person:mark zuckerberg

Will California’s New Bot Law Strengthen Democracy ? | The New Yorker
▻https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/will-californias-new-bot-law-strengthen-democracy

https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5d1b835198c69100080e4716/16:9/w_1200,h_630,c_limit/Cohen-Bots.jpg

Une loi très intéressante en Californie qui va entrer en vigueur aujourd’hui. On va voir comment cela se passe pour la déclaration du caractère robotique d’un compte Twitter ou Facebook...

California is the first state to try to reduce the power of bots by requiring that they reveal their “artificial identity” when they are used to sell a product or influence a voter.Photograph by Emma Innocenti / Getty
When you ask experts how bots influence politics—that is, what specifically these bits of computer code that purport to be human can accomplish during an election—they will give you a list: bots can smear the opposition through personal attacks; they can exaggerate voters’ fears and anger by repeating short simple slogans; they can overstate popularity; they can derail conversations and draw attention to symbolic and ultimately meaningless ideas; they can spread false narratives. In other words, they are an especially useful tool, considering how politics is played today.

On July 1st, California became the first state in the nation to try to reduce the power of bots by requiring that they reveal their “artificial identity” when they are used to sell a product or influence a voter. Violators could face fines under state statutes related to unfair competition. Just as pharmaceutical companies must disclose that the happy people who say a new drug has miraculously improved their lives are paid actors, bots in California—or rather, the people who deploy them—will have to level with their audience.

We are in new terrain, where the microtargeting of audiences on social networks, the perception of false news stories as genuine, and the bot-led amplification of some voices and drowning-out of others have combined to create angry, ill-informed online communities that are suspicious of one another and of the government.

Regulating bots should be low-hanging fruit when it comes to improving the Internet. The California law doesn’t even ban them outright but, rather, insists that they identify themselves in a manner that is “clear, conspicuous, and reasonably designed.”

The point where economic self-interest stops and libertarian ideology begins can be hard to identify. Mark Zuckerberg, of Facebook, speaking at the Aspen Ideas Festival last week, appealed to personal freedom to defend his platform’s decision to allow the microtargeting of false, incendiary information. “I do not think we want to go so far towards saying that a private company prevents you from saying something that it thinks is factually incorrect,” he said. “That to me just feels like it’s too far and goes away from the tradition of free expression.”

In the 2016 Presidential campaign, bots were created to support both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, but pro-Trump bots outnumbered pro-Clinton ones five to one, by one estimate, and many were dispatched by Russian intermediaries. Twitter told a Senate committee that, in the run-up to the 2016 election, fifty thousand bots that it concluded had Russian ties retweeted Trump’s tweets nearly half a million times, which represented 4.25 per cent of all his retweets, roughly ten times the level of Russian bot retweets supporting Clinton.

Bots also gave Trump victories in quick online polls asking who had won a Presidential debate; they disrupted discussions of Trump’s misdeeds or crude statements; and they relentlessly pushed dubious policy proposals through hashtags like #draintheswamp.

They have also aided Trump during his Presidency. Suspected bots created by unidentified users drove an estimated forty to sixty per cent of the Twitter discussion of a “caravan” of Central American migrants headed to the U.S., which was pushed by the President and his supporters prior to the 2018 midterm elections. Trump himself has retweeted accounts that praise him and his Presidency, and which appear to be bots. And last week a suspected bot network was discovered to be smearing Senator Kamala Harris, of California, with a form of “birtherism” after her strong showing in the first round of Democratic-primary debates.

Hertzberg, the state senator who authored the legislation, told me that he was glad that the changes to the bill before passage were related to the implementation of the law, rather than to its central purpose of requiring that bots reveal themselves to the public when used politically or commercially. A lawyer by training, Hertzberg said that he resented the accusation that he didn’t care about First Amendment concerns. “There is no effort in this bill to have a chilling effect on speech—zero,” he said. “The argument you go back to is, Do bots have free speech? People have free speech. Bots are not people.”

#régulation #Robots #Californie

Facebook may be ’pivoting’ to something worse - BBC News
▻https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-48835250?SThisFB

Over the past few months, Mark Zuckerberg has spoken at length about his grand plan for fixing Facebook.

In short, it involves “pivoting” - as they say - to a more private social network. One which focuses on closed spaces, like groups or messaging, rather than the public News Feed.

He unveiled this plan in March, a year after the Cambridge Analytica scandal hit.

At the time, I noted that critics were concerned that the shift would mean Facebook was abdicating some of its responsibilities. Making Facebook more private would arguably not remove the problems of abuse - though it would make it harder for outsiders to find instances of Facebook’s failures.

Recent stories have demonstrated that concern was perhaps justified.
[…]
Groups have, of course, been a feature on Facebook since the early days. But never before have they had such prominence.
Facebook, as directed by its leader, is aggressively pushing users to use groups more often. There’s an advertising campaign - which includes hand-painted murals - and a new button placed front and centre in its mobile app. Private is the new public.
“_This vision could backfire terribly,” warned French journalism professor, Frederick Pilloux, in 2018. “An increase in the weight of ’groups’ means reinforcement of Facebook’s worst features -  cognitive bubbles -  where users are kept in silos fueled by a torrent of fake news and extremism.”

Make no mistake: few, if any, of the problems Facebook is “working hard” on at the moment would have come to light were it not for external pressure from journalists, lawmakers, academics and civil rights groups.

The examples I’ve raised here pose a question: is Facebook fixing itself, or merely making it harder for us to see it’s broken?

Silicon Valley Came to Kansas Schools. That Started a Rebellion. - The New York Times
►https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/technology/silicon-valley-kansas-schools.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/13/us/politics/00summit-new5/00summit-new5-facebookJumbo.jpg

Silicon Valley had come to small-town Kansas schools — and it was not going well.

“I want to just take my Chromebook back and tell them I’m not doing it anymore,” said Kallee Forslund, 16, a 10th grader in Wellington.

Eight months earlier, public schools near Wichita had rolled out a web-based platform and curriculum from Summit Learning. The Silicon Valley-based program promotes an educational approach called “personalized learning,” which uses online tools to customize education. The platform that Summit provides was developed by Facebook engineers. It is funded by Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician.

Many families in the Kansas towns, which have grappled with underfunded public schools and deteriorating test scores, initially embraced the change. Under Summit’s program, students spend much of the day on their laptops and go online for lesson plans and quizzes, which they complete at their own pace. Teachers assist students with the work, hold mentoring sessions and lead special projects. The system is free to schools. The laptops are typically bought separately.

Then, students started coming home with headaches and hand cramps. Some said they felt more anxious. One child asked to bring her dad’s hunting earmuffs to class to block out classmates because work was now done largely alone.

“We’re allowing the computers to teach and the kids all looked like zombies,” said Tyson Koenig, a factory supervisor in McPherson, who visited his son’s fourth-grade class. In October, he pulled the 10-year-old out of the school.

“Change rarely comes without some bumps in the road,” said Gordon Mohn, McPherson’s superintendent of schools. He added, “Students are becoming self-directed learners and are demonstrating greater ownership of their learning activities.”

John Buckendorf, Wellington High School’s principal, said the “vast majority of our parents are happy with the program.”

The resistance in Kansas is part of mounting nationwide opposition to Summit, which began trials of its system in public schools four years ago and is now in around 380 schools and used by 74,000 students. In Brooklyn, high school students walked out in November after their school started using Summit’s platform. In Indiana, Pa., after a survey by Indiana University of Pennsylvania found 70 percent of students wanted Summit dropped or made optional, the school board scaled it back and then voted this month to terminate it. And in Cheshire, Conn., the program was cut after protests in 2017.

“When there are frustrating situations, generally ki

ds get over them, parents get over them, and they all move on,” said Mary Burnham, who has two grandchildren in Cheshire’s school district and started a petition to end Summit’s use. “Nobody got over this.”

Silicon Valley has tried to remake American education in its own image for years, even as many in tech eschew gadgets and software at home and flood into tech-free schools. Summit has been part of the leading edge of the movement, but the rebellion raises questions about a heavy reliance on tech in public schools.

For years, education experts have debated the merits of self-directed, online learning versus traditional teacher-led classrooms. Proponents argue that programs like Summit provide children, especially those in underserved towns, access to high-quality curriculums and teachers. Skeptics worry about screen time and argue that students miss out on important interpersonal lessons.❞

When this school year started, children got laptops to use Summit software and curriculums. In class, they sat at the computers working through subjects from math to English to history. Teachers told students that their role was now to be a mentor .

Myriland French, 16, a student at Wellington’s high school, said she had developed eye strain and missed talking to teachers and students in class. “Everyone is more stressed now,” she said.

#Facebook #Education #Summit

La libra de Facebook, una moneda al servicio de grupos privados
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240619/la-libra-de-facebook-una-moneda-al-servicio-de-grupos-privados

Mark Zuckerberg y otros 27 socios lanzarán en 2020 una criptomoneda, la libra, un sistema que promueve la estabilidad y el uso comercial. Si su peso en la economía es objeto de fantasías exageradas, la aparición de Facebook en el mercado de pagos plantea la cuestión del control sobre los datos personales.

#INTERNET #Facebook,_monedas,_cryptomoneda,_libra,_bitcoin

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Liu Cixin’s War of the Worlds | The New Yorker
▻https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/06/24/liu-cixins-war-of-the-worlds

https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5d02f1bf3b55e23fee3bfe6d/16:9/w_1200,h_630,c_limit/190624_r34501.jpg

As the standoff has intensified, Liu has become wary of touting the geopolitical underpinnings of his work. In November, when I accompanied him on a trip to Washington, D.C.—he was picking up the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation’s Award for Imagination in Service to Society—he briskly dismissed the idea that fiction could serve as commentary on history or on current affairs. “The whole point is to escape the real world!” he said. Still, the kind of reader he attracts suggests otherwise: Chinese tech entrepreneurs discuss the Hobbesian vision of the trilogy as a metaphor for cutthroat competition in the corporate world; other fans include Barack Obama, who met Liu in Beijing two years ago, and Mark Zuckerberg. Liu’s international career has become a source of national pride. In 2015, China’s then Vice-President, Li Yuanchao, invited Liu to Zhongnanhai—an off-limits complex of government accommodation sometimes compared to the Kremlin—to discuss the books and showed Liu his own copies, which were dense with highlights and annotations.

Liu’s tomes—they tend to be tomes—have been translated into more than twenty languages, and the trilogy has sold some eight million copies worldwide. He has won China’s highest honor for science-fiction writing, the Galaxy Award, nine times, and in 2015 he became the first Asian writer to win the Hugo Award, the most prestigious international science-fiction prize. In China, one of his stories has been a set text in the gao kao—the notoriously competitive college-entrance exams that determine the fate of ten million pupils annually; another has appeared in the national seventh-grade-curriculum textbook. When a reporter recently challenged Liu to answer the middle-school questions about the “meaning” and the “central themes” of his story, he didn’t get a single one right. “I’m a writer,” he told me, with a shrug. “I don’t begin with some conceit in mind. I’m just trying to tell a good story.”

The trilogy’s success has been credited with establishing sci-fi, once marginalized in China, as a mainstream taste. Liu believes that this trend signals a deeper shift in the Chinese mind-set—that technological advances have spurred a new excitement about the possibilities of cosmic exploration. The trilogy commands a huge following among aerospace engineers and cosmologists; one scientist wrote an explanatory guide, “The Physics of Three Body.” Some years ago, China’s aerospace agency asked Liu, whose first career was as a computer engineer in the hydropower industry, to address technicians and engineers about ways that “sci-fi thinking” could be harnessed to produce more imaginative approaches to scientific problems. More recently, he was invited to inspect a colossal new radio dish, one of whose purposes is to detect extraterrestrial communications. Its engineers had been sending Liu updates on the project and effusive expressions of admiration.
“We’re looking for someone who can be very naughty when left alone, and your name kept popping up in our database.”

Earlier this year, soon after a Chinese lunar rover achieved the unprecedented feat of landing on the dark side of the moon, an adaptation of Liu’s short story “The Wandering Earth” earned nearly half a billion dollars in its first ten days of release, eventually becoming China’s second-highest-grossing film ever. A headline in the People’s Daily, the Chinese Communist Party newspaper, jubilantly summed up the mood: “Only the Chinese Can Save the Planet!”

Liu was born in 1963 in Beijing, where his father was a manager at the Coal Mine Design Institute and his mother was an elementary-school teacher. His father’s family came from the plains of Henan Province, in the Yellow River Basin, a region that suffered particularly dire calamities in the twentieth century. After the Japanese invaded China, in 1937—interrupting a civil war between Nationalists and Communists that had been raging for a decade—Henan became a vital strategic point in the Nationalist government’s attempt to prevent them from sweeping south. Chinese forces breached dikes on the Yellow River to halt the Japanese advance, but the resulting flood destroyed thousands of villages and killed hundreds of thousands of people. It also ruined vast areas of farmland; the next harvest was a fraction of the expected yield. In 1942-43, after the government failed to respond to the shortage, some two million people starved to death.

When the civil war resumed, after the Second World War, both sides conscripted men. Liu’s paternal grandparents had two sons and no ideological allegiance to either side, and, in the hope of preserving the family line, they took a chilling but pragmatic gamble. One son joined the Nationalists and the other, Liu’s father, joined the Communists. He rose to the rank of company commander in the Eighth Route Army, and, after the Communist victory, he began his career in Beijing. To this day, Liu doesn’t know what became of his uncle.

Je comprends mieux, Lui a lu un de mes livres d’enfance préféré.

Meanwhile, his father had turned him on to speculative fiction, giving him a copy of Jules Verne’s “Journey to the Center of the Earth.” To the young Liu, reading Verne’s book was like walking through a door to another world. “Everything in it was described with such authority and scrupulous attention to detail that I thought it had to be real,” Liu told me.

The great flourishing of science fiction in the West at the end of the nineteenth century occurred alongside unprecedented technological progress and the proliferation of the popular press—transformations that were fundamental to the development of the genre. As the British Empire expanded and the United States began to assert its power around the world, British and American writers invented tales of space travel as seen through a lens of imperial appropriation, in which technological superiority brought about territorial conquest. Extraterrestrials were often a proxy for human beings of different creeds or races.

Types are central to the way Liu thinks of people; he has a knack for quickly sketching the various classes that make up Chinese society. A scientist is described as “nothing more than a typical intellectual of the period: cautious, timid, seeking only to protect himself.” Another character, “a typical political cadre of the time,” had “an extremely keen sense for politics and saw everything through an ideological lens.” This characteristic endows his fiction with a sociopolitical specificity that has the texture of reality. At the same time, it doesn’t allow for much emotional complexity, and Liu has been criticized for peopling his books with characters who seem like cardboard cutouts installed in magnificent dioramas. Liu readily admits to the charge. “I did not begin writing for love of literature,” he told me. “I did so for love of science.”

August Cole, a co-author of “Ghost Fleet,” a techno-thriller about a war between the U.S. and China, told me that, for him, Liu’s work was crucial to understanding contemporary China, “because it synthesizes multiple angles of looking at the country, from the anthropological to the political to the social.” Although physics furnishes the novels’ premises, it is politics that drives the plots. At every turn, the characters are forced to make brutal calculations in which moral absolutism is pitted against the greater good. In their pursuit of survival, men and women employ Machiavellian game theory and adopt a bleak consequentialism. In Liu’s fictional universe, idealism is fatal and kindness an exorbitant luxury. As one general says in the trilogy, “In a time of war, we can’t afford to be too scrupulous.” Indeed, it is usually when people do not play by the rules of Realpolitik that the most lives are lost.

#Science_fiction #Liu_Cixin

Opinion | Launching a Global Currency Is a Bold, Bad Move for #Facebook - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/opinion/facebook-currency-libra.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/18/opinion/00stoller/00stoller-facebookJumbo.jpg

Years ago, Mark Zuckerberg made it clear that he doesn’t think Facebook is a business. “In a lot of ways, Facebook is more like a government than a traditional company,” said Mr. Zuckerberg. “We’re really setting policies.” He has acted consistently as a would-be sovereign power. For example, he is attempting to set up a Supreme Court-style independent tribunal to handle content moderation. And now he is setting up a global currency.

The way we structure money and payments is a question for democratic institutions. Any company big enough to start its own currency is just too big.

#monnaie

In Court, Facebook Blames Users for Destroying Their Own Right to Privacy
▻https://theintercept.com/2019/06/14/facebook-privacy-policy-court

In April 2018, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg sat before members of both houses of Congress and told them his company respected the privacy of the roughly two billion people who use it. “Privacy” remained largely undefined throughout Zuckerberg’s televised flagellations, but he mentioned the concept more than two dozen times, including when he told the Senate’s Judiciary and Commerce committees, “We have a broader responsibility to protect people’s privacy even beyond” a consent decree from federal (...)

#Facebook #procès #BigData #données

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« Facebook fonctionne comme une dictature » : le grand pouvoir de Mark Zuckerberg contesté à l’AG du réseau social
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2019/05/30/le-grand-pouvoir-de-mark-zuckerberg-conteste-a-l-assemblee-generale-de-faceb

Quatre résolutions vont être défendues, jeudi, par des actionnaires, qui proposent de réduire la mainmise du fondateur du réseau social sur le groupe ou d’instaurer des contre-pouvoirs dans sa gouvernance. « Fire Mark Zuckerberg ». Le slogan appelant à « virer » le patron de Facebook s’est affiché en grand sur la façade de l’hôtel Nia, choisi cette année pour accueillir l’assemblée générale des actionnaires du géant du numérique, jeudi 30 mai. Cette protestation visuelle, réalisée de nuit, la veille, grâce à (...)

#Apple #Google #Microsoft #Oracle #Facebook #Twitter #domination

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Facebook, l’arme fatale du Vlaams Belang (et de tous les extrêmes)
▻https://parismatch.be/actualites/politique/275071/facebook-larme-fatale-du-vlaams-belang-et-de-tous-les-extremes

Devenu le deuxième parti du pays, le Vlaams Belang a dépensé sans compter sur le réseau social pendant la campagne. Une stratégie qui a semble-t-il porté ses fruits même si elle n’explique pas tout. Un cas qui prouve (encore une fois) que le monstre créé par Mark Zuckerberg est plus que jamais une arme politique redoutable profitant surtout aux extrêmes. Une vague brune, ou noire selon les titres, est passée sur une partie de notre territoire ce dimanche. Mais sa couleur précise n’a pas beaucoup (...)

#Facebook #manipulation #élections #publicité

##publicité

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Facebook plans to launch ’GlobalCoin’ currency in 2020
▻https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48383460

Facebook is finalising plans to launch its own crypto-currency next year. It is planning to set up a digital payments system in about a dozen countries by the first quarter of 2020. The social media giant wants to start testing its crypto-currency, which has been referred to internally as GlobalCoin, by the end of this year. Facebook is expected to outline plans in more detail this summer, and has already spoken to Bank of England governor Mark Carney. Founder Mark Zuckerberg met Mr (...)

#cryptomonnaie #Facebook #domination

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Que s’est-il passé en un an de RGPD, la loi censée protéger vos données ?
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2019/05/25/protection-des-donnees-plaintes-amendes-enquetes-que-s-est-il-passe-en-un-an

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Il y a un an, le 25 mai 2018, entrait en application le règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD), un texte redéfinissant les droits des citoyens et les obligations des entreprises en matière de données personnelles dans toute l’Union européenne (UE). Il a été présenté comme une révolution, un changement d’ère dans un monde numérique dopé à la donnée personnelle. Un an plus tard, quel bilan peut-on tirer de ce texte ambitieux ?

Explosion du nombre de plaintes

D’abord, ce nouveau cadre juridique n’est pas passé inaperçu des citoyens européens – médiatisation du texte et importance croissante de la question des données personnelles aidant. De nombreuses autorités nationales de protection des données personnelles ont fait état d’une forte augmentation du nombre de plaintes.

Aura internationale

En un an, le RGPD s’est imposé comme un standard international de la protection des données. Il a notamment inspiré l’Etat de Californie, aux Etats-Unis, dans l’écriture de son propre texte. Nouvelle ère ou opportunisme, certains géants du numérique américains louent en tout cas aujourd’hui les mérites du RGPD, signe d’un changement de perception des enjeux liés aux données personnelles dans le monde, et en particulier outre-Atlantique.

« Ce que je défends c’est que le RGPD soit adopté par davantage de pays », expliquait le patron de Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, de passage à Paris il y a peu, devant une poignée de journalistes dont Le Monde. Dans une tribune au New York Times, son homologue chez Google, Sundar Pichai, notait que « l’Europe a élevé le niveau en matière de loi sur la vie privée ». « Nous pensons que les Etats-Unis bénéficieraient de l’adoption de sa propre loi », expliquait en outre le dirigeant.

Un comble, pour ces ogres des données personnelles qui jetaient, il y a encore quelques années, des millions de dollars dans la tentaculaire bataille contre le RGPD.

#RGPD #Vie_privée

Facebook désactive plus de 250 pages politiques trompeuses gérées par une entreprise israélienne
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2019/05/16/facebook-desactive-plus-de-250-pages-politiques-trompeuses-gerees-par-une-en

Les pages, qui pour certaines usurpaient l’identité de candidats, visaient majoritairement l’Afrique subsaharienne. La société de Mark Zuckerberg a annoncé jeudi 16 mai avoir supprimé 265 comptes, pages et groupes, sur Facebook et Instagram, faisant tous partie d’un même réseau utilisé pour diffuser de fausses informations ou influer de manière malhonnête sur le débat politique. La plupart de ces comptes visaient les internautes de plusieurs pays d’Afrique subsaharienne (Togo, Angola, Nigeria, Niger…), (...)

#Facebook #manipulation #Archimedes #publicité

##publicité

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Responsabiliser Facebook : mission impossible ?
▻https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/responsabiliser-facebook-mission-impossible/00089298

C’est avec solennité qu’Emmanuel Macron a lancé hier, aux côtés de la première ministre néo-zélandaise Jacinda Ardern, l’appel de Christchurh. Référence directe à l’attentat ayant fait 51 morts dans ce pays et filmé et diffusé en direct sur Facebook, cet appel presse gouvernements et fournisseurs de service en ligne d’agir pour supprimer plus efficacement les contenus terroristes et extrêmistes violents en ligne. Une démarche qui fait écho à la réception à l’Elysée, cinq jours plus tôt, de Mark Zuckerberg, (...)

#Google #Instagram #WhatsApp #Facebook #YouTube #algorithme #manipulation #domination #[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données_(RGPD)[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR)[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR) (...)

##[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données__RGPD_[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_ ##profiling

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Régulation des contenus haineux sur les réseaux sociaux : les réponses de Zuckerberg à Macron
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2019/05/10/regulation-des-contenus-haineux-sur-les-reseaux-sociaux-les-reponses-de-zuck

La réunion entre le chef de l’Etat et le fondateur de Facebook, vendredi, a fait émerger des accords, et surtout des points de divergence.

A l’issue de la rencontre, devant un petit groupe de journalistes, dont Le Monde, Mark Zuckerberg a déclaré :
« Nous avons lancé cette expérimentation [avec le gouvernement français], et nous avons été très impressionnés par le sérieux de leur travail pour comprendre les systèmes que nous avons mis en place, et les défis que ces questions représentent. Je me sens conforté et optimiste vis-à-vis du futur cadre juridique qui sera mis en place. Ça va être difficile, il y aura des choses avec lesquelles nous ne serons pas d’accord, mais pour que les gens aient confiance en Internet, il doit y avoir de bonnes régulations. »

•$ Le montant des sanctions
Concrètement, un premier désaccord concerne le montant des sanctions prévues dans le rapport remis vendredi, en cas de manquement aux obligations de transparence et d’application de la modération des contenus haineux : jusqu’à 4 % du chiffre d’affaires mondial de l’entreprise.

« Cela a l’air d’être le nouveau standard qui est copié-collé dans toutes les régulations », a commenté Richard Allan, responsable des affaires publiques de Facebook, en référence au même niveau de sanction mentionné dans le règlement européen sur la protection des données (RGPD) et la proposition de loi sur les contenus haineux de la députée Laetitia Avia. Sur ce dernier texte, Facebook avait déjà fait savoir qu’il trouvait le recours au chiffre d’affaires mondial excessif.
[…]
• L’accès à l’information interne et aux algorithmes
Une deuxième mise en garde concerne les « larges pouvoirs d’accès à l’information détenue par les plates-formes » que le rapport veut accorder au régulateur (Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel ou autre). Il est prévu des « audits » mais aussi des « accès privilégiés » aux algorithmes du réseau social.

« Quel sera le niveau d’intrusion des demandes formulées par le régulateur pour accéder à des données sur les performances de nos systèmes ? », s’est interrogé M. Allan, imaginant le cas de demandes touchant des données « non pertinentes » aux missions de régulation ou des « sujets commerciaux sensibles ».

It’s Time to Break Up Facebook
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/09/opinion/sunday/chris-hughes-facebook-zuckerberg.html

The last time I saw Mark Zuckerberg was in the summer of 2017, several months before the Cambridge Analytica scandal broke. We met at Facebook’s Menlo Park, Calif., office and drove to his house, in a quiet, leafy neighborhood. We spent an hour or two together while his toddler daughter cruised around. We talked politics mostly, a little about Facebook, a bit about our families. When the shadows grew long, I had to head out. I hugged his wife, Priscilla, and said goodbye to Mark. Since (...)

#Facebook #Instagram #Messenger #WhatsApp #algorithme #manipulation #domination #marketing (...)

##profiling

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/09/opinion/sunday/09Hughes/09Hughes-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg

Inside Facebook’s war room : the battle to protect EU elections
▻https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/may/05/facebook-admits-huge-scale-of-fake-news-and-election-interference

Less than three years ago, Facebook’s chief executive, Mark Zuckerberg, dismissed as “crazy” the idea that fake news on his platform could have influenced the election of Donald Trump as US president. Today the company admits it is under siege from billions of fake accounts trying to game its systems to win elections, make money or influence people in other ways, and battling a tsunami of fake news, disinformation and hate speech. Defeating them has become a matter of corporate survival, and (...)

#Facebook #Twitter #algorithme #manipulation #élections #filtrage

▻https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/cb78edd000f69ca225c88d849ba503cc18a62ab2/0_112_3500_2101/master/3500.jpg

F8 : Le salaud dans le salon.
▻https://www.affordance.info/mon_weblog/2019/05/salaud-salon-zuckerberg-f8.html

Lors de sa conférence « F8 » du 30 Avril, dont un compte-rendu maison est disponible dans la Newsroom de la firme, Mark Zuckerberg a annoncé vouloir construire l’équivalent numérique de l’espace de notre « salon » (je souligne) : "Depuis 15 ans nous avons construit Facebook et Instagram pour qu’ils soient les équivalents numériques d’une place publique ("Town square") dans laquelle vous pouvez interagir avec beaucoup de gens en même temps. Désormais nous nous concentrons pour construire l’équivalent (...)

#Facebook #Instagram #Messenger #WhatsApp #BigData #données #marketing (...)

##surveillance
▻https://www.affordance.info/.a/6a00d8341c622e53ef0240a4595a4b200c-600wi

Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp : comment Facebook veut séduire les entreprises
▻https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/instagram-messenger-whatsapp-comment-facebook-veut-seduire-les-entreprises-398

« Le futur est privé » a martelé comme un mantra Mark Zuckerberg, lors de la keynote qui a ouvert la conférence Facebook F8, grand raout annuel organisé par l’entreprise à San Jose, dans la Silicon Valley. L’entrepreneur a d’emblée évoqué les travaux de fond effectués par son entreprise pour mieux protéger la vie privée de ses utilisateurs, dont une refonte des infrastructures et l’accent mis sur le chiffrement des conversations. Facebook est depuis plus d’un an empêtré dans une succession de scandales (...)

#Facebook #Instagram #Messenger #WhatsApp #BigData #marketing

https://www.zdnet.fr/i/edit/ne/2019/03/zuck_620.JPG

Pourquoi Facebook n’aime pas le mot « lesbienne »
▻https://www.numerama.com/tech/508425-pourquoi-facebook-naime-pas-le-mot-lesbienne.html

Des activistes françaises ont tenté de créer une page Facebook pour améliorer la visibilité des lesbiennes en ligne. Facebook a censuré son nom a priori car il contenait... le mot lesbienne. « Ce nom d’utilisateur n’est pas disponible. Il comporte des mots qui ne sont pas autorisés sur Facebook ». Le mot concerné, c’est « lesbienne ». Sur la version française du réseau social de Mark Zuckerberg, il n’est pas autorisé de créer une page dont le nom comporte ce nom commun. C’est le constat qu’a fait Fanchon, (...)

#Instagram #Facebook #Twitter #censure #discrimination #LGBT

//c2.lestechnophiles.com/www.numerama.com/content/uploads/2019/04/lesbienne.jpg

Capitalocène, racisme environnemental et écoféminisme – Agitations
▻https://agitationautonome.com/2019/04/07/capitalocene-racisme-environnemental-et-ecofeminisme

« En dehors du fait que les méthodes d’exploitation ne correspondent pas au niveau de développement social, mais aux conditions accidentelles et fort inégales dans lesquelles les producteurs sont individuellement placés, nous assistons dans ces deux formes [petite et grande culture] à une exploitation gaspilleuse des ressources du sol au lieu d’une culture consciencieuse et rationnelle de la terre, propriété commune et éternelle, condition inaliénable de l’existence et de la reproduction de générations humaines qui se relaient ».
Karl Marx, Le Capital, Volume II

« Quand il pleut, quand il y a de faux nuages sur Paris, n’oubliez jamais que c’est la faute du gouvernement. La production industrielle aliénée fait la pluie. La révolution fait le beau temps ».
Guy Debord, La Planète Malade

Introduction

Indéniablement, le désastre est en cours. Les îles Marshall sont progressivement inondées, certaines ont déjà disparu. Les réfugiés climatiques se multiplient, et sont des milliers à demander l’asile climatique : ils seront plusieurs centaines de millions d’ici 30 ans (à noter qu’à ce jour, le statut de « réfugié climatique » n’est pas reconnu juridiquement par les institutions supranationales). Les catastrophes naturelles s’intensifient, l’augmentation de la salinité des eaux menace nombre de terres agricoles, les feux de forêts paraissent dans certaines régions inarrêtables. Des métropoles et mégalopoles phares du capitalisme mondialisé sont menacées d’être invivables d’ici quelques décennies, notamment Miami, New-York, Rotterdam, Tokyo, Singapour ou encore Amsterdam.

Il serait fastidieux de recenser tous les dégâts du réchauffement climatique, et là n’est pas notre sujet. Nombre de travaux ont déjà été réalisés1 sur ce qui apparaît aujourd’hui comme une menace monstrueuse et imminente : l’effondrement de toute civilisation humaine. Les théories catastrophistes ont désormais le vent en poupe, tout comme les thèses, articles et ouvrages de collapsologie. Le survivalisme devient progressivement un thème sociétal en vogue, surfant au gré des pseudo-solutions individualistes et techno-utopistes prônées par les tenants du capitalisme vert ou par les lobbys assurantiels du risque climatique. Le changement climatique est un marché lucratif.

Depuis des décennies, l’ampleur du danger est étudiée par des institutions et chercheurs, pour la plupart occidentaux et régulièrement subventionnés par de grands groupes capitalistes. Les plus grandes fortunes mondiales se transforment en philanthropes sauveurs de l’humanité. En 2016, Bill Gates, à travers sa fondation et le fonds Breakthrough Energy Ventures, levait un milliard de dollars afin de développer des technologies de géo-ingénierie illuminées nécessitant l’exploitation de millions de prolétaires pour des résultats plus qu’incertains. Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), Jeff Bezos (Amazon) ou Richard Branson (Virgin) furent parmi les principaux donateurs. D’autres multi-milliardaires explorent en hélicoptère les savanes africaines et indonésiennes afin de redorer leur image en comptant le nombre d’éléphants disparus chaque année : une façon comme une autre de faire campagne sans nécessité de serrer des mains.

Les capitalistes profitent de la déqualification du prolétariat à l’ère du Toyotisme2 pour s’arroger toutes les compétences techniques et toutes les solutions au changement climatique : les travailleurs, aliénés, sont dépossédés de toute capacité d’intervention sur la production, entrainant la promotion d’une attitude individualiste et morale sur la crise en cours. Ainsi, les capitalistes font de la crise environnementale un problème « civilisationnel », un « enjeu nouveau pour nos démocraties », se pressent pour parler de « consensus » quant au danger qui nous guette. L’idéologie citoyenniste du « tous-ensemble » ou celle pseudo-radicale de l’éco-populisme sont incapables de mettre fin aux ambitions d’exploitation des ressources naturelles propres au système actuel, précisément parce que ce dernier ne peut fonctionner qu’en accumulant toujours plus de richesses. Ces idéologies s’indignent de l’inaction de l’État, incapable de remettre l’humanité sur de bons rails. Dès lors, l’ État est le nouvel interlocuteur privilégié des acteurs des Marches pour le Climat, marches très majoritairement métropolitaines, blanches et bourgeoises. De son côté, l’économie apparaît pour ces marcheurs, dans un système mondialisé, comme lointaine, sinon secondaire : elle est un « interlocuteur » absent.

L’indignation citoyenniste est d’un moralisme exacerbé, si bien qu’on entend parler à longueur de temps d’alternatives institutionnelles. C’est l’homme qui est visé dans son individualité, abstraitement, et ce principalement à travers son mode de consommation. La production marchande passe à la trappe au profit du « consom’acteur », le genre humain est aussi bien le fauteur de trouble que le bouc-émissaire, l’universalisme bourgeois hors-sol des Lumières reprend ses droits. Une vision fictionnelle du système-monde l’emporte à l’heure où les sols sont presque partout déjà morts.

Contre cette lecture caricaturale de la crise en cours, nous effectuerons dans un premier temps une critique radicale du concept d’Anthropocène, en tant qu’il serait cause du réchauffement climatique, et nous lui préférerons le concept de Capitalocène. Dans un second temps, nous verrons comment le système capitaliste produit différentes formes de racisme environnemental. Enfin, nous verrons ce qu’une lecture écoféministe de la crise telle que celle de Maria Mies nous enseigne à propos des liens entre effondrement environnemental et domination masculine, le tout afin de comprendre comment les luttes actuelles (aux prises avec les contradictions du capital, de genre et avec la segmentation raciale du travail comme de l’espace) sont imbriquées et tendent à ralentir la crise.

#capitalocène #écoféminisme

Silicon Valley Came to Kansas Schools. That Started a Rebellion.
►https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/technology/silicon-valley-kansas-schools.html

WELLINGTON, Kan. — The seed of rebellion was planted in classrooms. It grew in kitchens and living rooms, in conversations between students and their parents.

It culminated when Collin Winter, 14, an eighth grader in McPherson, Kan., joined a classroom walkout in January. In the nearby town of Wellington, high schoolers staged a sit-in. Their parents organized in living rooms, at churches and in the back of machine repair shops. They showed up en masse to school board meetings. In neighborhoods with no political yard signs, homemade signs with dark red slash marks suddenly popped up.

Silicon Valley had come to small-town Kansas schools — and it was not going well.

“I want to just take my Chromebook back and tell them I’m not doing it anymore,” said Kallee Forslund, 16, a 10th grader in Wellington.

Eight months earlier, public schools near Wichita had rolled out a web-based platform and curriculum from Summit Learning. The Silicon Valley-based program promotes an educational approach called “personalized learning,” which uses online tools to customize education. The platform that Summit provides was developed by Facebook engineers. It is funded by Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician.

#éducation #technologie #écrans #philantropie

Apocalypse Now ?

Le pays va-t-il se retourner contre les riches ? Contre l’innovation technologique ? Est-ce que ça va se transformer en désordre civil ? En tout cas, plus de 50 % des milliardaires de la Silicon Valley ont pris, d’une manière ou d’une autre, une assurance contre l’apocalypse.

Tout aussi irrationnel, les mêmes qui font construire un mur de la honte pour se « proteger » des populations du Sud sont en train de coloniser la Nouvelle-Zélande :

S’ils ne s’accordent pas sur la cause de cette apocalypse, beaucoup trouvent que la Nouvelle-Zélande est le meilleur endroit pour y faire face. Un pays qui ne connaît pas d’ennemi, a peu de chance d’être la cible d’une bombe nucléaire, et composé de nombreuses îles où s’isoler, avec de l’altitude pour faire face à la montée du niveau de la mer, de larges territoires inhabités, peu de pollution… Rien qu’en 2016, 13 000 riches américains y ont demandé un permis de construire. Le pays a dû restreindre par la loi la vente de logements à des étrangers, pour maîtriser la hausse des prix de l’immobilier.

Ce sont aussi les mêmes qui, déplaçant les populations, détruisant lieux de vie indigènes et zones à défendre, se construisent des rêves d’autonomie :

Mark Zuckerberg, PDG de Facebook, voit plus grand. Il a acheté un domaine dans le pacifique, sur une petite île au large de Hawaï. Il a payé les poignées de familles présentes sur ses terres, qui y cultivaient de la canne à sucre, pour partir. Il entend s’y faire bâtir une propriété et une ferme bio de 27 hectares, en autosuffisance totale. Un investissement à plus de cent millions de dollars pour assurer sa seule survie et celle de sa famille…

Là où fleurissent les bunkers de milliardaires : ►https://www.humanite.fr/nouvelle-zelande-la-ou-fleurissent-les-bunkers-de-milliardaires-670945

Mark Zuckerberg prône un « rôle plus actif » des Etats pour réguler Internet
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2019/03/31/mark-zuckerberg-prone-un-role-plus-actif-des-etats-pour-reguler-internet_544

Le fondateur de Facebook signe une tribune dans plusieurs journaux. « Des décideurs publics me disent souvent que nous avons trop de pouvoir en matière d’expression. Franchement, je suis d’accord », écrit-il. Le patron et fondateur de Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, appelle les pouvoirs publics dans le monde à jouer un « rôle plus actif » pour réguler Internet, invitant notamment plus d’Etats à s’inspirer des règles européennes en matière de protection de la vie privée. « Je suis convaincu que les (...)

#Facebook #contrôle #web #surveillance

https://img.lemde.fr/2019/04/01/262/0/4080/2040/1440/720/60/0/02f3e30_loVH12jTKyyzlAGLr8KrzTzo.jpg

A Privacy-Focused Vision for Social Networking | Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook, 6 mars 2019
▻https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/a-privacy-focused-vision-for-social-networking/10156700570096634

Over the last 15 years, Facebook and Instagram have helped people connect with friends, communities, and interests in the digital equivalent of a town square. But people increasingly also want to connect privately in the digital equivalent of the living room. As I think about the future of the internet, I believe a privacy-focused communications platform will become even more important than today’s open platforms. Privacy gives people the freedom to be themselves and connect more naturally, which is why we build social networks.

Today we already see that private messaging, ephemeral stories, and small groups are by far the fastest growing areas of online communication. There are a number of reasons for this. Many people prefer the intimacy of communicating one-on-one or with just a few friends. People are more cautious of having a permanent record of what they’ve shared. And we all expect to be able to do things like payments privately and securely.

Public social networks will continue to be very important in people’s lives — for connecting with everyone you know, discovering new people, ideas and content, and giving people a voice more broadly. People find these valuable every day, and there are still a lot of useful services to build on top of them. But now, with all the ways people also want to interact privately, there’s also an opportunity to build a simpler platform that’s focused on privacy first.

I understand that many people don’t think Facebook can or would even want to build this kind of privacy-focused platform — because frankly we don’t currently have a strong reputation for building privacy protective services, and we’ve historically focused on tools for more open sharing. But we’ve repeatedly shown that we can evolve to build the services that people really want, including in private messaging and stories.

I believe the future of communication will increasingly shift to private, encrypted services where people can be confident what they say to each other stays secure and their messages and content won’t stick around forever. This is the future I hope we will help bring about.
We plan to build this the way we’ve developed WhatsApp: focus on the most fundamental and private use case — messaging — make it as secure as possible, and then build more ways for people to interact on top of that, including calls, video chats, groups, stories, businesses, payments, commerce, and ultimately a platform for many other kinds of private services.

This privacy-focused platform will be built around several principles:
Private interactions. People should have simple, intimate places where they have clear control over who can communicate with them and confidence that no one else can access what they share.
Encryption. People’s private communications should be secure. End-to-end encryption prevents anyone — including us — from seeing what people share on our services.

Reducing Permanence. People should be comfortable being themselves, and should not have to worry about what they share coming back to hurt them later. So we won’t keep messages or stories around for longer than necessary to deliver the service or longer than people want them.

Safety. People should expect that we will do everything we can to keep them safe on our services within the limits of what’s possible in an encrypted service.

Interoperability. People should be able to use any of our apps to reach their friends, and they should be able to communicate across networks easily and securely.

Secure data storage. People should expect that we won’t store sensitive data in countries with weak records on human rights like privacy and freedom of expression in order to protect data from being improperly accessed.

Over the next few years, we plan to rebuild more of our services around these ideas. The decisions we’ll face along the way will mean taking positions on important issues concerning the future of the internet. We understand there are a lot of tradeoffs to get right, and we’re committed to consulting with experts and discussing the best way forward. This will take some time, but we’re not going to develop this major change in our direction behind closed doors. We’re going to do this as openly and collaboratively as we can because many of these issues affect different parts of society.

Résumé en français : « Mark Zuckerberg veut recentrer Facebook sur les échanges privés » ▻https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/hightech/0600849596938-mark-zuckerberg-veut-recentrer-facebook-sur-les-echanges-priv

Intersyndicale du « Monde » : en défense des pigistes
▻https://snjcgt.fr/2019/03/04/intersyndicale-du-monde-en-defense-des-pigistes

L’intersyndicale demande à la direction l’ouverture de négociations sur les #pigistes, afin de répondre aux problèmes persistants qui les touchent, encore soulignés par la naissance du collectif Pigistes du Monde, deux après celle du Collectif des pigistes de Blanqui. Nous saluons le regroupement de ces rédacteurs, illustrateurs, pour défendre leurs droits et nous les soutiendrons dans leurs démarches futures.

Pour l’heure, voici les sujets que nous souhaitons voir discutés :

– état des lieux des pigistes permanents qui devraient être régularisés au plus vite.
– participation du journal à la couverture sociale des pigistes à l’étranger — des négociations en ce sens ont déjà eu lieu à RFI et France Médias Monde ;
– indemnité de transport et facilités administratives, telles que prévues par la clause de revoyure de l’accord de 2017, qui devait être négocié avant juin 2018 ;
– révision des tarifs des piges photo, illustration et définition d’une grille complète des tarifs de piges, comme dans d’autres entreprises de presse ;
– égalité d’accès à l’information concernant l’entreprise (intranet, e-mail non discriminant, mailing listes) ;

En moyenne, 300 pigistes participent chaque mois à la confection des publications du Monde sur tous les supports. Il est temps de s’attaquer à la précarité qu’ils vivent au quotidien.