#prédiction

Belgium - Automating Society Report 2020
▻https://automatingsociety.algorithmwatch.org/report2020/belgium

Contextualization As a result of the different governments, and the different levels of government, in Belgium (Federal and Regional), several different strategies dealing with digitization emerged in 2018. In Flanders, this strategy is called Vlaanderen Radicaal Digitaal, while in the Walloon region, it is known as Plan Numerique. In 2015, the federal government launched a strategy called Digital Belgium, but this covered more than just ADM. In 2018, the Flemish government launched an (...)

#Accenture #Briefcam #algorithme #biométrie #éthique #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #vidéo-surveillance #[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données_(RGPD)[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR)[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR) #comportement (...)

##[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données__RGPD_[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_ ##discrimination ##enseignement ##pauvreté ##santé ##sport ##surveillance ##_ ##APD-Belgique ##AlgorithmWatch

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Automating Society Report 2020
▻https://automatingsociety.algorithmwatch.org

Life in the automated society : How automated decision-making systems became mainstream, and what to do about it On a cloudy August day in London, students were angry. They flocked to Parliament Square by the hundreds, in protest – their placards emblazoned with support for unusual allies : their teachers, and an even more unusual target : an algorithm. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools closed in March in the United Kingdom. With the virus still raging throughout Europe over the summer (...)

#algorithme #biométrie #technologisme #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #discrimination #enseignement #pauvreté #santé (...)

##pauvreté ##santé ##AlgorithmWatch

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How The Economist presidential forecast works
▻https://projects.economist.com/us-2020-forecast/president/how-this-works

https://cdn.economistdatateam.com/us-2020-forecast/promo/president/banner.png

conclusion logique de cette explication détaillée de l’approche bayésienne :

And if our stated probabilities do wind up diverging from the results, we will welcome the opportunity to learn from our mistakes and do better next time.

#sondage #prédiction #élection

Algorithmic Governmentality and the Death of Politics
▻https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/algorithmic-governmentality-and-the-death-of-politics

In recent years, the likes of the Cambridge Analytica scandal together with regulatory steps such as the EU’s GDPR data law have contributed to a swell in public awareness on the potential risks of big data and artificial intelligence. Privacy, however, is only the tip of the iceberg. We sat down with legal philosopher Antoinette Rouvroy to discuss her work on algorithmic governmentality and the profound transformation the neoliberal-driven tech revolution is catalysing in society and (...)

#CambridgeAnalytica/Emerdata #algorithme #[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données_(RGPD)[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR)[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR) #prédiction #BigData #GAFAM #profiling (...)

##CambridgeAnalytica/Emerdata ##[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données__RGPD_[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_ ##surveillance

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To Surveil and Predict
▻https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/To-Surveil-and-Predict.pdf

This report examines algorithmic technologies that are designed for use in criminal law enforcement systems. Algorithmic policing is an area of technological development that, in theory, is designed to enable law enforcement agencies to either automate surveillance or to draw inferences through the use of mass data processing in the hopes of predicting potential criminal activity. The latter type of technology and the policing methods built upon it are often referred to as predictive (...)

#algorithme #biométrie #géolocalisation #police #racisme #données #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #sexisme #biais #discrimination (...)

##CitizenLab

Targeted
▻https://projects.tampabay.com/projects/2020/investigations/police-pasco-sheriff-targeted/intelligence-led-policing

Pasco’s sheriff created a futuristic program to stop crime before it happens. It monitors and harasses families across the county. Pasco County Sheriff Chris Nocco took office in 2011 with a bold plan : to create a cutting-edge intelligence program that could stop crime before it happened. What he actually built was a system to continuously monitor and harass Pasco County residents, a Tampa Bay Times investigation has found. First the Sheriff’s Office generates lists of people it considers (...)

#algorithme #police #prédiction #harcèlement #surveillance #notation

If Then : How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future
▻https://bookshop.org/books/if-then-how-the-simulmatics-corporation-invented-the-future/9781631496103

The Simulmatics Corporation, launched during the Cold War, mined data, targeted voters, manipulated consumers, destabilized politics, and disordered knowledge—decades before Facebook, Google, and Cambridge Analytica. Jill Lepore, best-selling author of These Truths, came across the company’s papers in MIT’s archives and set out to tell this forgotten history, the long-lost backstory to the methods, and the arrogance, of Silicon Valley. Founded in 1959 by some of the nation’s leading social (...)

#CambridgeAnalytica/Emerdata #Simulmatics #algorithme #élections #prédiction #marketing #microtargeting #profiling (...)

##CambridgeAnalytica/Emerdata ##publicité

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The Anti-Democratic Origins of Voter Prediction
▻https://newrepublic.com/article/158821/jill-lepore-if-then-book-review-simulmatics-corporation-voter-election-

How the Simulmatics Corporation tried to engineer an election—and paved the way for the Cambridge Analytica scandal I’m always a bit relieved when a tech company’s algorithm seems to fall short of mind reading. It’s somewhat reassuring when a so-called smart ad displays hideous shoes I would never buy just because I once bought a different pair from the same brand, or when Facebook suggests I befriend a good friend’s ex, having determined that he’s in my extended orbit, but lacking the (...)

#algorithme #élections #prédiction #marketing #microtargeting #profiling #publicité #Simulmatics (...)

##publicité ##CambridgeAnalytica/Emerdata

The long, complicated history of “people analytics”
▻https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/19/1006365/if-then-lepore-review-simulmatics

If you work for Bank of America, or the US Army, you might have used technology developed by Humanyze. The company grew out of research at MIT’s cross-disciplinary Media Lab and describes its products as “science-backed analytics to drive adaptability.” If that sounds vague, it might be deliberate. Among the things Humanyze sells to businesses are devices for snooping on employees, such as ID badges with embedded RFID tags, near-field-communication sensors, and built-in microphones that track (...)

#BankofAmerica #Humanyze #USArmy #DoD #IBM #algorithme #capteur #RFID #militaire #compagnie #élections #prédiction #son #comportement #surveillance #travail (...)

##voix

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Technology has codified structural racism – will the EU tackle racist tech ?
▻https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/technology-has-codified-structural-racism-will-the-eu-tackle-racist-tech

The EU is preparing its ‘Action Plan’ to address structural racism in Europe. With digital high on the EU’s legislative agenda, it’s time we tackle racism perpetuated by technology, writes Sarah Chander. Sarah Chander is a senior policy adviser at European Digital Rights (EDRi), a network of 44 digital rights organisations in Europe. 2020 is the year the EU ‘woke up’ to structural racism. The murder of George Floyd on the 25th May spurred global uprisings, penetrating even the EU’s political (...)

#Microsoft #IBM #algorithme #biométrie #criminalité #migration #police #racisme #technologisme #prédiction #sexisme #BigData #LGBT #discrimination #profiling (...)

##criminalité ##surveillance

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Technology Can’t Predict Crime, It Can Only Weaponize Proximity to Policing
▻https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/09/technology-cant-predict-crime-it-can-only-weaponize-proximity-policing

In June 2020, Santa Cruz, California became the first city in the United States to ban municipal use of predictive policing, a method of deploying law enforcement resources according to data-driven analytics that supposedly are able to predict perpetrators, victims, or locations of future crimes. Especially interesting is that Santa Cruz was one of the first cities in the country to experiment with the technology when it piloted, and then adopted, a predictive policing program in 2011. That (...)

#Palantir #Predpol #algorithme #racisme #criminalité #justice #prédiction #discrimination #EFF (...)

##criminalité ##technologisme

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Montpellier
▻https://technopolice.fr/montpellier

Police prédictive et « Observatoire de la tranquillité publique » À Montpellier, comme à Marseille ou Frontignan, il existe un « Observatoire local de la tranquillité publique » (OLTP). Celui-ci est rattaché ici au Conseil Local de Sécurité et de Prévention de la Délinquance (CLSPD). Cet observatoire est en charge de créer un outil “d’aide à la prise de décision et un appui au management de l’action préventive et sécuritaire”, à travers la collecte et la cartographie des “incidents relevés” ainsi que (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #cartographie #police #prédiction #vidéo-surveillance #surveillance #LaQuadratureduNet #Technopolice (...)

##technologisme

Angèle Christin : « Les méthodes ethnographiques nuancent l’idée d’une justice prédictive et entièrement automatisée »
▻https://linc.cnil.fr/angele-christin-les-methodes-ethnographiques-nuancent-lidee-dune-justice-p

A partir de ses travaux sur les algorithmes prédictifs dans la justice pénale aux États-Unis, la sociologue Angèle Christin présente les apports des approches ethnographiques pour étudier les « algorithmes en pratique ». Ceux-ci nuancent les effets des algorithmes en les replaçant dans leurs contextes organisationnels et en mettant en évidence les résistances dont ils font l’objet. Les institutions pénales aux Etats-Unis connaissent depuis quelques années une multiplication des usages d’algorithmes (...)

#algorithme #racisme #justice #prédiction #biais #discrimination #pauvreté #CNIL

##pauvreté

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Does Facebook Still Sell Discriminatory Ads ?
▻https://themarkup.org/ask-the-markup/2020/08/25/does-facebook-still-sell-discriminatory-ads

In May, a Wisconsin health care agency, Tenderness Health Care, posted a job ad on Facebook looking for personal care workers. According to Facebook’s “Why am I seeing this ad” pop-up, when the agency purchased the ad, it asked Facebook to not show it to anyone over 54 years of age. And they asked Facebook to show it specifically to people who have “African American multicultural affinity.” Facebook, apparently, complied. The problem ? Federal law prohibits employers from discriminating on the (...)

#Facebook #algorithme #racisme #recrutement #biais #discrimination #travail #prédiction (...)

##publicité

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Des algorithmes pour prédire l’impact des influenceurs
▻https://www.ictjournal.ch/news/2020-08-24/des-algorithmes-pour-predire-limpact-des-influenceurs

L’agence de communication lausannoise Trio propose depuis juin un service de prédiction des performances et des retombées des campagnes de marketing d’influence, qui s’appuie sur Predictor, une solution carburant à l’IA. Depuis juin, l’agence de communication Trio dispose d’un outil carburant à l’IA et capable de calculer les performances et retombées d’une campagne de marketing d’influence avant même de l’avoir lancée. Du nom de Predictor, la solution a été développée par la start-up zurichoise (...)

#algorithme #marketing #prédiction

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The full force of the state
▻https://aboutintel.eu/predictive-policing-context

Trial after trial is showing that there is no clear relationship between the use of predictive policing tools and crime reduction. Yet, many police forces still jump on the bandwagon, not wanting to appear unmodern, curious for new policing technologies, or simply falling prey to sales pitches. Across Europe, predictive policing has also been the result of political crises which gave rise to more interventionist, and at times racialised notions of security. With the risk of increased (...)

#criminalité #police #racisme #prédiction #discrimination

##criminalité

https://aboutintel.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Fieke-1024x576.jpg

Paris
▻https://technopolice.fr/paris

Projet « Safe City » En mars 2017, il a été annoncé que la société Thalès voulait implémenter à La Défense sa solution « Safe City », également développée à Nice, pour en faire « le quartier d’affaires le plus sûr du monde ». Les technologies annoncées sont les suivantes : « caméras prédictives, détecteurs de coups de feu, capteurs de température ou encore détecteurs de présence » ainsi qu’un « logiciel de traitement intelligent de l’image qui permettra d’optimiser les bandes-vidéo captées par l’une des 1 200 (...)

#Axone #RATP #Thalès #algorithme #capteur #CCTV #drone #smartphone #biométrie #aérien #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #vidéo-surveillance #comportement #mouvement #surveillance #ConseilConstitutionnel-FR #LaQuadratureduNet #LDH-France (...)

##Technopolice

Roubaix
▻https://technopolice.fr/roubaix

Description Le 16 janvier 2020, la ville de Roubaix a inauguré un nouvel hôtel de police ainsi qu’un nouveau CSU (pour « centre de supervision urbain »). Outre des écrans géants afin de surveiller au plus près les citoyen·ne·s de la ville, ses 123 caméras de vidéosurveillance ou encore les nouveaux locaux de 100 mètres carré, la ville de Roubaix a investi dans un logiciel d’intelligence artificiel de la société Briefcam. Cette vidéosurveillance automatisée (VSA), comme à Marseille, Toulouse ou (...)

#Briefcam #algorithme #CCTV #verbalisation #vidéo-surveillance #prédiction #enfants #surveillance #LaQuadratureduNet (...)

##Technopolice

In machines we trust
▻https://forms.technologyreview.com/in-machines-we-trust

Don’t believe everything you hear. Some of the most important decisions in our lives are being made by artificial intelligence, determining things like who gets into college, lands a job, receives social services, or goes to jail—often without us having any clue. In season one of In Machines We Trust, host Jennifer Strong and the team at MIT Technology Review explore the powerful ways that AI is shaping modern life. We’ll meet a man who was wrongfully arrested after an algorithm led police (...)

#santé #pauvreté #enseignement #recrutement #reconnaissance #prédiction #justice #facial #police #biométrie (...)

##santé ##pauvreté ##algorithme

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Real corporate accountability for surveillance capitalism with Shoshana Zuboff and Chris Gilliard
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FX2g6xPeftA&list=PLprTandRM961s376IH8TmvbThcxjfPNwL&index=8&t=0s

In conversation with Shoshana Zuboff, Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita at Harvard Business School, and author of The Age of Surveillance Capitalism ; and Chris Gilliard, Professor of English at Macomb Community College. Facilitators include Joe Westby, researcher and advisor at Amnesty International ; and Nathalie Marechal, Senior Policy Analyst at Ranking Digital Rights. In 2014, Shoshana Zuboff coined the term “surveillance capitalism” to describe the now-ubiquitous business model (...)

#surveillance #santé #BigData #reconnaissance #prédiction #facial #données #biométrie (...)

##santé ##algorithme

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Mathematicians Boycott Police Work
▻https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/math/a32957375/mathematicians-boycott-predictive-policing

Some academics are calling the controversial practice a “scientific veneer for racism.” Mathematicians at universities across the country are halting collaborations with police departments across the U.S. A June 15 letter was sent to the trade journal Notices of the American Mathematical Society, announcing the boycott. Typically, mathematicians work with police departments to build algorithms, conduct modeling work, and analyze data. Several prominent academic mathematicians want to (...)

#algorithme #police #prédiction #biais #lutte #racisme #discrimination

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Swiss police automated crime predictions but has little to show for it
▻https://algorithmwatch.org/en/story/swiss-predictive-policing

A review of 3 automated systems in use by the Swiss police and judiciary reveals serious issues. Real-world effects are impossible to assess due to a lack of transparency. The Swiss police and justice authorities use, by one count, over 20 different automated systems to estimate or predict inappropriate behavior. Police and justice are largely regional competencies in Switzerland ; each Canton might have its own systems in place. Based on a series of reports by the Swiss public service (...)

#algorithme #criminalité #prédiction #discrimination #prison #AlgorithmWatch

##criminalité

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Aux Etats-Unis, des profils ADN très peu confidentiels
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2018/06/09/aux-etats-unis-des-profils-adn-tres-peu-confidentiels_5312037_3232.html

Les résultats des tests « maison », dont raffolent les particuliers américains, forment de colossales bases de données génétiques. Si mal protégées que même la police s’en sert… Joseph James DeAngelo et William Earl Talbott II n’avaient sans doute jamais entendu ­parler de GEDmatch. Située en Floride, cette ­entreprise de taille modeste spécialisée dans les recherches généalogiques n’avait non plus jamais eu affaire à eux. A la surprise générale et à leur insu, leurs routes se sont pourtant croisées ces (...)

#FamilyTreeDNA #AncestryDNA #23andMe #GEDmatch #MyHeritage #génétique #police #données #prédiction #BigData #hacking #santé (...)

##santé ##AfricanAncestry

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La police prédictive progresse en France. Exigeons son interdiction !
▻https://technopolice.fr/blog/la-police-predictive-progresse-en-france-exigeons-son-interdiction

Pendant que les dispositifs de police prédictive (comme PredPol) commencent à être interdits ou abandonnés aux États-Unis, la police française et plusieurs collectivités continuent à acheter et utiliser des équivalents français, à l’image de « Map Révélation » proposé par l’entreprise angevine « Sûreté Globale ». Cela au détriment des risques de discriminations qu’impliquent ces logiciels de surveillance, et en l’absence même de toute preuve de leur intérêt. Comme pour la reconnaissance faciale, les logiciels de (...)

#algorithme #Predpol #police #racisme #technologisme #données #prédiction #biais #BigData #discrimination #CNIL #LaQuadratureduNet (...)

##Technopolice

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Automating Inequality - Virginia Eubanks
▻https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250074317

A powerful investigative look at data-based discrimination—and how technology affects civil and human rights and economic equity The State of Indiana denies one million applications for healthcare, foodstamps and cash benefits in three years—because a new computer system interprets any mistake as “failure to cooperate.” In Los Angeles, an algorithm calculates the comparative vulnerability of tens of thousands of homeless people in order to prioritize them for an inadequate pool of housing (...)

#algorithme #racisme #prédiction #sexisme #discrimination #finance #notation #pauvreté #santé (...)

##pauvreté ##santé ##travail