« Quand William Playfair voulait dépecer la France ! »
Signalé sur Twitter par Michael Friendly @datavisFriendly
A little known Playfair map: “A map of France with the proposed divisions”, 1793.
William Playfair proposes dividing France and giving pieces to its neighbors.
Found in: John Delaney’s “First X, Then Y, Now Z”, p. 143.
#cartoexperiement #cartographie #william_playfair #précurseurs #frontières #territoires
La diagonale pique les yeux. Ça ressemble à ce qu’on a fait à l’Afrique, remarque.
#Luxembourg_français — Wikipédia
▻https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_fran%C3%A7ais
Le Luxembourg français désigne la partie méridionale de l’ancien duché de Luxembourg, cédée au royaume de France, en 1659, par le traité des Pyrénées. Il avait pour chef-lieu Thionville.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Data Portraits
▻http://www.papress.com/html/product.details.dna?isbn=9781616897062
The colorful charts, graphs, and maps presented at the 1900 Paris Exposition by famed sociologist and black rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois offered a view into the lives of black Americans, conveying a literal and figurative representation of “the color line.” From advances in education to the lingering effects of slavery, these prophetic infographics—beautiful in design and powerful in content—make visible a wide spectrum of black experience.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Data Portraits collects the complete set of graphics in full color for the first time, making their insights and innovations available to a contemporary imagination. As Maria Popova wrote, these data portraits shaped how “Du Bois himself thought about sociology, informing the ideas with which he set the world ablaze three years later in The Souls of Black Folk.”
#WEB_Du_Bois #visualisation #états-Unis #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
Une conférence en 1885, picorée sur Twitter
via RJ Andrews alias @infowetrust qui nous offre ces incroyables documents historiques
Set the time machine for 1885 London. Holy mackerel what a program.
Over the next day or so I’ll be sharing my reading of the international event that was the golden Jubilee celebration of the Statistical Society, with a special eye for the “Graphic Method of Statistics”
Who was there? 🇬🇧 Galton! 🇫🇷 Toussant Loua (the shaded table)! 🇺🇸 Francis A Walker (visual Census)!
I’m going right to these ~hundred pgs, all loaded with viz.
the President intro weighs the reasoning for statistics being a science. I really like this bit.
Avec ces remarques et ajouts :
Mara Averick @dataandme dit :
« Fun fact: The @royalsociety was founded in 1660. The first female Fellows (2 of them) were elected in 1945. Interesting @nature article about how its gone since came out in March: ▻https://buff.ly/2JFXXzW (ht @Fausto_Sterling) / apologies for binarification – their data / »
... et a retweeté from DynamicWebPaige @$HOME :
“It is these activities that lead to giving conferenc[e], talks, and groups like @RLadiesGlobal should promote more female participation in them. We all know some outstanding women in those activities, but to truly solve the problem, many more women need to get involved.”
#cartoexperiment #cartographie statistiques #précurseurs #data
visionscarto.net publie - sous la plume d’Alexandre Chollier - un bel hommage qui évoque un intellectuel « multicarte », autant biologiste que géographe, urbaniste que sociologue ou écologiste : Patrick Geddes ->
La vision grandeur nature ou la raison d’être de l’Outlook Tower
▻https://visionscarto.net/la-vision-grandeur-nature
Alexandre Chollier écrit :
« Jamais, à l’évidence, les cartes n’ont atteint pareil degré de précision qu’aujourd’hui. Jamais elles n’ont été si nombreuses et accessibles. Un désir insatiable de tout cartographier s’est emparé de nous et sans vergogne nous y succombons. »
« [...] Les cartes sont partout, la cartographie [est] en train de nous échapper [...] parce que les conventions cartographiques (projections, échelles, légendes...) sont de moins en moins connues [des utilisateurs·trices] et cela rend malaisée l’élaboration de savoirs cartographiques communs et partagés. »
« Le but de la cartographie de type Google n’est pas tant de donner à voir et à situer que d’emmagasiner et de digérer en continu, algorithmiquement, des données personnelles afin de prédire des comportements. »
« Cette cartographie tire profit du moindre de nos gestes, archivant et analysant chaque byte d’information que nous générons, produisant des cartes de notre vie intime et sociale. »
La suite là :
▻https://visionscarto.net/la-vision-grandeur-nature
https://visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L1024xH641/40863775854_4615-2ffc3.jpg?1525279270 
https://visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L958xH977/40985145195_5b68-8ac59.jpg?1525434274 #cartographie #patrick_geddes #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #utopie #imaginaire
A tribute to #Florence_Nightingale
via RJ Andrews @infowetrust sur Twitter
Mortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams.
Mortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams
Publication date 1858
Topics Mortality, Military Medicine, Military Personnel
Publisher London : Printed by Harrison and Sons, Martin’s Lane
Collection nightingale; cdl; biomed; americana
Digitizing sponsor Internet Archive
Contributor University of California Libraries
Language English
“Reprinted from the Report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the Regulations affecting the Sanitary State of the Army.”
►https://archive.org/details/mortalityofbriti00lond
▻https://archive.org/services/img/mortalityofbriti00lond
#visualisation #sémiologie #précurseures (?) #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
Carte de la production, de la circulation, de la consommation des minerais et de la production des metaux en Belgique - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
▻https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~303650~90074096:Carte-de-la-production,-de-la-circu
Color map of Belgium 73x87, dissected into 24 sections of 18x14, backed with linen. Showing production, circulation, consumption of minerals and the production of metals in Belgium during 1878. Includes color coded signs showing production, consumption and transportation of minerals, and Table of mines, minerals, factories and production of iron, zinc, lead, copper or pyrite minerals in 1878. Map showing cities, villages, roads, railroads, rivers, canals, etc. Includes legend and text. This flow diagram was likely influenced by the work of #Charles_Joseph_Minard.
L’atlas uniprojectionnel de Joseph-Victor Barbier : une utopie cartographique, par Alexandre Chollier
▻https://visionscarto.net/atlas-uniprojectionnel-barbier
À l’automne 1895, c’est ainsi un géographe au faîte de son activité intellectuelle qui écrit à Reclus. Cette lettre paraît à Nancy dans le Bulletin de la Société de géographie de l’Est. Au vu de son importance, je la retranscris en entier
Heroes of Visualization: John Snow, H.W. Acland, and the Mythmaking Problem | | Peachpit
►http://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2048358
#John_Snow, Movie Star
John Snow’s myth is one of a rebel scientist of humble origins fighting against ingrained prejudices. I won’t bore you with the details of his tale, as it has been beautifully narrated elsewhere3. Let me just offer a brief summary: In the nineteenth century, cholera was a disease that killed many thousands a year. Today, we know that cholera is caused by a bacteria—Vibrio cholerae—which has been shaped by evolution to spread itself in a devilish manner: It provokes severe vomiting and diarrhea. If its victims live very close to each other and they don’t have access to adequate sanitary conditions, it is likely that the fluids they release will contaminate sources of water or food.
Damier géographique (breveté s. g. d. g.) : Les Alliés : Nouveau jeu de guerre (1916)
▻http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530644988
(vue ce midi à la Map Fair de San Francisco)
#cartographie #cartexperiment #précurseurs « la géographie ça sert d’abord à faire la guerre » #propagande #manipulation
Deux siècles de contributions cartographiques à l’analyse des interactions spatiales par les flux
▻https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518424/document
Par Françoise Bahoken
L’idée qui consiste à représenter graphiquement des données quantitatives trouve son origine au XVIIème siècle, dans les travaux de William Playfair considéré comme l’inventeur de la statistique graphique. Il faudra toutefois attendre la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle pour voir apparaître les premières cartes portant sur des flux agrégés, qu’ils soient affectés (flux matériels) ou non (flux immatériels) sur réseaux. En effet, si la cartographie chorophète s’est développée dans un premier temps, la situation apparemment secondaire de la cartographie de flux tiendrait dans la difficulté de sa construction et celle de la mobilisation de données complexes. Elle réside moins dans la manipulation d’un outil, que dans la méconnaissance des méthodes pouvant être mises en oeuvre, quelle que soit l’époque considérée. Outre les questions liées au support de la représentation, la difficulté de réalisation d’une carte de flux émane surtout de la capacité à résoudre les problèmes inhérents à l’appréhension d’un objet complexe : une matrice de flux agrégés dans l’espace, le temps et à sa représentation. Cette complexité intrinsèque à l’objet se traduit par la concomitance de plusieurs composantes (spatiales, sociales ou thématiques, et temporelles) dont l’articulation nécessite de faire des choix quant à la logique de raisonnement à mettre en oeuvre, aux méthodes et outils à mobiliser compte tenu de la sémantique (flux, mouvement) et du type de flux (commerciaux, financier, migratoire...). Ces différentes contraintes n’étant pas, dans l’ensemble, nouvelles, certaines d’entre elles ont pu être résolues au cours du temps, à mesure que se développait l’analyse des interactions spatiales. L’objectif de cette communication est de présenter la contribution de l’analyse cartographique des flux (et des mouvements) au domaine de l’analyse spatiale. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une mise en perspective de l’évolution de la figure de la carte de flux en six grandes périodes (1836-2016) que nous considérons représentatives d’une (r)évolution dans la manière de penser, de faire (émergence d’une méthode ou d’un procédé) et de donner à voir les motifs de flux sur une carte. En la matière et probablement plus qu’ailleurs, l’innovation méthodologique est indéniablement le reflet d’une époque, de ses acquis théoriques et des possibilités techniques permettant leur validation empirique. Elle participe pleinement de la réponse, apportée par les géographes, aux critiques qui leur sont formulées dans la première moitié du XXème siècle à savoir : un renforcement de la prise en compte des mouvements spatiaux dans l’analyse géographique, a fortiori dans leur représentation. La recherche géographique a ainsi pu identifier différents types de mouvements, de flux et autres circulations dont il a bien fallu modéliser les processus et représenter graphiquement les motifs principaux ou significatifs, par le truchement de variables visuelles. La présentation de ces six périodes sera par ailleurs réalisée au prisme d’une classification des méthodes de cartographie de flux réalisée en fonction des principaux types de matrices.
#cartographie #histoire #sémiologie #sémantique #flux #circulation #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
Statistical chart from the end of 19th century
▻http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/09/digital-public-library-maps_n_5549723.html
This was Rand McNally’s highwater mark for its 19th century atlases. No obvious changes from the 1896 edition. Similar to the 1897 Standard Atlas of the World. Vol 1 - Foreign Countries, Vol 2 - United States. Map in full printed color. Atlas is bound in green cloth covers with ’The Rand-McNally indexed atlas of the world . Foreign countries’ and ’... United States’ stamped in gilt on Volumes 1 and 2, respectively. 1897.
#cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographie_historique #visualisation #sémiologie
The Underappreciated Man Behind the “Best Graphic Ever Produced”
▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/charles-minard-cartography-infographics-history
Charles Joseph Minard’s name is synonymous with an outstanding 1869 graphic depicting the horrific loss of life that Napoleon’s army suffered in 1812 and 1813, during its invasion of Russia and subsequent retreat. The graphic (below), which is often referred to simply as “Napoleon’s March” or “the Minard graphic,” rose to its prominent position in the pantheon of data visualizations largely thanks to praise from one of the field’s modern giants, Edward Tufte. In his 1983 classic text, “The Visual Display of Quantitative Information,” Tufte declared that Napoleon’s March “may well be the best statistical graphic ever produced.”
#minard #cartographie #visualisation #sémiologie #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
The Long Hunger Strike (Against Slavery) – The situation
▻http://www.nicholasmirzoeff.com/bio/the-long-hunger-strike-against-slavery
These posts are difficult to write and I’m sure they are difficult to read. By measuring the time taken to write–or to read–it is possible enter the symbolic world created by the hunger strike, a world in which existence matters. It is the force of the statement made by the strike that enables this fragmentary sliver of participation. It is their gift to those in solidarity, the hospitality of those utterly without resource. Like all gifts, it invokes a response, the taking of the time to feel for an instant the stakes of their action.
For a hunger strike both compresses and expands time. Every moment without sustenance is freighted with meaning and, after the first days, haunted with danger. And yet it also makes things visible. It opens the understanding of the long hunger strike from Atlantic slavery, to British imperialism, women’s suffrage and the Israeli occupation of Palestine.
The long hunger strike is interwoven with British coloniality, from slavery to Ireland, the women’s suffrage struggle, India and the former British mandate of Palestine. This pattern stems from the British practice of using regulated hunger as a weapon, which was then turned against them by the enslaved and colonized.
How Maps Became Deadly Innovations in WWI
▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/mapping-world-war-one-centennial
brrr... scary, really.
By Greg Miller
PUBLISHED April 6, 2017
By the time the United States entered World War I, 100 years ago today, the conflict had been raging in Europe for nearly three years. It was to become one of the deadliest wars in human history, claiming more than 15 million lives.
Advances in military technology—including more lethal artillery and rapid-fire machine guns— contributed to the heavy toll. Maps, too, played a role. Recent cartographic innovations allowed artillery gunners to fire at targets they couldn’t directly see and aim their guns without first firing “ranging shots” that would ruin the element of surprise. Airplanes—another relatively recent invention—allowed both sides to update their maps daily with the positions of enemy troops.
#cartographie #visualisation #première_guerre_mondiale #histoire #propagande #manipulation #usage_de_la_carte #cartoexperiment #précurseurs
A “sweeping application of thematic cartography” - Rare & Antique Maps
▻http://bostonraremaps.com/inventory/a-sweeping-application-of-thematic-cartography
Encore une fois merci à @freakonometrics qui a signalé cet ouvrage (je ne l connaissais pas) important. Décidément, je me rends de plus en plus compte que tous ces précurseurs avaient déjà fait une grande partie du travail de débroussaillage dans la recherche en sémiologie graphique (et je ne parle même pas de ce qui s’est fait en ex-URSS et que j’ai aussi récemment découvert !). Et je me dis que toutes recherches et expérimentations carto sérieuses, du point de vue de la forme, de la méthode, des protocoles, de la sémiologie graphique, passent avant tout par l’étude minutieuse de l’apport de tout·es ces précurseurs·seuses.
D’Angeville (1796-1856) can be credited with refining and expanding the application of the “chloropleth” map first developed by his predecessors Baron Charles Dupin (1784-1873) and Andre-Michel Guerry (1802-1866). These are maps in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map. While Dupin had focused on education and Guerry on crime and other “moral” phenomena, D’Angeville expanded his study to include not only these but variables related to economics and public health. The 16 maps included in his Essai sur la statistique address such wildly diverse variables as population density, rate of population growth, number of farmers, development of industry, army rejections for insufficient height or poor health, education level, illegitimate births, foundlings, number of civil suits, incidence of tax evasion, and even numbers of doors and windows in dwellings.
#cartographie #précurseurs #sémiologie #sémiologie_graphique #sémentique #Adolphe_de_Angeville
The #Atlas to Alexander von Humboldt’s “Kosmos,” by Traugott Bromme. Stuttgart: Krais & Hoffmann, 1851
▻http://www.johngrimwade.com/blog/2016/10/06/atlas-heaven
#mer #lacs #cartographie #histoire #beau
Figures et Unité de l’idée de #montagne chez Alexandre von Humboldt
Bien que la montagne soit omniprésente dans ses écrits, Alexandre von Humboldt n’a consacré aucun de ses ouvrages en particulier à ce type de région ou de milieu. Cet essai propose d’expliciter le statut de la montagne en tant que catégorie de la connaissance dans la vision du monde qu’Humboldt a élaborée. Plus précisément, cet essai montre que derrière la diversité apparente des façons qu’il a de mobiliser la notion, il existe une cohérence d’ensemble dont il n’a jamais véritablement rendu compte lui-même.
https://cybergeo.revues.org/docannexe/image/25486/img-1-small480.jpg 
https://cybergeo.revues.org/docannexe/image/25486/img-3-small480.jpg 
https://cybergeo.revues.org/docannexe/image/25486/img-5-small480.jpg Si jamais, un article de B. Debarbieux sur von Humboldt :
▻https://cybergeo.revues.org/25486
Pour un scan complet et de belle qualité de cet atlas :
▻https://archive.org/details/HumboldtAlexanderVonKosmosAtlas1851224S.Scan
Herbert Bayer and his World Geo-Graphical Atlas
►http://www.codex99.com/design/the-world-geographical-atlas.html
On en découvre tous les jours. Ce matin au cours de ma demi-heure de recherche sur les précurseurs en cartographie, je découvre Herbert Bayer, élève du Bauhaus qui a commis cet ouvrage remarquablissime... avec une grosse influence Otto Neurath (entre autre).
À découvrir donc.
http://www.codex99.com/design/images/cca/atlas_future_detail.jpg 
http://www.codex99.com/design/images/cca/atlas_solar_sm.jpg 
http://www.codex99.com/design/images/cca/atlas_population_lg.jpg 
The World Geo-Graphical Atlas
Herbert Bayer and the CCA
Herbert Bayer (5 Apr 1900 – 30 Sep 1985) began his career studying archirecture under Georg Schmidthammer and later painting at the Darmstadt Artists’ Colony. Inspired by Walter Gropius’ Bauhaus manifesto, he enrolled in the Weimar Bauhaus and studied painting under Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee and László Moholy-Nagy. After passing his journeymans exam Gropius appointed him as the junior master of the newly-created typography workshop. Bayer spent three years on faculity at Dessau before starting his own design firm in Berlin.1
Bayer was among the last of the Bauhaus faculty to emigrate from Germany, leaving for New York only after his work was singled out by the Nazis in their infamous 1937 Degenerate Art Exhibition.
#cartographie #visualisation #isotype #otto_neurath #Herbert_Bayer #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
la #projection est drôlement intéressante aussi, c’est visiblement une Goode-Homolosine interrompue (ci-dessous), mais redécoupée pour « coller » Afrique et Amérique du Sud
The Surprising History of the Infographic | History | Smithsonian
▻http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/surprising-history-infographic-180959563
As the 2016 election approaches, we’re hearing a lot about “red states” and “blue states.” That idiom has become so ingrained that we’ve almost forgotten where it originally came from: a data visualization.
In the 2000 presidential election, the race between Al Gore and George W. Bush was so razor close that broadcasters pored over electoral college maps—which they typically colored red and blue. What’s more, they talked about those shadings. NBC’s Tim Russert wondered aloud how George Bush would “get those remaining 61 electoral red states, if you will,” and that language became lodged in the popular imagination. America became divided into two colors—data spun into pure metaphor. Now Americans even talk routinely about “purple” states, a mental visualization of political information.
#visualisation #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographie #xartographie_thématique
Chart-maker Biography :
▻http://infowetrust.com/specimen
Timeline bars to show you the lives of some of the most influential chart makers, in the style of Joseph Priestley’s 1765 redacted A Specimen of a Chart of Biography.
Joseph #Priestley was an 18th century English polymath (like so many early chart makers) and clergyman most famous for his discovery of oxygen. He was infamous for trying to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism. Priestley wrote histories of science and Christianity in an effort to reveal the progress of humanity. In addition to modernizing aspects of education (including valuing all people’s history), this effort also produced a series of wonderful charts. These were the first timeline charts in which individual bars were used to visualize the life span of a person. Thousands of famous people’s lives can be compared across 2,000 years:
#visualisation #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographes #cartographie #Humboldt
Population Cosmos :
▻http://infowetrust.com/humboldt
Stacked bars allow comparison across nations of the total number of early data visualization pioneers, in the style of a chart from Alexander von Humboldt’s 1811 Atlas Geographique Et Physique Du Royaume De La Nouvelle-Espagne (Geographic and Physical Atlas of the Kingdom of New Spain):
Rumsey Collection
#Alexander_von_Humboldt was a Prussian polymath famous for a scientific expedition to Latin America (1799-1804) which laid the foundation for modern biogeography and long term geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring. He was the first to explore the New World extensively with a modern scientific perspective. He came away from adventures through Venezuela, Cuba, the Andes, Mexico, and the United States, with a fortune of data collected using the most modern scientific instruments available. His quantitative methodology – which featured observation, precision, and the aesthetic ideals of Romanticism – became known as Humboldtian science.
In addition to the stacked bar chart featured here, Humboldt also constructed the first isothermal chart:
#visualisation #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographes #cartographie #Humboldt
Out of the Swamp: Adolphe Quetelet
▻http://infowetrust.com/swamp
Adolphe #Quetelet was a Belgian polymath who was influential in introducing statistical methods to the social sciences. A doctor in mathematics, he conceived and founded the Brussels Observatory, developed the body mass index scale, founded or co-founded several national and international statistical societies and journals, and presided over the first series of the International Statistical Congresses. He appropriated the term “social physics” to describe his investigation of the “average man” – statistical laws underling complex social phenomena such as crime, marriage, and suicide.
#visualisation #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographes #cartographie
sur Quételet, je te conseille les premiers chapitres de « The End of Average » de Todd Rose ▻https://aerbook.com/books/The_End_of_Average-14065-142389.html (la fin est moins intéressante)
je vais essayer de faire un billet sur mon blog sur les 2 ou 3 premiers chapitres, qui reprend juste l’histoire de « curse of dimensionality », le « fléau de la dimension »
> n=1e5
> d=10
> mean(apply(matrix(rnorm(d*n),n,d),1,function(x) sum(abs(x)<1)==d))
0.02204
When U.S. air force discovered the flaw of averages
In the early 1950s, a young lieutenant realized the fatal flaw in the cockpit design of U.S. air force jets. Todd Rose explains in an excerpt from his book, The End of Average.
▻https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2016/01/16/when-us-air-force-discovered-the-flaw-of-averages.html
Puper merci Arthur, je viens juste de découvrir son oeuvre et je suis fasciné (juste lu en diagonale quelques trucs). Je vais me jeter sur ls extraits que tu suggères !
Seeking #Minard
▻http://infowetrust.com/seeking-minard
Charles Joseph Minard was a French engineer famous for his depiction of Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow. He produced over 50 beautiful maps, most notably dozens that draped the flow of goods and people over geography. This article intentionally dives directly past the Moscow map and deep into a most surprising story of data visualization pioneering.
Minard composed almost all of his maps in retirement after completing a decorated career as an engineer and civil servant. A full biography is warranted, but the highlights of Minard’s professional career include studying as a teenager under Lagrange and Fourrier at the Ecole Polytechnique, taking part in many major public works projects, teaching at France’s premier civil engineering school (Ecole nationale des ponts et chaussée), being named to the National Order of the Legion of Honour and becoming the Inspector General of Bridges and Roads.
#visualisation #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographes #cartographie
#WEB_Du_Bois: retracing his attempt to challenge racism with data | Culture | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/14/web-du-bois-racism-data-paris-african-americans-jobs
Quelle merveille...
Any African American to be admitted to Harvard University in 1888 had to be exceptionally gifted. But that description doesn’t come close to capturing the talent of WEB Du Bois, a man who managed to write 21 books, as well as over 100 essays while being a professor and a relentless civil rights activist.
The 100 best nonfiction books: No 51 – The Souls of Black Folk by WEB Du Bois (1903)
Read more
Du Bois saw no trade-off between those pursuits – his scholarship was protest and his protest was scholarship. He deeply understood something that every activist scrawling a banner in Washington knows today – messaging matters.
#visualisation #racisme #états_unis #précurseurs #cartoexperiment
D’où vient la visualisation de données ? | Fabrice Sabatier PhD
►http://www.corp-lab.com/researchsabatier/project/242
Ce poster explore les disciplines ou professions des créateurs et théoriciens qui ont marqué l’histoire de la visualisation de données. Aux 18e et 19e siècles, visualiser des données sert à penser l’économie, à découvrir les causes de diffusion d’une maladie, à raconter la déroute militaire d’un empereur. Puis progressivement, des méthodes, des techniques, des principes et des théories vont s’accumuler et construire un corpus qui s’applique désormais à la représentation graphique de données ou à la datavisualisation. En 250 ans, la #visualisation_de_données passe de l’outil à la discipline.
The Golden Age of Statistical Graphics
▻http://www.sci.utah.edu/~kpotter/Library/Papers/friendly:2008:GASS
In this article I trace the origins of this period in terms of the infrastructure required to produce this explosive growth: recognition of the importance of systematic data collection by the state; the rise of statistical theory and statistical thinking; enabling developments of technology; and inventions of novel methods to portray statistical data. To illustrate, I describe some specific contributions that give rise to the appellation “Golden Age.”
Géographie et représentation visuelle des données... comme on en faisait en 1919.
Source : Atlas classique, Hachette, F. Schrader et L. Gallouedec, 1919.
