#precurseurs

Histoire de la cartographie du XXe siècle : Visionscarto publie ce matin la version française d’un remarquable opus de Gilles Palsky publié initialement en anglais, qui explore l’œuvre de deux cartographes radicaux avant l’heure, Frank Horrabin, socialiste britannique, et Alexander Radó, communiste hongrois.

Des cartes pour dénoncer l’impérialisme

▻https://www.visionscarto.net/es-cartes-pour-denoncer-l-imperialisme

par Gilles Palsky, Professeur de géographie
université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne

« Horrabin et Radó envisageaient les cartes comme des outils permettant de dénoncer et de combattre l’impérialisme bourgeois. Ils présentaient leurs travaux comme des projets nouveaux, différents des atlas ordinaires, qu’ils voulaient ancrés dans l’actualité et offrant des approches dynamiques. »

https://www.visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L1024xH775/Fig_5-97e9bd53-4a79b-82a14.jpg?1714216259 https://www.visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L1024xH751/Fig-7-2eed0f17-9748a-ecf21.jpg?1714216259 https://www.visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L1024xH663/palsky-8-a6aadee8-baa4e-1543c.jpg?1714627152 https://www.visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L348xH500/palsky-1-453140d3-28b06-c0c4f.jpg?1714593183 https://www.visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L822xH611/palsky-9-d8a63103-998b0-827f2.jpg?1714629813

#cartographie_radicale #précurseurs #rado #horrabin #histoire_de_la_cartographie

György Markos and His Pictorial Information Graphics
▻https://nightingaledvs.com/gyorgy-markos-and-his-pictorial-information-graphics

The Hungarian Marxist, self-made geographer, and economist György Markos (1902–1976) was not the first to introduce #ISOTYPE to the Hungarian public, but he was the..

#Data_Visualization #Gyorgy_Markos #Historic_Dataviz #Hungary #pictorial_statistics

Race and America: why data matters | Financial Times

▻https://www.ft.com/content/156f770a-1d77-4f6b-8616-192fb58e3735

https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2F4cb54a37-1eda-40aa-a25b-4dd3d9a8c1e8.jpg?fit=scale-down&source=next&width=400

When Yeshimabeit Milner was in sixth grade in Miami, Florida she was suspended for three days after talking back to the teacher in a technology class. Milner was devastated — but the episode also led to an epiphany. A few years later, she began to collect data on suspensions in a neighbouring school and found that black children like her were four times more likely to be suspended than white children. This was the beginning of her life as a data activist.

–—

Black students in US nearly four times as likely to be suspended as white students | US education | The Guardian

▻http://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/jun/08/us-education-survey-race-student-suspensions-absenteeism

lack students are nearly four times as likely to be suspended as white students, according to new federal data.The sweeping bi-annual survey of more than 50 million students by the US Department of Education found that suspensions overall have dramatically decreased by nearly 20% between the 2011-12 and 2013-14 school years.

–---

W.E.B. Du Bois’ Visionary Infographics Come Together for the First Time in Full Color | History | Smithsonian Magazine
▻https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/first-time-together-and-color-book-displays-web-du-bois-visionary-in

https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/jR3nsGP8Q17v9O3xwP8sTfYBcFM=/fit-in/1600x0/filters:focal(1223x1116:1224x1117)/https://public-media.si-cdn.com/filer/3b/22/3b22a3d0-0a6f-42fb-a1d6-58019a3d9312/11_33873a_city_and_rural_population_18901.png

fter three decades of emancipation, the gains made by African-Americans, those that existed at all, presented a decidedly mixed picture about the state of racial progress in the country. The political obstacles were voluminous, with the failure of Reconstruction still lingering, and Jim Crow institutional racism ascendant. In 1897, the United States Supreme Court would rule in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate was indeed equal. All the while, new generations of African-Americans found ways to uplift themselves, despite discrimination, through grassroots efforts in education, work and community building.

#WEB_du_Bois #cartoexperiment #précurseurs

When #WEB_Du_Bois Made a Laughingstock of a White Supremacist | The New Yorker

Époustouflant ...

▻https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/26/when-w-e-b-du-bois-made-a-laughingstock-of-a-white-supremacist

https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5d55c5980a38b90008fe2e11/16:9/w_1280,c_limit/190826_r34810-tout.jpg

W. E. B. Du Bois, the twentieth century’s leading black intellectual, once lived at 3059 Villa Avenue, in the Bronx. He moved to a small rented house there with his wife, Nina Gomer Du Bois, and their daughter, Yolande, in about 1912. When I’m walking in that borough I sometimes stop by the site. It’s just off Jerome Avenue, not far from the Bedford Park subway station. The anchor business at that intersection seems to be the Osvaldo #5 Barber Shop, which flies pennants advertising services for sending money to Africa and to Bangladesh. All kinds of people pass by. You hear Spanish and Chinese and maybe Hausa spoken on the street. The first time I went to Du Bois’s old address, I wondered if I might find a plaque, but the house is gone, and 3059 Villa is now part of a fenced-in parking lot. Maple and locust trees shade the front stoops, and residents wait at eight-twenty on Tuesday mornings to move their cars for the street-sweeping truck. A fire hydrant drips, slowly enlarging a hole in the sidewalk. Even unmemorialized, 3059 Villa is a not-unpleasant spot from which to contemplate the great man’s life.

About a forty-minute walk away is the Bronx Zoo. In 1912, it was called the New York Zoological Park, and it was run by a patrician named Madison Grant from an old New York family. Though he and Du Bois lived and worked within a few miles of each other for decades, I don’t know if the two ever met. As much as anyone on the planet, Grant was Du Bois’s natural enemy. Grant favored a certain type of white man over all other kinds of humans, on a graded scale of disapproval, and he reserved his vilest ill wishes and contempt for blacks.

#précurseurs #cartoexperiment

La ligne de couleur de W.E.B. Du Bois : un savoir de résistance
▻https://www.en-attendant-nadeau.fr/2020/01/14/savoir-resistance-du-bois

https://enattendantnadeau-11dcb.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dubois-2-categorie.jpg

Après la publication à l’automne par les éditions de La Découverte d’une première traduction (enfin, serait-on tenté de dire) de sa célèbre enquête The Philadelphia Negro, parue en 1899, un nouveau pas dans le dévoilement au public francophone de l’incontournable œuvre de W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) est franchi par les éditions B42, avec la traduction d’un ouvrage relatif à l’exposition « Des Nègres d’Amérique », réalisée par l’auteur africain-états-unien en 1900 pour l’Exposition universelle de Paris.

#WEB_du_bois #cartographie #précurseurs #cartoexperiments

How the Victorians Mapped London’s Cholera – Spatial.ly
▻https://spatial.ly/2019/03/mapping-and-visualising-cholera-data

https://spatial.ly/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cholera_bar.jpg

It is, of course, John Snow who is credited with using maps to demonstrate that the clusters of deaths from cholera in London’s Soho during London’s 1854 outbreak were caused by contaminated water. This marked a major shift in thinking away from the disease being transmitted through dirty air: the more widely accepted theory at the time.

However, it wasn’t just Snow producing innovative maps and charts to support his cause. Snow was part of an arms race to get the best data communicated by the most compelling maps/ charts, to evidence his side of the debate against his contemporaries – people like William Farr who was also a master data visualiser.

The Wellcome Collection’s image catalogue contains many great examples of maps and charts produced around the 1850s . These images are high resolution and free to use under a CC-BY 4.0 license. Most have very little information associated with them, but I think many are worth sharing because they such amazing examples of Victorian data visualisation. I have pasted them here with the catalogue details where they have them (in no particular order). I’ve included the original links back to the high resolution image in the collection. Enjoy!

#cartographie #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

The Pioneering Maps of #Alexander_von_Humboldt | History | Smithsonian

▻https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/pioneering-maps-alexander-von-humboldt-180973342

https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/Lf-AM-0eQhCo9DMfPEnmgUunwKk=/fit-in/1600x0/filters:focal(1157x1514:1158x1515)/https://public-media.si-cdn.com/filer/96/81/9681f8b5-3026-42fe-acb1-7eca1a5cbe1c/wikicommons-geographie_der_pflanzen_cropped.jpg

The German naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt was one of the most celebrated scientists of the 19th century. In 1869, on the 100th anniversary of his birth, 25,000 people gathered in New York’s Central Park to listen to speeches extolling his accomplishments and witness the unveiling of a large bronze bust of Humboldt, who had died ten years earlier. Flags and enormous posters showing Humboldt’s face lined the streets of Manhattan. Similar celebrations took place around the world—in Berlin, Humboldt’s birthplace, 80,000 admirers gathered in the chilly rain to listen to eulogies and songs sung in his honor.

It’s hard to imagine any modern scientist achieving such celebrity, and now, 250 years after his birth, Humboldt himself has largely been forgotten by the general public. But as historian Andrea Wulf wrote in her 2015 biography of Humboldt, The Invention of Nature, his scientific legacy lives on in scores of geographic features and place names, from a glacier in Greenland to a mountain range in Antarctica. (The state of Nevada was almost named Humboldt, Wulf writes.) The Latin names of nearly 300 plants and more than 100 animals pay homage to him, including the aggressive, predatory Humboldt squid, which can grow up to eight feet long and weigh 100 pounds.

#cartoexperiment #cartographie #précurseurs

From the Battlefield to Basketball: A Data Visualization Journey with Florence Nightingale
▻https://medium.com/nightingale/from-the-battlefield-to-basketball-a-data-visualization-journey-with-florenc

https://miro.medium.com/max/2000/1*yA1TZ06aWm-vlmUrGkU9rQ.jpeg

1858, Florence Nightingale published a study on the conditions of army hospitals, her seminal Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army. Her Diagram of the Causes of Mortality had a singular goal: to vividly demonstrate that the lack of proper sanitary caretaking facilities was a far more severe, but also far more avoidable, cause of death for soldiers than injuries suffered in battle. It’s one thing to simply state that the disease killed a lot of soldiers. It’s another thing entirely to effectively and actionably juxtapose it against the casualties encountered at the hands of the opposing army.

–—

Beyond Nightingale: Being a Woman in Data Visualization
▻https://medium.com/nightingale/beyond-nightingale-being-a-woman-in-data-visualization-d7968d171ccf

https://miro.medium.com/max/1200/1*e-agrluocCFHnZ3e_-ymnQ.png

you conduct a quick internet search on “history of data visualization,” you’ll nearly always see Florence Nightingale included in the annals of history. Why? It’s not like a Nightingale Rose chart is easy to read, or a cinch to make, or even all that common.

#visualisation #cartographie #précurseurs #précurseuses #datavisualisation #visualisation_de_données #Florence_Nightingale #féminisme

African American Photographs Assembled for 1900 Paris Exposition -

Du Bois Materials - Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (Library of Congress)

▻http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/anedub/dubois.html

Ce lien pointe sur une époustouflante collection d’images, de figures, de photographies qui ont été réunies par #W.E.B_Du_Bois lui même, pour l’exposition "« The American Negro » présenté à Paris en 1900 lors de l’exposition universelle.

http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/33800/33878v.jpg http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/33800/33884v.jpg

▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exhibit_of_American_Negroes

▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)

At the turn of the century, W. E. B. Du Bois compiled a series of photographs for the “American Negro” exhibit at the 1900 Paris Exposition. He organized the 363 images into albums, entitled Types of American Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. and Negro Life in Georgia, U.S.A..

At the time, Du Bois was a professor of sociology at Atlanta University, committed to combating racism with empirical evidence of the economic, social, and cultural conditions of African Americans. He believed that a clear revelation of the facts of African American life and culture would challenge the claims of biological race scientists influential at the time, which proposed that African Americans were inherently inferior to Anglo-Americans. The photographs of affluent young African American men and women challenged the scientific “evidence” and popular racist caricatures of the day that ridiculed and sought to diminish African American social and economic success. Further, the wide range of hair styles and skin tones represented in the photographs demonstrated that the so-called “Negro type” was in fact a diverse group of distinct individuals. The one public statement Du Bois made concerning these photographs was that visitors to the American Negro exhibit would find "several volumes of photographs of typical Negro faces, which hardly square with conventional American ideas."1

Du Bois’s work for the American Negro exhibit was extensive and much praised. In the Spring of 1900, Paris Exposition judges awarded him a gold medal for his role as “collaborator” and “compiler” of materials for the exhibit.

#cartographie #précurseurs #visualisation #cartoexperiment

« Quand William Playfair voulait dépecer la France ! »

Signalé sur Twitter par Michael Friendly @datavisFriendly

A little known Playfair map: “A map of France with the proposed divisions”, 1793.

William Playfair proposes dividing France and giving pieces to its neighbors.

Found in: John Delaney’s “First X, Then Y, Now Z”, p. 143.

https://dl.dropbox.com/s/llmgyc4dw9pxe6l/DuTUwToXcAE6TkL.jpg%20large.jpg?dl=0

#cartoexperiement #cartographie #william_playfair #précurseurs #frontières #territoires

W. E. B. Du Bois’s Data Portraits

▻http://www.papress.com/html/product.details.dna?isbn=9781616897062

http://www.papress.com/17pix/480covers/9781616897062.jpg

The colorful charts, graphs, and maps presented at the 1900 Paris Exposition by famed sociologist and black rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois offered a view into the lives of black Americans, conveying a literal and figurative representation of “the color line.” From advances in education to the lingering effects of slavery, these prophetic infographics—beautiful in design and powerful in content—make visible a wide spectrum of black experience.

W. E. B. Du Bois’s Data Portraits collects the complete set of graphics in full color for the first time, making their insights and innovations available to a contemporary imagination. As Maria Popova wrote, these data portraits shaped how “Du Bois himself thought about sociology, informing the ideas with which he set the world ablaze three years later in The Souls of Black Folk.”

#WEB_Du_Bois #visualisation #états-Unis #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

Une conférence en 1885, picorée sur Twitter

via RJ Andrews alias @infowetrust qui nous offre ces incroyables documents historiques

Set the time machine for 1885 London. Holy mackerel what a program.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DjpCOOoUwAA7voo.jpg

Over the next day or so I’ll be sharing my reading of the international event that was the golden Jubilee celebration of the Statistical Society, with a special eye for the “Graphic Method of Statistics”

Who was there? ?? Galton! ?? Toussant Loua (the shaded table)! ?? Francis A Walker (visual Census)!

I’m going right to these ~hundred pgs, all loaded with viz.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DjptrI-VsAEuIzB.jpg

the President intro weighs the reasoning for statistics being a science. I really like this bit.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Djp5ocbU4AAHEiO.jpg:large

Avec ces remarques et ajouts :

Mara Averick @dataandme dit :

« Fun fact: The @royalsociety was founded in 1660. The first female Fellows (2 of them) were elected in 1945. Interesting @nature article about how its gone since came out in March: ▻https://buff.ly/2JFXXzW (ht @Fausto_Sterling) / apologies for binarification – their data / »

... et a retweeté from DynamicWebPaige @$HOME :

“It is these activities that lead to giving conferenc[e], talks, and groups like @RLadiesGlobal should promote more female participation in them. We all know some outstanding women in those activities, but to truly solve the problem, many more women need to get involved.”

#cartoexperiment #cartographie statistiques #précurseurs #data

visionscarto.net publie - sous la plume d’Alexandre Chollier - un bel hommage qui évoque un intellectuel « multicarte », autant biologiste que géographe, urbaniste que sociologue ou écologiste : Patrick Geddes ->

La vision grandeur nature ou la raison d’être de l’Outlook Tower

►https://visionscarto.net/la-vision-grandeur-nature

Alexandre Chollier écrit :

« Jamais, à l’évidence, les cartes n’ont atteint pareil degré de précision qu’aujourd’hui. Jamais elles n’ont été si nombreuses et accessibles. Un désir insatiable de tout cartographier s’est emparé de nous et sans vergogne nous y succombons. »

« [...] Les cartes sont partout, la cartographie [est] en train de nous échapper [...] parce que les conventions cartographiques (projections, échelles, légendes...) sont de moins en moins connues [des utilisateurs·trices] et cela rend malaisée l’élaboration de savoirs cartographiques communs et partagés. »

« Le but de la cartographie de type Google n’est pas tant de donner à voir et à situer que d’emmagasiner et de digérer en continu, algorithmiquement, des données personnelles afin de prédire des comportements. »

« Cette cartographie tire profit du moindre de nos gestes, archivant et analysant chaque byte d’information que nous générons, produisant des cartes de notre vie intime et sociale. »

La suite là :

►https://visionscarto.net/la-vision-grandeur-nature

https://visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L1024xH641/40863775854_4615-2ffc3.jpg?1525279270 https://visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L958xH977/40985145195_5b68-8ac59.jpg?1525434274

#cartographie #patrick_geddes #cartoexperiment #précurseurs #utopie #imaginaire

A tribute to #Florence_Nightingale

via RJ Andrews @infowetrust sur Twitter

Mortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Da_-BMCU8AAf446.jpg:large

Mortality of the British army : at home and abroad, and during the Russian war, as compared with the mortality of the civil population in England ; illustrated by tables and diagrams
Publication date 1858
Topics Mortality, Military Medicine, Military Personnel
Publisher London : Printed by Harrison and Sons, Martin’s Lane
Collection nightingale; cdl; biomed; americana
Digitizing sponsor Internet Archive
Contributor University of California Libraries
Language English
“Reprinted from the Report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the Regulations affecting the Sanitary State of the Army.”

►https://archive.org/details/mortalityofbriti00lond

▻https://archive.org/services/img/mortalityofbriti00lond

#visualisation #sémiologie #précurseures (?) #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

Carte de la production, de la circulation, de la consommation des minerais et de la production des metaux en Belgique - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection

▻https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~303650~90074096:Carte-de-la-production,-de-la-circu

Color map of Belgium 73x87, dissected into 24 sections of 18x14, backed with linen. Showing production, circulation, consumption of minerals and the production of metals in Belgium during 1878. Includes color coded signs showing production, consumption and transportation of minerals, and Table of mines, minerals, factories and production of iron, zinc, lead, copper or pyrite minerals in 1878. Map showing cities, villages, roads, railroads, rivers, canals, etc. Includes legend and text. This flow diagram was likely influenced by the work of #Charles_Joseph_Minard.

#cartographie #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

L’atlas uniprojectionnel de Joseph-Victor Barbier : une utopie cartographique, par Alexandre Chollier
▻https://visionscarto.net/atlas-uniprojectionnel-barbier

https://visionscarto.net/local/cache-vignettes/L2500xH2253/37241086604_3e70-3799f.jpg?1509352610

À l’automne 1895, c’est ainsi un géographe au faîte de son activité intellectuelle qui écrit à Reclus. Cette lettre paraît à Nancy dans le Bulletin de la Société de géographie de l’Est. Au vu de son importance, je la retranscris en entier

#Précurseurs #Atlas #Projections #histoire #utopie

Heroes of Visualization: John Snow, H.W. Acland, and the Mythmaking Problem | | Peachpit

►http://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2048358

http://www.peachpit.com/content/images/art_cairo_cholera/elementLinks/Figure2_film.jpg

#John_Snow, Movie Star

John Snow’s myth is one of a rebel scientist of humble origins fighting against ingrained prejudices. I won’t bore you with the details of his tale, as it has been beautifully narrated elsewhere3. Let me just offer a brief summary: In the nineteenth century, cholera was a disease that killed many thousands a year. Today, we know that cholera is caused by a bacteria—Vibrio cholerae—which has been shaped by evolution to spread itself in a devilish manner: It provokes severe vomiting and diarrhea. If its victims live very close to each other and they don’t have access to adequate sanitary conditions, it is likely that the fluids they release will contaminate sources of water or food.

#cartoexperiment #cartographie #précurseurs

Damier géographique (breveté s. g. d. g.) : Les Alliés : Nouveau jeu de guerre (1916)
▻http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530644988

http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530644988/f1.medres#.jpg

#carte #jeu #guerre

(vue ce midi à la Map Fair de San Francisco)

Deux siècles de contributions cartographiques à l’analyse des interactions spatiales par les flux

▻https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518424/document

Par Françoise Bahoken

L’idée qui consiste à représenter graphiquement des données quantitatives trouve son origine au XVIIème siècle, dans les travaux de William Playfair considéré comme l’inventeur de la statistique graphique. Il faudra toutefois attendre la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle pour voir apparaître les premières cartes portant sur des flux agrégés, qu’ils soient affectés (flux matériels) ou non (flux immatériels) sur réseaux. En effet, si la cartographie chorophète s’est développée dans un premier temps, la situation apparemment secondaire de la cartographie de flux tiendrait dans la difficulté de sa construction et celle de la mobilisation de données complexes. Elle réside moins dans la manipulation d’un outil, que dans la méconnaissance des méthodes pouvant être mises en oeuvre, quelle que soit l’époque considérée. Outre les questions liées au support de la représentation, la difficulté de réalisation d’une carte de flux émane surtout de la capacité à résoudre les problèmes inhérents à l’appréhension d’un objet complexe : une matrice de flux agrégés dans l’espace, le temps et à sa représentation. Cette complexité intrinsèque à l’objet se traduit par la concomitance de plusieurs composantes (spatiales, sociales ou thématiques, et temporelles) dont l’articulation nécessite de faire des choix quant à la logique de raisonnement à mettre en oeuvre, aux méthodes et outils à mobiliser compte tenu de la sémantique (flux, mouvement) et du type de flux (commerciaux, financier, migratoire...). Ces différentes contraintes n’étant pas, dans l’ensemble, nouvelles, certaines d’entre elles ont pu être résolues au cours du temps, à mesure que se développait l’analyse des interactions spatiales. L’objectif de cette communication est de présenter la contribution de l’analyse cartographique des flux (et des mouvements) au domaine de l’analyse spatiale. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une mise en perspective de l’évolution de la figure de la carte de flux en six grandes périodes (1836-2016) que nous considérons représentatives d’une (r)évolution dans la manière de penser, de faire (émergence d’une méthode ou d’un procédé) et de donner à voir les motifs de flux sur une carte. En la matière et probablement plus qu’ailleurs, l’innovation méthodologique est indéniablement le reflet d’une époque, de ses acquis théoriques et des possibilités techniques permettant leur validation empirique. Elle participe pleinement de la réponse, apportée par les géographes, aux critiques qui leur sont formulées dans la première moitié du XXème siècle à savoir : un renforcement de la prise en compte des mouvements spatiaux dans l’analyse géographique, a fortiori dans leur représentation. La recherche géographique a ainsi pu identifier différents types de mouvements, de flux et autres circulations dont il a bien fallu modéliser les processus et représenter graphiquement les motifs principaux ou significatifs, par le truchement de variables visuelles. La présentation de ces six périodes sera par ailleurs réalisée au prisme d’une classification des méthodes de cartographie de flux réalisée en fonction des principaux types de matrices.

#cartographie #histoire #sémiologie #sémantique #flux #circulation #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

Statistical chart from the end of 19th century

▻http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/09/digital-public-library-maps_n_5549723.html

http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1887988/thumbs/o-1897-900.jpg?1

This was Rand McNally’s highwater mark for its 19th century atlases. No obvious changes from the 1896 edition. Similar to the 1897 Standard Atlas of the World. Vol 1 - Foreign Countries, Vol 2 - United States. Map in full printed color. Atlas is bound in green cloth covers with ’The Rand-McNally indexed atlas of the world . Foreign countries’ and ’... United States’ stamped in gilt on Volumes 1 and 2, respectively. 1897.

#cartoexperiment #précurseurs #cartographie_historique #visualisation #sémiologie

The Underappreciated Man Behind the “Best Graphic Ever Produced”
▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/charles-minard-cartography-infographics-history

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/news/2017/03/14/map_post_minard/01_map_post_minard.ngsversion.1489685404071.adapt.1900.1.jpg

Charles Joseph Minard’s name is synonymous with an outstanding 1869 graphic depicting the horrific loss of life that Napoleon’s army suffered in 1812 and 1813, during its invasion of Russia and subsequent retreat. The graphic (below), which is often referred to simply as “Napoleon’s March” or “the Minard graphic,” rose to its prominent position in the pantheon of data visualizations largely thanks to praise from one of the field’s modern giants, Edward Tufte. In his 1983 classic text, “The Visual Display of Quantitative Information,” Tufte declared that Napoleon’s March “may well be the best statistical graphic ever produced.”

#minard #cartographie #visualisation #sémiologie #précurseurs #cartoexperiment

The Long Hunger Strike (Against Slavery) – The situation
▻http://www.nicholasmirzoeff.com/bio/the-long-hunger-strike-against-slavery

https://i2.wp.com/www.nicholasmirzoeff.com/bio/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Brookes.jpg?fit=564%2C419

These posts are difficult to write and I’m sure they are difficult to read. By measuring the time taken to write–or to read–it is possible enter the symbolic world created by the hunger strike, a world in which existence matters. It is the force of the statement made by the strike that enables this fragmentary sliver of participation. It is their gift to those in solidarity, the hospitality of those utterly without resource. Like all gifts, it invokes a response, the taking of the time to feel for an instant the stakes of their action.

For a hunger strike both compresses and expands time. Every moment without sustenance is freighted with meaning and, after the first days, haunted with danger. And yet it also makes things visible. It opens the understanding of the long hunger strike from Atlantic slavery, to British imperialism, women’s suffrage and the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

The long hunger strike is interwoven with British coloniality, from slavery to Ireland, the women’s suffrage struggle, India and the former British mandate of Palestine. This pattern stems from the British practice of using regulated hunger as a weapon, which was then turned against them by the enslaved and colonized.

How Maps Became Deadly Innovations in WWI

▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/mapping-world-war-one-centennial

brrr... scary, really.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/news/2017/04/04/maps-wwi/12-world-war-one-maps.ngsversion.1491453011898.adapt.1900.1.jpg

By Greg Miller

PUBLISHED April 6, 2017

By the time the United States entered World War I, 100 years ago today, the conflict had been raging in Europe for nearly three years. It was to become one of the deadliest wars in human history, claiming more than 15 million lives.

Advances in military technology—including more lethal artillery and rapid-fire machine guns— contributed to the heavy toll. Maps, too, played a role. Recent cartographic innovations allowed artillery gunners to fire at targets they couldn’t directly see and aim their guns without first firing “ranging shots” that would ruin the element of surprise. Airplanes—another relatively recent invention—allowed both sides to update their maps daily with the positions of enemy troops.

#cartographie #visualisation #première_guerre_mondiale #histoire #propagande #manipulation #usage_de_la_carte #cartoexperiment #précurseurs

A “sweeping application of thematic cartography” - Rare & Antique Maps

▻http://bostonraremaps.com/inventory/a-sweeping-application-of-thematic-cartography

Encore une fois merci à @freakonometrics qui a signalé cet ouvrage (je ne l connaissais pas) important. Décidément, je me rends de plus en plus compte que tous ces précurseurs avaient déjà fait une grande partie du travail de débroussaillage dans la recherche en sémiologie graphique (et je ne parle même pas de ce qui s’est fait en ex-URSS et que j’ai aussi récemment découvert !). Et je me dis que toutes recherches et expérimentations carto sérieuses, du point de vue de la forme, de la méthode, des protocoles, de la sémiologie graphique, passent avant tout par l’étude minutieuse de l’apport de tout·es ces précurseurs·seuses.

http://bostonraremaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/BRM2369-Angeville-statistical-atlas-1836_maps15and16_lowres.jpg

D’Angeville (1796-1856) can be credited with refining and expanding the application of the “chloropleth” map first developed by his predecessors Baron Charles Dupin (1784-1873) and Andre-Michel Guerry (1802-1866). These are maps in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map. While Dupin had focused on education and Guerry on crime and other “moral” phenomena, D’Angeville expanded his study to include not only these but variables related to economics and public health. The 16 maps included in his Essai sur la statistique address such wildly diverse variables as population density, rate of population growth, number of farmers, development of industry, army rejections for insufficient height or poor health, education level, illegitimate births, foundlings, number of civil suits, incidence of tax evasion, and even numbers of doors and windows in dwellings.

#cartographie #précurseurs #sémiologie #sémiologie_graphique #sémentique #Adolphe_de_Angeville

The #Atlas to Alexander von Humboldt’s “Kosmos,” by Traugott Bromme. Stuttgart: Krais & Hoffmann, 1851
▻http://www.johngrimwade.com/blog/2016/10/06/atlas-heaven

https://i2.wp.com/www.johngrimwade.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Lakes.jpg

#mer #lacs #cartographie #histoire #beau