten. Viele Flüchtlinge könnten kaum schwimmen, so werde der Fluss zur Gefahr für ihr Leben.
Die Flüchtlinge selbst unterschätzen offenbar die Gefährlichkeit der Überfahrt. Aber auch die strenge Abschirmung der Grenze bedeutet für sie eine Gefahr. Um den Grenzschützern auszuweichen, schlagen sie immer gefährlichere Routen ein.
Wer aufgegriffen wird, muss Angst haben, abgeschoben zu werden. Verletzt sich einer aus der Gruppe, muss dieser damit rechnen, alleine zurückgelassen zu werden. Denn Hilfe zu holen, würde für alle bedeuten, dass ihre teuer bezahlte Flucht erst einmal gestoppt ist.
Aktuell 52 ungeklärte Todesfälle
Immer wieder findet die Polizei Tote also auch in den bewaldeten Bergen entlang des Flusses. Die Leichen sind schon nach wenigen Tagen kaum noch zu identifizieren. Pavlidis versucht es trotzdem, sucht nach Todesursache und Todeszeitpunkt und nach Antworten auf die Frage, wer ist dieser Mensch war.
Aktuell erzählt Pavlidis von 52 ungeklärten Fällen. Hinter jedem einzelnen stünden Angehörige, die diese Menschen vermissten. Die Identität zu verlieren, sei wie ein zweiter Tod, sagt der Rechtsmediziner.
Etwa 200 Grabsteine erinnern an die namenlosen Toten
Um den namenlosen Toten eine letzte Ruhestätte zu geben, entstand in dem in den Bergen, nahe der Gemeinde Sidiro, ein Friedhof, der ihnen gewidmet ist. Etwa 200 Grabsteine stehen hier auf einer leichten Anhöhe. Auf den Platten stehen Nummern. Pavlidis führt eine Liste mit den entsprechenden Nummern in seinem Büro.
Falls doch irgendwann ein Angehöriger zu ihm käme und mit Hilfe einer DNA-Probe einen Toten identifiziere, könne der auf dem Friedhof der Namenlosen ausgegraben und umgebettet werden.
Im Fall der Somalierin Suhur ist Pavlidis eine Identifizierung gelungen. Ihr Onkel Fathi lebte wochenlang mit der Ungewissheit, was seiner Nichte geschehen sein könnte.
Nachdem er bei der griechischen Polizei eine Suchanzeige abgegeben hat, lebt er nun mit der brutalen Gewissheit, dass Suhur gestorben ist. Wenigstens habe er nun Klarheit, sagt er, so dass seine Familie und er nun von Suhur Abschied nehmen könnten.
▻https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/audio/audio-154699.html
▻https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/eu-aussengrenze-migration-101.html
#frontières #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières #Evros #fleuve #Turquie #Grèce #Pavlos_Pavlidis #cimetière #migrations #asile #réfugiés #identification #murs #barrières_frontalières
]]>At the Evros border, the bodies mount up
Migrants continue to risk their lives trying to cross the Evros River separating Turkey and Greece. Many of them die in the attempt to enter the EU – last year more bodies than ever were recovered, a documentary film by the German broadcaster ARD has revealed.
Along the Evros river, at the border between Greece and Turkey, a 5-meter-high steel wall has been increasing in length since construction began in 2020. The barrier, designed to keep migrants out of the EU, is now at least 38 kilometers long. But thousands of people continue to risk their lives attempting to cross into Greece. It’s not known exactly how many die in the process, but on the Greek side of the river alone, more than 60 people lost their lives last year.
Identifying the dead remains a difficult challenge, according to forensic pathologist Pavlos Pavlidis, whose job is to conduct autopsies on the bodies found in the water and surrounding forest. Most of the dead do not carry any form of ID. In an interview in October 2021, Pavlidis told InfoMigrants how the deceased body is altered by being in the water for a long time.
More bodies than ever
More than a year later, the pathologist is still carrying out autopsies – in a recent short documentary shown on Germany’s state broadcaster ARD, he said that over the past 22 years he had seen around 600 bodies on the Greek side alone. He assumes that there is roughly the same number on the Turkish side. “So we’re talking about 1,200 to 1,500 people, but we receive a lot more search requests than that from relatives.”
The bodies are often recovered from the forest by the local undertakers. ARD films two of them, one armed with a simple shovel, finding what looks like a blanket and human remains in a shallow grave, possibly dug by other migrants. “Didn’t he have any shoes?,” one of the men asks as they wrap the partly decomposed remains in plastic. “No, the other migrants often take them,” the other replies.
The chief undertaker tells ARD that recovering dead bodies from the border makes up a large part of his work. On one occasion he brought 35 of them to the morgue after they drowned in the Evros.
If it is possible to identify the dead, he says that the families often come from Europe to pay their last respects. “It’s very hard, they’re all crying,” he explains. “Can you imagine, they travel so far to either pick up the body of a dead relative or to bury them here.” Sometimes, he takes the bodies of migrants to Turkey to be transported home from there.
Some families cannot afford to have the body of their loved one repatriated, so the migrants are buried in a local Greek cemetery for Muslims. Their names and their countries of origin – Somalia, Afghanistan, Syria – are inscribed on their graves. There are people of all ages and it appears that a lot of the graves are fresh.
But many more bodies are simply never identified, leaving family members in limbo. These are buried in a graveyard for unidentified migrants, their tombstones marked only with numbers.
’It would be better than not knowing’
In the Germany city of Hanover, Kurdish refugee Sivar Qassim is living with this horrible uncertainty. Qassim fled to Germany in 2015 after war broke out in Syria. The rest of his family escaped to Iraq, along with his younger brother, Mohammed.
“He was very good in school, and we wanted to offer him a better life. That was also what I wanted,” Qassim told ARD. “I have a lot of friends but still it’s nothing like being brothers. No matter who you’re friends with, family is always number one. I was really looking forward to him coming, but…” Qassim doesn’t continue.
Life was difficult for the family in Iraq, so in Autumn, 2021, they decided to send 14-year-old Mohammed to Germany, via the Evros route: “just like everyone else, with a people smuggler […] and illegally, because it’s not possible to do it legally. We didn’t have any documents in Syria anyway,” his older brother explains.
In October 2021 a call came from the people smugglers. “They said that something had happened and that Mohammed had fallen into the water. They said they waited but couldn’t find him. That was a lie. We found out that they hadn’t waited and simply carried on. They were frightened because what they were doing was illegal.”
From Germany, a desperate Qassim flew to Greece to look for his brother, but despite having his DNA registered, he found nothing. He had even sent a photo of Mohammed to Pavlos Pavlidis, the pathologist. But Pavlidis says he would have remembered a child of that age.
Back at home Qassim also looks for his brother on Facebook and search platforms for missing migrants, but in vain. He says he would almost prefer to hear that Mohammed’s body had been found. “Of course it wouldn’t be easy but it would be better than not knowing. If we knew that he had died and could bury him then it would be clear, it is something we’d have to accept, but this uncertainty, I find that really, really awful.”
▻https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/48783/at-the-evros-border-the-bodies-mount-up
#Evros #Thrace #migrations #asile #réfugiés #frontières #morts_aux_frontières #décès #mourir_aux_frontières #Grèce #Turquie #identification #cimetière #Pavlos_Pavlidis
]]>La frontière de l’Evros, un no man’s land grec ultra-militarisé où « personne n’a accès aux migrants »
Échaudée par l’afflux de milliers de migrants venus de Turquie via la rivière Evros à l’extrême est du pays en mars 2020, la Grèce a hautement militarisé la zone. Des exilés continuent toutefois de traverser cette frontière greco-turque sous contrôle exclusif de l’armée. Ils ne reçoivent l’aide d’aucune ONG, d’aucun habitant, interdits dans la zone.
C’est une rivière inapprochable à l’extrême pointe de l’Union européenne. Les 500 kilomètres de cours d’eau de l’Evros, frontière naturelle qui sépare la Grèce de la Turquie sur le continent, sont, depuis des années, sous contrôle exclusif de l’armée grecque.
En longeant la frontière, la zone est déserte et fortement boisée. Des ronces, des buissons touffus, des arbres empêchent le tout-venant de s’approcher du secteur militarisé et du cours d’eau. « Il y a des caméras partout. Faites attention, ne vous avancez pas trop », prévient Tzamalidis Stavros, le chef du village de Kastanies, dans le nord du pays, en marchant le long d’une voie ferrée - en activité - pour nous montrer la frontière. Au loin, à environ deux kilomètres de là, des barbelés se dessinent. Malgré la distance, Tzamilidis Stavros reste vigilant. « Ils ont un équipement ultra-moderne. Ils vont nous repérer très vite ».
Cette zone interdite d’accès n’est pourtant pas désertée par les migrants. Depuis de nombreuses années, les populations sur la route de l’exil traversent l’Evros depuis les rives turques pour entrer en Union européenne. Mais la crise migratoire de mars 2020, pendant laquelle des dizaines de milliers de migrants sont arrivés en Grèce via Kastanies après l’ouverture des frontières turques, a tout aggravé.
En un an, la Grèce - et l’UE - ont investi des millions d’euros pour construire une forteresse frontalière : des murs de barbelés ont vu le jour le long de la rivière, des canons sonores ont été mis en place, des équipements militaires ultra-performants (drones, caméras…). Tout pour empêcher un nouvel afflux de migrants par l’Evros.
« Nous avons aujourd’hui 850 militaires le long de l’Evros », déclare un garde-frontière de la région, en poste dans le village de Tychero. « Frontex est présent avec nous. Les barbelés posés récemment
nous aident énormément ».
« Black-out »
Ces installations ont contribué à faire baisser le nombre de passages. « A Kastanies, avant, il y avait au moins cinq personnes par jour qui traversaient la frontière. Aujourd’hui, c’est fini. Presque plus personne ne passe », affirme le chef du village qui se dit « soulagé ». « La clôture a tout arrêté ». Mais à d’autres endroits, « là où il y a moins de patrouilles, moins de surveillance, moins de barbelés », des migrants continuent de passer, selon l’association Border violence, qui surveille les mouvements aux frontières européennes.
Combien sont-ils ? La réponse semble impossible à obtenir. Les médias sont tenus à l’écart, le ministère des Affaires étrangères grec évoquant des raisons de « sécurité nationale ». Les autorités grecques ne communiquent pas, les garde-frontières déployés dans la région restent flous et renvoient la balle à leurs supérieurs hiérarchiques, et les associations sont absentes de la zone.
C’est ce « black-out » de la zone qui inquiète les ONG. « Des migrants arrivent à venir jusqu’à Thessalonique et ils nous racontent leur traversée. Mais il faut 25 jours à pied depuis l’Evros jusqu’ici. Nous avons donc les infos avec trois semaines de retard », explique une militante de Border Violence, à Thessalonique.
Les migrants arrêtés par les garde-frontières grecs dans la zone ne peuvent pas non plus témoigner des conditions de leur interpellation. Ils sont directement transférés dans le hotspot de Fylakio, le seul camp de la région situé à quelques km de la Turquie. Entouré de barbelés, Fylakio fait partie des sept centres fermés du pays où les migrants ne peuvent pas sortir. Et où les médias ne peuvent pas entrer.
« J’ai traversé l’Evros il y a un mois et demi et je suis bloqué ici depuis », nous crie un jeune Syrien de 14 ans depuis le camp. « On a passé 9 jours dans la région d’Evros et nous avons été arrêtés avec un groupe de mon village, nous venons de Deir-Ezzor ». Nous n’en saurons pas plus, un militaire s’approche.
Des milliers de pushbacks, selon les associations
La principale préoccupation des associations comme Border violence – mais aussi du Haut commissariat de l’ONU aux réfugiés (HCR) – restent de savoir si les droits fondamentaux des demandeurs d’asile sont respectés à la frontière de l’Evros. « Là-bas, personne n’a accès aux migrants. La politique frontalière est devenue complètement dingue ! Nous, les militants, nous n’allons même pas dans la région ! On a peur d’être arrêté et mis en prison ».
La semaine dernière, le ministre des Migrations, Notis Mtarakis a officiellement rejeté l’instauration d’un « mécanisme de surveillance » à ses frontières, réclamé par l’ONU et la Commission européenne, déclarant que cela « portait atteinte à la souveraineté du pays ».
Margaritis Petritzikis, à la tête du HCR dans le hotspot de Fylakio, reconnaît que ce qu’il se passe dans l’Evros est opaque. « La frontière doit être mieux surveillée », explique-t-il, en faisant référence à demi mot aux pushbacks, ces renvois illégaux entre deux Etats voisins.
Si les autorités grecques nient les pratiquer, ces pushbacks seraient nombreux et réguliers dans cette partie du pays. « Evidemment, qu’il y a des renvois vers la Turquie », assure un ancien policier à la retraite sous couvert d’anonymat qui nous reçoit dans sa maison à moins de 5 km de la Turquie. « J’ai moi-même conduit pendant des années des bateaux pour ramener des migrants vers la Turquie à la tombée de la nuit ».
Selon Border violence, environ 4 000 personnes ont été refoulées illégalement depuis le début de l’année. « Il y en a certainement beaucoup plus, mais de nombreuses personnes ne parlent pas. Elles ont peur ».
38 morts dans l’Evros depuis le début de l’année
Au-delà des refoulements illégaux, la question des violences inquiète les associations. Selon le New York Times, des centres de détention secrets, appelés « black sites », seraient présents dans la région. Sans observateurs extérieurs, la zone suscite énormément de fantasmes. « Des migrants nous ont parlé de tortures dans ces centres cachés en Grèce, de chocs électriques, de simulacres de noyades. Nous ne pouvons pas vérifier », continue la militante de Border violence.
Et comment recenser les victimes, celles et ceux qui se sont noyés en tentant la traversée ? Sans accès à la zone, « nous ne pouvons même pas parler de morts mais de personnes disparues », déplore-t-elle. « Nous considérons qu’au bout d’un mois sans nouvelles d’un migrant dans la zone, celui-ci est présumé décédé ».
Selon Pavlos Pavlidis, un des médecins-légistes de l’hôpital d’Alexandropoulis, le chef-lieu de la région, déjà 38 personnes sont mortes cette année.
« Beaucoup se sont noyés dans l’Evros, d’autres sont morts d’hypothermie. Surtout l’hiver. Ils traversent la rivière, ils sont trempés. Personne n’est là pour les aider, alors ils meurent de froid. Leurs corps sont parfois trouvés 20 jours plus tard par la police et amenés à l’hôpital », explique-t-il.
Y a-t-il des victimes non recensées ? « Peut-être », répond-t-il. Mais sans maraudes, impossible de surveiller la zone et de venir en aide à des blessés potentiels. « C’est triste de mourir ainsi », conclut-il, « loin des siens et loin de tout ».
▻https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/35496/la-frontiere-de-levros-un-no-mans-land-grec-ultramilitarise-ou-personn
#Evros #région_de_l'Evros #migrations #asile #réfugiés #frontières #militarisation_des_frontières
#décès #morts #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières #statistiques #chiffres #2021
#push-backs #refoulements #Pavlos_Pavlidis #Turquie #Grèce
#murs #barbelés #barrières_frontalières #Kastanies #clôture #surveillance #fermeture_des_frontières #Fylakio #black_sites #torture
C’est comme un déjà-vu pour moi... une répétition de ce qui se passait en 2012, quand j’étais sur place avec Alberto...
Dans la région de l’Evros, un mur inutile sur la frontière greco-turque (2/4)
►https://visionscarto.net/evros-mur-inutile
08/07: 19 travellers at Turkish-Greek landborder, pushed-back to Turkey
Watch The Med Alarm Phone Investigations – 8th of July 2018
Case name: 2018_07_08-AEG406
Situation: 19 travellers at Turkish-Greek landborder, pushed-back to Turkey
Status of WTM Investigation: Concluded
Place of Incident: Aegean Sea
Summary of the Case:
On Sunday, 8th of July, at 11:14pm CEST, we were alerted to a group of travellers stuck near #Tichero, Greece, close to the Turkish landborder. The group consisted of 19 people, among them a 1-year-old child, a pregnant lady and a man that had a broken leg. At 12:11pm we managed to establish contact to the travellers. They were afraid of being pushed-back to Turkey by the police and asked for medical aid and the possibility to seek asylum in Greece. We asked them for a list of their names and birth dates in order to alert UNHCR. At 1:02am we received the list. We couldn’t get back in contact until 1:47am. The group decided not to move further and to wait until the morning for the UNHCR office to open so they could call there.
At 8:30am we called UNHCR and asked for assistance. At 8:45am we also called the local police station but the operator refused to speak to us in English. We told the group to call 112 themselves for assistance. Until 9:30am we couldn’t reach any local police station. At 9:50am we sent an email to the local authorities and UNHCR to inform them about the people. Afterwards we continuously tried again to get in touch with the authorities and the group, but couldn’t establish a connection any more. At 2pm we reached the police in Alexandropolis. They informed us that they were searching since one hour but hadn’t found the travellers. During the afternoon, we couldn’t get any news and didn’t reach the travellers anymore. At 6:53pm the police informed us that they had not found the group yet. The next day at 11:02am we were informed by a contact person that the group had been found and that they had been allegedly violently pushed-back to Turkey. At 12:45am we managed to reach the group itself. They told us that the police had found them at 5:00pm the day before and put them in „a prison“. At 10:00pm the police had told the group that they were being moved to a camp to apply for international protection. However, the police instead brought them back to the river and handed them to officers discribed as „military“, who forced them onto a boat and across Evros border river back to Turkey. The police officers before had confiscated personal belongings of the refugees, including mobile phones, money, passports and the food for the baby.
▻http://watchthemed.net/reports/view/943
#Evros #Grèce #frontières #Turquie #push-back #refoulement #asile #migrations #réfugiés
]]>On the edge of the EU, refugee flows flood the Evros River
A clampdown on Europe’s eastern borders and the Aegean Sea has forced migrants to seek different — and more dangerous — routes to the continent. Hunters and fishermen find their bodies, reports Anthee Carassava.
▻http://www.dw.com/en/on-the-edge-of-the-eu-refugee-flows-flood-the-evros-river/a-43068842?maca=en-Twitter-sharing
#Evros #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Grèce #frontières #Pavlos_Pavlidis #mourir_aux_frontières #morts #décès
El cementerio de los migrantes sin nombre
Lesbos improvisa un camposanto para los cientos de migrantes ahogados en naufragios
▻http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2016/03/25/actualidad/1458932541_917623.html?id_externo_rsoc=TW_CC
#cimetière #fosse_commune #asile #migrations #réfugiés #mourir_dans_la_Forteresse_Europe #corps #cadavres #Lesbos #Grèce
RTS, Détours | Ces anonymes qui rendent #hommage aux migrants
Des milliers de migrants clandestins ont perdu la vie en Méditerranée. Les naufrages se succèdent et se résument à des chiffres vite recouverts par d’autres informations.
Premier épisode
Avec Saida Zha aux pompes funèbres de Los Barrios en Andalousie, Ildefonso Sena, journaliste à Tarifa, Efi Latsoudi, fondatrice de l’association d’aide aux migrants « Le village de tous » à #Mytilène en #Grèce, et Lino Tumbiolo, responsable d’une des principales coopératives de pêche en haute mer à #Mazara_del_Vallo en #Sicile.
Deuxième épisode
Avec Domenico Asaro, dit Mimmo, pêcheur à Mazara del Vallo en Sicile, Roberto Ingarciola, armateur capitaine, Christos Manolelis, agent administratif et pêcheur amateur sur l’île de #Lesbos, et #Pavlos_Pavlidis, médecin légiste à #Alexandroupolis, en #Grèce.
Troisième épisode
Avec Mehmet Serif Damatoglou, imam de #Sidero près de la frontière gréco-turque, Marili Stroux, membre du collectif « Welcome To Europe » près de #Thermi, Annalisa D’Ancona, Gianpiero Caldarella, Giacomo Sferlazzo et Luca Vitale à #Lampedusa où le collectif #Askavusa – « Pieds nus » en sicilien – a créé le Porto M, un musée autogéré dédié aux migrants.
▻http://www.asile.ch/vivre-ensemble/2015/05/09/rts-detours-ces-anonymes-qui-rendent-hommage-aux-migrants
#cadavres #tombes #mourir_en_mer #asile #réfugiés #Méditerranée #solidarité #enterrement #Grèce #Italie #Espagne