Momies demi-frères (par la mère) une même étude (ci-dessous, accessible) des compte-rendus quasi similaires à quelques différences mineures (!) près sur l’interprétation…
The kinship of two 12th Dynasty mummies revealed by ancient DNA sequencing - ScienceDirect
▻https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X17305631
Highlights
• We study the kinship of two high-status Egyptians from the 12th Dynasty
• Ancient DNA was extracted from the teeth of the two mummies
• Sequences were obtained after hybridization capture of mtDNA and Y chromosome DNA
• Both mummies belong to mt haplotype M1a1, suggesting a maternal relationship
• Y DNA sequences showed variations, indicating that the mummies had different fathers
[…]
4. Discussion
[…]
Our results provide an intriguing insight into one facet of ancient Egyptian kinship, and illustrate the potential use of matrimonial alliance as a means of social reinforcement among the elite and sub-elite. Unfortunately, placing our results in a broader context is difficult because we are unaware of any comparable examples of two men buried together in an intact Pharaonic tomb (e.g. Garstang, 1907). There is a separate suggestion of #polyandry in the inscriptions on another set of monuments from the same period as the Two Brothers, although these may refer to two women with the same name rather than the same woman having two husbands (Simpson, 1974). The kinship of Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht also provides an example of the common practice in recorded filiations of this period to give precedence to the maternal rather than paternal line, individual rights being determined by social class rather than gender (Robins, 1993), and can perhaps be looked on as a reflection of the high status accorded to their mother Khnum-Aa in their particular social and family structure.
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Compte-rendu 1 Live Science
4,000-Year-Old Mummies Are Half-Brothers, DNA Analysis Shows
▻https://www.livescience.com/61448-mummies-are-half-brothers.html
▻https://img.purch.com/h/1000/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5Ny84MjYvb3JpZ2luY
“The two mummies had identical mitochondrial profiles, [so] we can be sure they were related maternally,” the study’s lead researcher, Konstantina Drosou, a research associate at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, in the United Kingdom, told Live Science. “For the Y chromosome, the results were less complete due to the fact that the Y chromosome exists in only one copy per cell, whereas the mitochondrial DNA exists in multiple copies per cell.” [In Photos: Ancient Egyptian Tombs Decorated with Creatures]
Even so, the Y chromosome results indicated that the two men likely had different fathers.
Même mère, pères différents, POINT.
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Compte-rendu 2 Washington Post
4,000-year-old Egyptian mummies were thought to be brothers. Genetics tells a different story. - The Washington Post
▻https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/01/19/4000-year-old-egyptian-mummies-were-thought-to-be-brothers-genetics-
Khnum-Nakht and Nakht-Ankh were not royalty. Each was the son of a local governor, according to the hieroglyphics. A governor was “basically the headman of the local town, making them elite,” said Campbell Price, the curator of Egypt at the Manchester Museum who worked with Drosou on the new research. “Most people were farmers, remember.”
Price said the discovery suggests an underemphasized aspect of this culture: the role of women in Egyptian high society. Khnum-aa, a member of the “highest social circles,” probably had a son with one local ruler and then, two decades later, had a son with another. “Perhaps,” he wondered, “the male local governors were only able to confirm or maintain their power by marrying this woman called Khnum-aa?”
Réévaluation du rôle social de la femme.
Pères différents mais successifs : two decades later.
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Compte-rendu 3 Les Cahiers de Science & Vie, n° 173, mars 2018, p. 8 (pas de version en ligne)
Mais, surprise !, les frères ne l’étaient qu’à moitié : " Chose rare, nous avons pu récupérer de l’ADN issu du chromosome Y, donc paternel, poursuit la chercheuse. Cette fois, les variations mesurées indiquent des pères probablement différents. "
Écart indélicat de madame ? En fait, la découverte éclaire d’anciennes inscriptions « qui, à l’époque, font plus souvent référence à la mère qu’au père, Indique Konstantina Drosou. _Ici les pères de Khnoum-Nakht et Nakht-Ankh avaient tous les deux un haut statut et partageaient une épouse… Il semble que la femme avait alors une position clé. »
Ces données génétiques ont donc une réelle portée sociologique.
Réévaluation du statut social de la femme et #polyandrie (possible…) sans le dire trop explicitement : partageaient une épouse.
