provinceorstate:massachusetts

  • William Worthy, a Reporter Drawn to Forbidden Datelines, Dies at 92
    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/us/william-worthy-a-reporter-drawn-to-forbidden-datelines-dies-at-92.html?refe

    William Worthy, a foreign correspondent who in the thick of the Cold War ventured where the United States did not want him to go — including the Soviet Union, China, Cuba — and became the subject of both a landmark federal case concerning travel rights and a ballad by the protest singer Phil Ochs, died on May 4 in Brewster, Mass. He was 92.

    His death, from complications of Alzheimer’s disease, was announced on the website of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard. Mr. Worthy was a Nieman Foundation fellow in the 1956-57 academic year.

    A correspondent for The Afro-American of Baltimore, a weekly newspaper, from 1953 to 1980, Mr. Worthy also contributed freelance reports to CBS News, The New York Post and other publications. He became an international cause célèbre in the early 1960s when, returning from Cuba, he was found guilty of violating United States immigration law.

    The son of a distinguished obstetrician, William Worthy Jr. was born in Boston on July 7, 1921.

  • #USA : 1er mariage lesbien à 3 au monde et elles attendent un bébé pour juillet
    http://www.brujitafr.fr/article-usa-1er-mariage-lesbien-a-3-au-monde-et-elles-attendent-un-bebe-po

    Here comes the bride. And another one. And another one! Meet world’s first married lesbian THREESOME . . . and they’re expecting a baby due in July Doll, Kitten and Brynn all from Massachusetts, married last August Kitten, 27, had IVF using sperm donor and is expecting daughter in July The world’s only ’married’ lesbian threesome are expecting their first child. Doll, Kitten and Brynn, from Massachusetts, were joined together in a marriage-style ceremony last August and are expecting a daughter in July. Kitten, 27, is pregnant after undergoing IVF treatment using an anonymous sperm donor, and the trio eventually plan to have (...)

  • Technician called ’sole bad actor’ in Massachusetts drug lab debacle - CNN.com

    L’encadrement était juste mauvais mais pas méchant

    http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/04/us/massachusetts-drug-lab-report

    “Dookhan was the sole bad actor at the Drug Lab. Though many of the chemists worked alongside Dookhan for years, the OIG (Office of the Inspector General) found no evidence that any other chemist at the Drug Lab committed any malfeasance with respect to testing evidence or knowingly aided Dookhan in committing her malfeasance,” the report said.
    But the report didn’t stop short of blaming the unprecedented breach in confidence solely on Dookhan.
    “The directors were ill-suited to oversee a forensic drug lab, provided almost no supervision, were habitually unresponsive to chemists’ complaints and suspicions, and severely downplayed Dookhan’s major breach in chain-of-custody protocol upon discovering it,” according to the inspector general’s report.

    Rappel des faits et de la condamnation de l’intéressée en novembre 2013

    After Dookhan’s co-workers told state police her work might be unreliable, the state attorney general’s office began investigating the case in July 2012. The tampering called into question at least 40,000 cases going back to 2003 and, in some cases, may have wrongfully convicted the innocent.
    She was found guilty of multiple charges related to the case, including obstruction of justice, mishandling of drug evidence and lying about holding a master’s degree in chemistry from the University of Massachusetts. She was sentenced in November of last year to three to five years in prison.

    Pour l’encadrement…

    “The directors were ill-suited to oversee a forensic drug lab, provided almost no supervision, were habitually unresponsive to chemists’ complaints and suspicions, and severely downplayed Dookhan’s major breach in chain-of-custody protocol upon discovering it,” according to the inspector general’s report.

    Ah, tant qu’on y est : il y a aussi 2000 résultats de tests douteux dans lesquels elle n’est pas intervenue…

    In addition to the drug samples Dookhan mishandled, an additional 2,000 drug samples not handled by Dookhan were found to potentially contain “exculpatory evidence” to defendants in criminal cases because the drug lab failed to disclose “additional, inconsistent testing results,” the report said.

    À l’époque, http://seenthis.net/messages/93040 et http://seenthis.net/messages/93084. Dans ce dernier, @touti faisait déjà la comparaison avec le petit Kerviel auquel on pense instantanément à la lecture du rapport ci-dessus.

  • Brain ‘15-second delay’ shields us from hallucinogenic experience – research — RT News
    http://rt.com/news/brain-neuroscience-visual-information-709

    A team of vision scientists at the University of California, Berkeley and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) revealed this secret of the human #brain: To save us from insanity induced by a constantly changing torrent of pictures, shapes and colors – both virtual and real world – the brain filters out information, failing in most cases to notice small changes in a 15-second period of time.

    It actually means that what we do see is, in fact, a mixture of past and present. According to the research, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, stability is attained at the expense of accuracy.

    “What you are seeing at the present moment is not a fresh snapshot of the world but rather an average of what you’ve seen in the past 10 to 15 seconds,” said study author Jason Fischer, Ph.D., a neuroscientist at MIT.

    #attention #perception #neuroscience

    Although it has a 15-second delay in perception, the brain can also work incredibly fast. Neuroscientists from MIT recently found that even if the eye sees an image for as little as 13 milliseconds, the brain can still successfully process it.

  • #E-cigarettes affect cells : Nature News & Comment
    http://www.nature.com/news/e-cigarettes-affect-cells-1.15015

    Electronic cigarettes can change gene expression in a similar way to tobacco, according to one of the first studies to investigate the biological effects of the devices.
    (...)
    The changes are not identical, says study researcher Avrum Spira, who works on genomics and lung cancer at Boston University in Massachusetts. But “there are some striking similarities”, he says. The team is now evaluating whether the alterations mean that cells behave more like #cancer cells in culture.

    #santé #tabac

  • Le Club de Rome confirme la date de la catastrophe: 2030
    http://www.europesolidaire.eu/article.php?article_id=879

    Il y a quelques semaines, le Club de Rome célébrait le quarantième anniversaire de son célèbre rapport (surnommé « Halte à la croissance ? »), dit aussi Rapport Meadows, du nom de son principal rédacteur. Ce rapport avait été présenté au public le 1er mars 1972, à partir d’une commande faite par le même Club de Rome (créé en 1968) au Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) en 1970.

    Le point essentiel, que tous les gouvernements, que toutes les entreprises, tout les média auraient du noter, est que le rapport de 2012 confirme celui de 1972. Celui-ci donnait soixante ans au système économique mondial pour s’effondrer, confronté à la diminution des ressources et à la dégradation de l’environnement. La situation est confirmée par la formule du Smithsonian Magazine, « The world is on track for disaster... », autrement dit, “tout se déroule comme prévu pour que survienne le désastre”.

    Ce désastre, comme le résume le physicien australien Graham Turner, qui a succédé à Dennis Meadows comme rédacteur coordonnateur, découlera du fait que, si l’humanité continue à consommer plus que la nature ne peut produire, un effondrement économique se traduisant pas une baisse massive de la population se produira aux alentours de 2030.

  • Il était une fois les #mythes : dans les rêves de Cro-Magnon
    http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2014/03/13/il-etait-une-fois-les-mythes_4382701_3246.html

    The Origins of the World’s Mythologies, « Les origines des mythologies du monde » (Oxford University Press), a paru en janvier 2013, et, hors de petits cercles de spécialistes, il est passé remarquablement inaperçu. Le projet et la théorie de Michael Witzel, professeur de sanskrit à Harvard (Massachusetts), sont pourtant d’une extraordinaire portée.

    Qu’on en juge : l’éminent linguiste dit avoir retrouvé rien de moins que les bribes de nos premières histoires, celles qui peuplaient l’imaginaire des quelques centaines d’Homo sapiens qui venaient de quitter l’Afrique de l’Est, voici 65 000 à 40 000 ans, avant de se répandre à la surface de la Terre.

    De ces légendes primordiales, ou plus exactement de ces représentations de l’homme et de l’Univers, dit Michael Witzel, il reste encore les échos dans les grandes mythologies du monde. La thèse est ambitieuse et fascinante : une part de nos réflexes mentaux, la manière dont nous nous représentons l’Univers, nous viendrait de cette époque où Homo sapiens ornait les parois de Lascaux ou d’Altamira, et avait pour seuls instruments des outils taillés dans l’os, le bois ou le silex…

    (...)

    « La mythologie comparée, précise celui-ci dans un entretien accordé au Monde lors d’un passage à Paris, a produit énormément de travaux depuis le XIXe siècle, mais ce qui n’avait pas été fait, c’est de comparer l’ensemble des grandes mythologies dans une perspective historique. J’ai pris, pour les comparer, la théogonie grecque d’Hésiode, l’Edda islandais, le Popol-Vuh maya, mais aussi les mythologies de l’Egypte antique, de la Mésopotamie, du Japon ou encore de l’Inde. Et une fois que l’on fait cela, on réalise à quel point ces mythologies se ressemblent, à quel point elles partagent une story line commune, un enchaînement d’une quinzaine d’éléments qui se retrouvent à peu près toujours dans le même ordre, depuis la création de l’Univers. »

    Cette structure narrative commune, Michael Witzel l’a baptisée « laurasienne ». Le mot dérive d’un terme géologique, Laurasie : le nom du supercontinent qui regroupait l’Eurasie et l’Amérique il y a quelque 200 millions d’années.

    (...)

    La thèse, assez vertigineuse, est donc celle d’une origine commune des mythes de création de l’ensemble du domaine laurasien, remontant au paléolithique supérieur. A en croire Michael Witzel, ceux que l’on imagine volontiers grognant au fond de leur grotte en taillant des silex développaient surtout des histoires raffinées et complexes, liées dans une trame si bien ficelée qu’elle a perduré partout, malgré toutes les innovations sociales ou techniques des millénaires suivants.

    Partout ? Pas tout à fait. Si tel était le cas, on pourrait croire, comme le psychiatre et psychanalyste Carl Jung (1875-1961) l’a proposé le premier, à une émergence spontanée des mêmes motifs, des mêmes thèmes. Selon Jung, les ressemblances frappantes entre mythologies s’expliqueraient par la structure même de la psyché humaine. Des histoires identiques pourraient indépendamment apparaître, ex nihilo, un peu partout à la surface de la Terre. Si elle se vérifiait, cette théorie, dite des archétypes, rendrait inutile et parfaitement vaine la recherche, dans une perspective historique, d’origines mythologiques communes. Et les quelque 700 pages des « Origines des mythologies du monde » n’auraient été que jeu de l’esprit.

    En bon scientifique, Michael Witzel a donc cherché à tester sa théorie laurasienne sur des populations issues d’une autre vague migratoire. Il faut, là encore, s’appuyer sur les sciences expérimentales, et en particulier la génétique. Celle-ci pose que l’une des premières populations d’Homo sapiens à s’être répandues hors d’Afrique a quitté le continent noir voici 65 000 ans environ et qu’elle n’est pas partie vers le nord, vers l’Europe. Arrivée au carrefour proche-oriental, elle a mis le cap à l’est et a suivi les rivages de la mer d’Oman et du golfe du Bengale, traversant ensuite les îles de la Sonde pour poursuivre et coloniser durablement l’Australie, la Tasmanie et une partie de la Mélanésie.

    Michael Witzel a colligé un grand nombre de mythes de ces régions et a constaté que les principaux éléments de la structure laurasienne en étaient absents. De même qu’ils sont absents des traditions orales d’une grande part de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Le linguiste américain a donné un autre nom (lui aussi dérivé de la géologie) à cette autre grande aire mythologique : le Gondwana. « Dans le Gondwana, au contraire de l’un des traits caractéristiques du monde laurasien, il n’y a pas de création de l’Univers, dit-il. Les mythologies du Gondwana s’intéressent essentiellement à la manière dont les hommes évoluent. Il y a des variations : les hommes peuvent être façonnés à partir d’argile ou de bois, on rencontre également des animaux qui se transforment pour devenir des hommes… Mais toujours l’Univers est déjà là. » Autre grande vague migratoire, autres mythes : l’argument pèse lourdement en faveur de la théorie witzélienne d’un enracinement très ancien des mythologies actuelles.

    Ainsi se dessinent deux grands ensembles mythologiques. Deux mondes aux conceptions radicalement différentes. Une vision laurasienne, conçue par un petit groupe de quelques centaines ou quelques milliers d’Homo sapiens partis coloniser l’Europe il y a 40 000 ans pour se répandre ensuite autour du globe ; une vision gondwanienne, plus ancienne, retrouvée dans la mythologie des populations qui ont quitté 25 000 ans plus tôt l’Afrique – ou qui ne l’ont pas quittée. D’un côté, une vision dans laquelle l’Univers est soumis au même destin que les hommes, à la nécessité de naître sous les auspices d’un couple puis de subir la tragédie du temps qui s’écoule et qui le précipite vers sa destruction ; de l’autre, une vision dans laquelle l’Univers est plat et immanent, imperméable à la marche du temps, et existe de toute éternité sous la houlette d’un haut dieu.

    Michael Witzel ne se risque cependant pas à proposer une story line caractéristique des mythologies du Gondwana. Celles-ci sont trop disparates, mal documentées car rarement écrites, leur pérennité étant tributaire du travail des rares ethnologues de terrain qui les recueillent.

    Mais à côté des différences – majeures – entre Laurasie et Gondwana, il y a aussi des traits communs. Comme, par exemple, la présence du dieu ou de l’esprit « décepteur » qui apporte aux hommes la culture. Ou, plus fascinant encore, l’omniprésence du déluge ou de l’inondation. Qu’ils soient issus de Laurasie ou du Gondwana, la presque totalité des mythes de création contiennent cet épisode de punition des hommes, coupables d’hubris aux yeux d’une ou de plusieurs divinités… Le motif d’un déluge tuant la plupart des hommes à l’exception de quelques-uns, survivant au sommet d’une montagne ou réchappant au désastre grâce à la construction d’une embarcation, est ainsi présent chez les peuples aborigènes d’Australie. Quantité de variations autour de ce thème se retrouvent dans les traditions orales de l’ensemble du Gondwana.

    Pour Michael Witzel, ces éléments communs sont peut-être des mythes « pangéens », c’est-à-dire forgés de très longue date, bien avant les premières migrations hors d’Afrique de notre espèce (dont les premiers fossiles sont datés de 200 000 ans environ). Des histoires vieilles de 100 000 ans ou plus et dont chacun, au XXIe siècle, a en tête les grandes lignes…

    Bien sûr, la construction de Michael Witzel n’est qu’une théorie. Certains de ses pairs lui opposent déjà des contre-exemples, des exceptions. D’autres vont plus loin. Un anthropologue de l’université de Californie du Sud lui fait même un procès en racisme, l’accusant de chercher à segmenter l’humanité en deux groupes. Personnalité d’une grande modestie, Michael Witzel présente surtout son travail comme une œuvre programmatique qu’il livre à la communauté scientifique. Sans faire mystère des objections qui ne manqueront pas d’être soulevées, le linguiste Frederick Smith conclut que « l’approche interdisciplinaire [de Witzel] a non seulement un avenir prometteur, mais elle parvient aussi à ce que l’on puisse enfin parler d’une science de la #mythologie ».

  • How computer-generated fake papers are flooding academia
    http://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/feb/26/how-computer-generated-fake-papers-flooding-academia

    Insolite : quand des articles générés par #ordinateur s’invitent chez les éditeurs #universitaires
    http://www.clubic.com/insolite/actualite-686226-insolite-articles-generes-ordinateur-editeurs-universaires.

    Un programme informatique permettant de générer de faux articles universitaires a permis à de nombreux chercheurs de composer des textes complètement incohérents, et pourtant publiés, ces dernières années. Un système développé par un universitaire français a récemment révélé la supercherie.

    Un article généré par SciGenConçu en 2005 par 3 étudiants de l’Institut de technologie du Massachusetts (MIT), le logiciel #SciGen permet de générer aléatoirement des résumés d’études scientifiques. Cette usine à #canulars est disponible gratuitement sur #Internet depuis près de 10 ans, et une découverte récente a permis de constater qu’elle était utilisée depuis longtemps par des #scientifiques pour soumettre de faux sujets de recherches à l’occasion de congrès, ou à destination de #maisons_d'édition.

    A la base conçu pour critiquer et tester la rigueur du secteur universitaire concernant des sujets d’études parfois totalement incompréhensibles – et pour cause – SciGen a fini par piéger des éditeurs sérieux. Lundi 24 févier, Springer et IEEE, deux maisons d’édition basées aux USA et en Allemagne, ont ainsi annoncé la suppression de 120 articles totalement erronés de leurs archives. Ils avaient tous été conçus via SciGen.

    Un Français découvre le pot-aux-roses

    La découverte de cette supercherie est due à Cyril Labbé, un chercheur de l’université Joseph-Fourier de Grenoble. Ce dernier a conçu en 2012 un système qui permet d’identifier les articles composés à l’aide de SciGen. Car le système, qui créé des phrases aléatoires à l’aide de chaînes de mots et intègre même des tableaux, des graphiques et des sources, compose des articles qui tiennent du #charabia_scientifique pour les profanes, et n’attire pas nécessairement l’attention si on ne se penche pas concrètement dessus. La méthode de détection de Cyril Labbé, disponible en ligne, permet de rechercher du vocabulaire spécifique utilisé par SciGen. Des dizaines d’articles erronés ont ainsi été décelés.

    Springer et IEEE ne sont pas les seules victimes du phénomène : le site Nature explique que des dizaines de documents générés par SciGen sont disponibles en ligne, notamment sur #Google_Scholar.

    Reste à savoir comment de tels documents peuvent circuler et même être publiés alors qu’ils n’ont pas de sens réel. Cyril Labbé évoque le fait que de nombreux articles sont associés à des conférences tenues en Chine, et associées à des auteurs chinois. Les éditeurs pris au piège se font quant à eux discrets sur la question.

  • Is It Normal to Hoard ? - Issue 10 : Mergers & Acquisitions
    http://nautil.us/issue/10/mergers--acquisitions/is-it-normal-to-hoard

    Animals like to hoard. Christopher E. Overtree, director of the Psychological Services Center at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a specialist in treating hoarding, says that “the mechanisms triggering this kind of biological reflex are present in all of us.” A friend of his in Minnesota had an eagle’s nest on his property fall from a tree. This led to a surprising discovery: 23 dog and cat collars. “The eagle ate the animals but saved the collars,” says Overtree. His own cat, Gus, wasn’t much better. Overtree recently tailed his cat sneaking off with his wife’s costume jewelry, dragging the trinkets into the attic and stashing them in a hole in the floor. “I realized he must be saving it,” says Overtree. “I think it is interesting to see a behavior that has no practical value in an (...)

  • Study Finds Methane Leaks Negate Benefits of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Vehicles
    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/us/study-finds-methane-leaks-negate-climate-benefits-of-natural-gas.html?_r=1

    Des fuites de #méthane plus importantes que ne le dit l’#EPA.

    Although burning natural gas as a transportation fuel produces 30 percent less planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions than burning diesel, the drilling and production of natural gas can lead to leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas 30 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

    Those methane leaks negate the climate change benefits of using natural gas as a transportation fuel, according to the study, which was conducted by scientists at Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

    The study concludes that there is already about 50 percent more methane in the atmosphere than previously estimated by the Environmental Protection Agency, a signal that more methane is leaking from the natural gas production chain than previously thought.

    “Switching from diesel to natural gas, that’s not a good policy from a climate perspective,” said the study’s lead author, Adam R. Brandt, an assistant professor in the department of energy resources at Stanford.

    https://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6172/733.summary

    New Study Shows Total North American Methane Leaks Far Worse than EPA Estimates
    http://www.desmogblog.com/2014/02/14/new-study-shows-total-north-american-methane-leaks-far-worse-epa-estimat

    The researchers also described the effects of switching from coal to natural gas for electricity — concluding that coal is worse for the climate in some cases. “Even though the gas system is almost certainly leakier than previously thought, generating electricity by burning gas rather than coal still reduces the total greenhouse effect over 100 years, the new analysis shows,” the team wrote in a press release.

    But they failed to address the climate impacts of natural gas over a shorter period — the decades when the effects of methane are at their most potent.

    “What is strange about this paper is how they interpret methane emissions: they only look at electricity, and they only consider the global warming potential of methane at the 100-year time frame,” said Dr. Howarth. Howarth’s 2011 Cornell study reviewed all uses of gas, noting that electricity is only roughly 30% of use in the US, and describing both a 20- and a 100-year time frame.

    #climat

    • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obpbUA6TsJM

      There’s something like 400,000 natural gas wells, there’s millions of miles of pipe in the country… there’s a lot of places to look for leaks.

      Les concentrations de méthane augmentent globalement depuis 2007... et on ne sait pas vraiment d’où ça vient (les fuites y seraient pour une part mais n’expliqueraient pas tout).

      A methane mystery : Scientists probe unanswered questions about methane and climate change
      http://www.skepticalscience.com/methane-mystery-carbon-brief.html


      “Just when scientists thought the methane concentration had stabilised, it rose again … The renewed rise in the methane burden prompts urgent questions about the causes”

    • Up To 1,000 Times More Methane Released At Gas Wells Than EPA Estimates, Study Finds
      http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/04/15/3426697/methane-vastly-underestimated

      An analysis of a number of hydraulic fracturing sites in southwestern Pennsylvania has found that methane was being released into the atmosphere at 100 to 1,000 times the rate that the Environmental Protection Agency estimated. The study, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that drilling operations at seven well pads emitted 34 grams of methane per second, on average, much higher than the EPA-estimated 0.04 grams to 0.30 grams of methane per second.

    • A bridge to nowhere: methane emissions and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas
      http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ese3.35/full

      Using these new, best available data and a 20-year time period for comparing the warming potential of methane to carbon dioxide, the conclusion stands that both shale gas and conventional natural gas have a larger GHG [greenhouse gas footprint] than do coal or oil, for any possible use of natural gas and particularly for the primary uses of residential and commercial heating.

    • EPA Moves to Count Methane Emissions from Fracking
      http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/epa-moves-to-count-methane-emissions-from-fracking

      The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is proposing a new rule that would require energy companies to report to the federal government all greenhouse gas emissions from oil well fracking operations and natural gas compressor stations and pipelines.

      The EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program currently requires energy companies to report only those emissions from fracking operations that involve flaring — the industry’s practice of burning off excess natural gas at a well site.

      [...] “The EPA approach continues to rely on self-reporting by industry on their emissions, with no independent verification by EPA or by others,” Howarth said. “Since the industry has a vested interest in having emissions be low, this provides a strong bias towards under-estimation.”

  • New Desalination Technique Also Cleans and Disinfects Water
    http://www.technologyreview.com/view/524606/new-desalination-technique-also-cleans-and-disinfects-water

    One of the world’s most pressing needs is to supply clean drinking water to the its population. In rural areas, almost half the population does not have access to clean water so the challenge is clear and present.

    The problem, of course, is that most of the planet’s water is saline. So finding ways to desalinate seawater is a key goal.

    Today, Daosheng Deng and pals at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, say they’ve developed a new way to desalinate water, known as shock electrodialysis, that not only removes salt but particulate matter and bacteria too. “Shock electrodialysis has the potential to enable more compact and efficient water purification systems,” they say.

    One of the big problems with desalination is its cost. The most common method is to distill seawater in a vacuum so that its boiling point is lower than usual. However, this is an energy intensive process that is expensive. So engineers are constantly on the lookout for cheaper methods.

    The most common of these is reverse osmosis. This works by pumping water through a membrane that does not allow sodium or chlorine ions to pass. That’s significantly less energy intensive than traditional desalination methods but is limited by the rate at which water can pass through the membrane.

    So in recent years, engineers have begun to study a process called electrodialysis. This works in the opposite way by allowing sodium and chlorine ions to pass through a membrane in the presence of an electric field, leaving purified water on the other side.

    Because only the ions, rather than the water molecules, pass through the membrane, the rate at which this can desalinate is much higher than reverse osmosis.

    But there is a problem with electrodialysis. Although it removes the salt from water, it does not remove other contaminants such as dirt and bacteria. So it requires additional stages of filtration and disinfection to make the water drinkable.

    Now Deng and co say they have found a way to produce clean drinking water in a single step using electrodialysis. The key is to place a layer of porous material close to the cathode which then acts as a filter and removes anything that cannot pass through the micropores.

    The porous material in question is fitted glass, which is made by sintering together glass particles to form a porous solid. The pore size is around 0.5 micrometres so anything larger than that, such as dirt particles, cannot pass.

    Bacteria tend to be smaller though. But Deng and co show that these do not pass through the material either, probably because they get trapped or because they are destroyed by the powerful electric fields close to the cathode. “We were able to kill or remove approximately 99% of viable E Coli bacteria present in the feedwater upon flowing through the shock electrodialysis device with applied voltage,” they say.

    Either way, the output from the new device is purified water with little if any of the original contaminants.

    That’s a useful machine. Anything that can desalinate water while also filtering and disinfecting it is worthy of further study. Deng and co suggest that it could be useful for chemical engineering.

    The bigger question, of course, is whether such a device could cost-effectively purify water on a larger scale for those who need it most. That would mean using photovoltaic power, for example, and producing reliable flow rates over an extended period of time.

    That’s another challenge entirely. Turning a lab-based prototype into a practical, reliable machine is just as hard again. But given the stakes, the lives of millions of people, it’s certainly worth aiming for.

    #eau

  • Agriculture en serre sans chauffage en plein hiver au Massachusetts (zone 5)
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrvYWy57oLI

    Serre de Jonathan Bates et Eric Toensmeier, fortement isolée et qui contient un système d’aquaponie, l’eau stockant et diffusant la chaleur reçue par le soleil. La plus basse température relevée a été -1,5°C alors qu’il a fait jusqu’à -22°C à l’extérieur. (Peut être qu’ils ont des hivers plus ensoleillés qu’ici).

    En lien avec http://seenthis.net/messages/224049

    #serre #chauffage #isolation #aquaponie #permaculture

  • Calling all Chefs: what happens when a Two Star Michelin Chef can’t find a job?
    http://www.filmsforaction.org/watch/calling-all-chefs-what-happens-when-a-two-star-michelin-chef-cant-fi

    Twenty-nine year old Michael Magner, owner of a sub shop and pizzeria, decided to open an authentic Italian restaurant in Beverly, Massachusetts. He needed a chef. Paolo Laboa, a two star Michelin...

  • Supreme Court justices question size of buffer zones around Mass. abortion clinics
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-justices-question-size-of-buffer-zones-around-mass-abortion-clinics/2014/01/15/834f21c4-7e02-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html

    Supreme Court justices on Wednesday aggressively questioned whether a Massachusetts law that creates buffer zones around abortion clinics unconstitutionally inhibits the free-speech rights of antiabortion activists.

    Several justices made clear in their questioning that they felt the law’s restrictions on who can enter a 35-foot space around a facility’s entrance unfairly targets those who want to hand out leaflets or speak to the women planning abortions.

    #ivg

  • Walden trees leafing out far earlier than in Thoreau’s time (v @InvasiveNotes @physorg_biology)
    http://phys.org/news/2014-01-walden-trees-leafing-earlier-thoreau.html

    Raffa

    Walden trees leafing out far earlier than in Thoreau’s time (v @InvasiveNotes @physorg_biology) - http://phys.org/news...

    17 minutes ago

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    The spring growing season is of increasing interest to biologists studying the effects of a warming climate, and in coming decades non-native invasive shrubs are positioned to win the gamble on warming temperature, Primack said. The BU group is adding these findings to a growing list of advancing spring phenomena in Concord and elsewhere in Massachusetts, including flowering dates, butterfly flight times, and migratory bird arrivals.

    Read more at: http://phys.org/news... - (...)

  • MoMA | The Feminist Future : Ute Meta Bauer

    http://www.moma.org/explore/multimedia/videos/16/173

    The Feminist Future: Ute Meta Bauer

    The Feminist Future: Theory and Practice in the Visual Arts
    Saturday, January 27, 2007

    Panel: Writing the History of Feminism

    Ute Meta Bauer, Associate Professor and Director of the Visual Arts Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    http://www.moma.org/explore/multimedia/videos/16/173

    #féminisme #histoire_du_féminisme #ute_meta_bauer

  • When Algorithms Grow Accustomed to Your Face - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/technology/when-algorithms-grow-accustomed-to-your-face.html

    Companies in this field include Affectiva, based in Waltham, Mass., and Emotient, based in San Diego. Affectiva used webcams over two and a half years to accumulate and classify about 1.5 billion emotional reactions from people who gave permission to be recorded as they watched streaming video

    Face-reading technology may one day be paired with programs that have complementary ways of recognizing emotion, such as software that analyzes people’s voices, said Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. If computers reach the point where they can combine facial coding, voice sensing, gesture tracking and gaze tracking, he said, a less stilted way of interacting with machines will ensue.

    #algorithme #reconnaissance_faciale #émotions #tracking #individu #corps #voix

    In a Mood? Call Center Agents Can Tell
    http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/13/business/in-a-mood-call-center-agents-can-tell.html?pagewanted=all

  • Pa. pastor facing church trial over gay marriage
    http://bigstory.ap.org/article/pa-pastor-facing-church-trial-over-gay-marriage-0

    Pa. pastor facing church trial over gay marriage
    By MICHAEL RUBINKAM
    — Nov. 18, 2013 12:40 AM EST
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    A Pennsylvania pastor charged under United Methodist law with officiating his son’s same-sex marriage is scheduled to go on trial.

    The Rev. Frank Schaefer, 51, could be defrocked if a jury comprised of fellow Methodist clergy convicts him of breaking his pastoral vows by officiating the 2007 ceremony in Massachusetts. Schaefer’s supporters argue that church teaching on homosexuality is outmoded.

    “Public opinion has changed very rapidly,” said the pastor’s son, Tim Schaefer, 29. “I hope this leads to a renewed conversation to revisit these policies to see if they are a little archaic.”

    The nation’s largest mainline Protestant denomination accepts gay and lesbian members, but rejects the practice of homosexuality as “incompatible with Christian teaching.” Clergy who perform same-sex unions risk punishment ranging from a reprimand to suspension to losing their minister’s credentials.

    The issue has split the church. Hundreds of Methodist ministers have publicly rejected church doctrine on homosexuality, and some of them face discipline for presiding over same-gender unions.

    Critics say those pastors are sowing division within the church and ignoring the church’s democratic decision-making process. Indeed, the denomination’s top legislative body, the 1,000-member General Conference, reaffirmed the church’s 40-year-old policy on gays at its last worldwide meeting in 2012.

    The Methodists have set aside three days for Schaefer’s trial, to be held at a church retreat in Spring City, Pa., beginning on Monday.

    Tim Schaefer, of Hull, Mass., will testify on his father’s behalf.

    “(The defense wants) to highlight how hurtful the policy of the church is toward the LGBT community,” he said.

    Tim Schaefer struggled as a teenager, aware of Methodist doctrine on homosexuality. He said he prayed every night that “God would make me normal, take this away from me.” He contemplated suicide but knew it would devastate his family. Schaefer finally told his parents at age 17, and he said they accepted him completely.

    Years later, Schaefer knew he wanted his dad to perform his wedding ceremony.

    “I remember thinking I have two choices: I can ask my dad and know I am putting him in a position ... where he would risk his career, or I could not ask my dad and really risk hurting his feelings. I think he would have been devastated if I hadn’t asked him,” he said.

    Frank Schaefer has said he informed his superiors in the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference that he planned to officiate his son’s wedding, and again after the ceremony, which took place at a restaurant near Boston. He said he faced no discipline until April — about a month before the church’s six-year statute of limitations was set to expire — when one of his congregants filed a complaint.

    Schaefer could have avoided a trial if he had agreed to never again perform a same-gender wedding, but he declined because three of his four children are gay.

    A Methodist trial resembles a secular trial in many ways, with counsel representing each side, a judge and jury, opening statements and closing arguments, and testimony and evidence.

    The 13-member jury, called a “trial court,” will be selected from a pool of 35. It takes at least nine votes to convict. If Schaefer is convicted, the trial moves to a penalty phase, with the same jury settling on a punishment. At least seven members of the jury must agree on the penalty.

    Schaefer can appeal a conviction, but neither the church nor the person who brought the charge may appeal an acquittal.

  • Implementing Rio+20: ECOSOC’s New Role and Its Old Culture

    http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/225-general/52530-implementing-rio20-ecosocs-new-role-and-its-old-culture.html

    Implementing Rio+20: ECOSOC’s New Role and Its Old Culture

    posted on: Monday, October 28th, 2013

    by: Harris Gleckman, Center for Governance and Sustainability, University of Massachusetts – Boston

    Almost since the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) was created, there have been ECOSOC reform efforts. Most of these efforts have been preceded by a build-up of political enthusiasm and followed by quite minor changes. One then could be quite skeptical of the 2013 version of ECOSOC reform adopted this September [1]. The timing of this round of ECOSOC reform was based on the last time “ECOSOC was reformed” (General Assembly decision 61/16), but now supplemented by the Rio+20 outcome document’s call for the mainstreaming of sustainable development by ECOSOC.

    ECOSOC has always been the weakest piece of the UN charter. Unlike the Security Council, there are no obligations for Member States or the UN system to act on ECOSOC’s decisions. As the opening paragraphs of the new resolution repeat three times, ECOSOC‘s job is “to coordinate” the economic, social, environmental and related activities of the UN system. But it was not given any ability to sanction UN-related organizations that ignore its advice, nor has it received any real role in budget decisions. And, unlike the Security Council and the General Assembly, ECOSOC has not been a place where governments bring pressing external economic, social or environmental threats to their security or development. Further, in spite of its name, it is not a place where economic counsel is given to global economic actors or where coordination of globalization’s challenges is forthrightly discussed.

    voir http://uncsd.iisd.org/guest-articles/implementing-rio20-ecosocs-new-role-and-its-old-culture

    #environnement

  • Les clusters et le rêve de devenir la prochaine Silicon Valley - Technology Review
    http://www.technologyreview.com/news/516501/in-innovation-quest-regions-seek-critical-mass

    Quel est le secret pour devenir la prochaine Silicon Valley ? Quand on regarde une carte de l’#innovation américaine, on voit la Silicon Valley, mais aussi, le Massachusetts et la région autour du MIT où l’on trouve des milliers de startups. Cette région, Kendall Square, est désormais un des #cluster les plus innovants d’Amérique. Mais il n’est pas la Silicon Valley... Comment créer un cluster ? Qu’est-ce qui fait qu’il réussi ?, interroge un récent rapport de la Technology Review. Les gouvernements (...)

    #lieux #tierslieux

  • Attention, le niveau monte : le service Wifi de la British Library bloquait l’accès à Hamlet pour cause de… contenu violent.
    http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130812/06393424143/british-library-network-blocks-hamlet-violent-content.shtml

    On Monday, I was sitting in the British Library frantically trying to write my new book in a shturmovshchina. I had to quickly check a particular line in Hamlet, so I Googled Hamlet MIT, because the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has put the entire works of Shakespeare up on the Internet. (It takes 70 mins to order a physical book). I clicked on the link and...

    A message came up from the British Library telling me that access to site was blocked due to “violent content”.

    • Du coup, je me culture avec l’interwebz : Shturmovshchina
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shturmovshchina

      Shturmovshchina (last-minute rush, storming Russian: Штурмовщина) was a common Soviet Union work practice of frantic and overtime work at the end of the planning period in order to fulfill the planned production target. The practice usually gave rise to products of poor quality at the end of the planning cycle.[1] The Russian word shturm (штурм) means “storm (of a bastion)”.

      #merci_arno

  • Alan Ingram: Artists, Activists, Global Health, Insecurity, Drone Strikes, Secrecy

    http://www.exploringgeopolitics.org/Interview_Ingram_Alan_Artists_Activists_Global_Health_Insecuri

    This is the 61st and last contribution to the Geopolitical Passport Series. The Editor is very grateful to Alan Ingram and the 60 other scholars for participating in this series and hopes that it remains a valuable source of reference for many years to come.

    Dr Alan Ingram teaches critical approaches to geopolitics and security in the Department of Geography, University College London, where he is Senior Lecturer. He has an MA and PhD from the Department of Geography, University of Cambridge.

    His current research considers how artists respond to and engage with geopolitics. There is a blog on this project and a website for the associated exhibition.

    The ’Geopolitical Passport’ series offers visitors to ExploringGeopolitics a unique opportunity to find out more about the enormous variety of views within the geopolitical traditions. The floor has been given to scholars from several countries and various disciplines. The questions address issues all people with an interest in geopolitics grapple with. How should we define it? What are the most fascinating geopolitical ideas? And how will the geopolitical future look like?

    • one thing that continues to be interesting to me are the dynamics surrounding secrecy, concealment and disclosure. This has started to be addressed but I think there’s a lot more to do to think about just that which is hidden or ignored structures that which we see and theorise. Most theories of the world don’t – and can’t – take account of the illicit, the covert, the invisible.

      It’s been a vital area for exploration and challenge by art and activist practices and I think a lot more research could be done there, especially seeing how this spills across from ‘military’ and ‘security’ domains to the ‘economic’, with ‘secrecy jurisdictions’ etc. A lot is happening around these issues that is often ahead of research in geopolitics.

      #secret

  • 2013/07/11 DARPA’s #ATLAS #Robot Unveiled
    http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2013/07/11.aspx

    L’armée états-unienne développe des robots ou, plus exactement, organise un concours de robot. Mais c’est pour la bonne cause : c’est pour intervenir dans des situations de désastre humanitaire…

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkBnFPBV3f0

    On Monday, July 8, 2013, the seven teams that progressed from DARPA’s Virtual Robotics Challenge (VRC) arrived at the headquarters of Boston Dynamics in Waltham, Mass. to meet and learn about their new teammate, the ATLAS robot. Like coaches starting with a novice player, the teams now have until late December 2013 to teach ATLAS the moves it will need to succeed in the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Trials where each robot will have to perform a series of tasks similar to what might be required in a disaster response scenario.

    Sur le même sujet, un petit best of de vidéos sélectionnées par le Huff à la fin de l’article sur Atlas
    http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/07/12/atlas-robots-pictures_n_3585934.html

    • Une dynamique de développement de machines de guerre grâce au #logiciel_libre : cf. http://www.theroboticschallenge.org/aboutsimulator.aspx

      The Darpa Robotics Challenge Simulator is being developed by the Open Source Robotics Foundation (OSRF). Built on the powerful Gazebo software package, the DRC Simulator will function as both a means of controlling the simulated robot and as a pass-through for controlling the physical robot during the DRC Trials and the DRC Finals. The DRC Simulator supplier will manage an open-source effort where the simulator, robot models, and environment models are developed and improved by the supplier as well as by contributors throughout the world.

      Je découvre donc à cette occasion l’Open Source Robotics Foundation
      http://osrfoundation.org qui participe à ce programme militaire et s’en félicite :
      http://osrfoundation.org/blog/and-the-winner-is.html

      Notez que d’habitude l’OSRF ne sait pas qui utilise ses développements (ce qui n’a pas l’air d’empêcher de dormir ses développeurs-euses) :

      Inspired by The Mozilla Foundation, The Apache Software Foundation, and The GNOME Foundation, our three-year anniversary blog post discussed the possibility of a ROS Foundation. In May of this year, Willow Garage announced the debut of the Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc. OSRF is an independent non-profit organization founded by members of the global robotics community whose mission is to support the development, distribution, and adoption of open source software for use in robotics research, education, and product development.

      Because of the BSD license for ROS, we often have no idea who is using ROS in their commercial deployments. We suspect there are a few we are missing, but two major new products were announced this year that are built using ROS. First is Baxter from Rethink Robotics. Baxter was announced just a few months ago and the company has set their sites on manufacturing industries. Check out IEEE Spectrum’s article on Rethink here. Also built on ROS is Toyota’s Human Support Robot (HSR), which is designed to help those with limited mobility within the home. ROS has even made inroads within the industrial robot world of late, specifically through the ROS-Industrial Consortium.

      En cherchant un peu, on trouve les termes et le montant du contrat passé par la Darpa avec l’OSRF : 7 millions de dollars pour le développement logiciel et la documentation du simulateur. Largement de quoi ne pas trop se poser de questions sur l’utilisation finale des robots.
      https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=e8592ebaee2588bfa749aa13de415a66&tab=core&_cvi

    • En français : http://pro.01net.com/editorial/599913/l-incroyable-defi-de-la-darpa-au-secteur-robotique

      C’est la suite des concours de la DARPA sur la robotique qui avait permis de mettre au point des voitures entièrement robotisées :
      http://www.futura-sciences.com/magazines/high-tech/infos/actu/d/robotique-video-darpa-urban-challenge-course-folle-voitures-robots- Mais l’opération s’inscrit aussi dans la National Robots Initiative, une campagne nationale lancée par Obama.
      http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/24/obama-announces-national-robotics-initiative

      Au passage je suis tombé sur un documentaire du National Geographic sur les dernières innovations de la DARPA, depuis de nouvelles palmes pour les Marines jusqu’à des hélicoptères drones de surveillance pouvant stationner à 6000 mètres, avec 18 heures d’autonomie.

      Rare access to a highly classified division of the Defense Department reveals the latest generation of defense technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles and hypersonic aircraft.

      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5eWUJMxX-8

  • La tête d’un ver décapité repousse… avec sa mémoire | Passeur de sciences
    http://passeurdesciences.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/07/11/la-tete-ver-repousse-memoire-maladies-neurodegenerati

    Dans une étude publiée le 2 juillet par le Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB), une équipe de l’université Tufts (Massachusetts) a voulu tester de manière radicale la dynamique du souvenir : une fois que sa tête a repoussé, la planaire décapitée se rappelle-t-elle quelque chose de sa vie d’avant ? La question peut sembler insolite mais elle a déjà été posée il y a plus d’un demi-siècle, en 1959, par un chercheur nommé James McConnell, qui y avait répondu par l’affirmative.
    (…)Comment les souvenirs ont-ils pu être sauvegardés lors de la décapitation ? Ainsi que le résume Michael Levin, un des auteurs de cette étude, « nous n’avons pas la réponse à cette question. Ce dont nous apportons la preuve, c’est que, de manière remarquable, la mémoire semble être conservée en dehors du cerveau. »

  • House members introduce bill to stop TV devices from monitoring consumers at home
    http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/305625-house-members-introduce-bill-to-stop-tv-devices-from-spying-on-consu

    Reps. Mike Capuano (D-Mass.) and Walter Jones (R-N.C.) filed legislation that would regulate a new technology that targets TV ads to people by observing their activities and conversations while they watch TV via their set-top boxes and DVRs.

    Verizon, Intel and other tech companies have developed technology that utilizes infrared cameras and microphones built into cable boxes and DVRs to serve up targeted TV ads to people based on their conversations and activities while watching TV.

    #surveillance #marketing