#réintégration

#MNA #renvois #expulsions #mineurs_non-accompagnés #migrations #asile #réfugiés #mineurs #enfants #enfance #réintégration

Association qui fait aussi un travail de réintégration des réfugiés renvoyés depuis l’Europe :
#Association_malienne_des_expulsés
Notre association a été créée le 6 octobre 1996 suite à des expulsions massives de Maliens immigrés dans le monde entier (France, Angola, Arabie Saoudite, Libéria, Zambie, etc.). A cette époque, nos compatriotes, démunis et humiliés par leur mésaventure, se réunissaient au Haut Conseil des Maliens de l’Extérieur (HCME). Ousmane Diarra, expulsé d’Angola, prit l’initiative de les réunir pour tenter de leur venir en aide en créant l’Association des Maliens Expulsés (AME). Un collectif de soutien mobilisant plusieurs organisations et individus se mit en place pour mener des actions communes.

Une des premières actions significatives de l’AME fut d’organiser, en 1997 , une marche de soutien dans Bamako pour faire libérer 77 Maliens expulsés de France par le « 36e charter Debré » et emprisonnés par le gouvernement malien de l’époque. Deux semaines après cette marche, les expulsés emprisonnés étaient remis en liberté.

Grâce à un financement d’Emmaus France, un local a été loué pour accueillir les expulsés et leur permettre d’avoir un suivi médical et des soins. Certains expulsés avaient des séquelles consécutives à une grève de la faim, d’autres avaient subi des brutalités policières lors des expulsions. Nous déplorons le décès de deux personnes par manque de moyens financiers.

http://www.expulsesmaliens.info/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH132/siteon0-38e4a.jpg

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Compilation ici :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

L’impasse sur la migration assombrit les relations entre l’UE et l’Afrique

Le contrôle des migrations en provenance d’Afrique obsède les dirigeants européens. Le sujet pourrait aussi faire dérailler le principal accord politique de l’UE avec le continent africain.

Les dirigeants européens et africains sont très divisés sur la manière d’aborder la politique migratoire au travers des discussions qui démarrent pour renouveler l’accord de Cotonou.

Malgré les protestations des dirigeants de l’UE, lors d’une réunion avec son homologue de l’Union africaine Moussa Faki Mahamat en mai, le chef de la Commission européenne Jean-Claude Juncker a souligné que « la coopération avec l’Afrique va bien au-delà de la migration » . Il a aussi cité l’expression d’« un partenariat entre égaux » – ce à quoi personne ne croit.

Le mantra de la Commission européenne est que les outils d’investissement récemment mis en place par le bloc – le Fonds européen d’investissement extérieur et le Fonds fiduciaire pour l’Afrique – destinés au marché africain « s’attaqueront aux causes profondes de la migration ».

Finalisé en 2000, quand les migrations n’effrayaient pas les dirigeants européens, le contrôle des de l’immigration ne constitue qu’une partie mineure de l’accord de Cotonou. L’accord comprend des dispositions obligeant les pays africains à reprendre les migrants illégaux, mais elles n’ont jamais été utilisées.

En pratique, le seul accord de retour des migrants que l’UE a conclu avec un pays africain est avec le Cap-Vert, une île d’un peu plus de 500 000 habitants.

« La migration joue un rôle relativement mineur dans l’accord de Cotonou actuel », assure Carlos Lopes, Haut Représentant de l’Union africaine pour les négociations post-Cotonou.

Mais de nombreux pays européens ne veulent plus que l’immigration reste un point marginal du pacte. « Pour l’UE, la priorité est la migration, la sécurité, la croissance économique, puis le développement », a déclaré un dirigeant d’une ONG basée à Bruxelles qui participe aux pourparlers.

L’UE a déjà fait part de son intention de donner la priorité au contrôle des migrations dans le prochain accord, en conditionnant l’aide et les investissements financiers futurs aux pays africains qui redoublent d’efforts pour contrôler leurs frontières.

« Le nouveau partenariat de l’UE avec l’Afrique doit davantage se centrer sur la migration [politique] », a déclaré Koen Vervaeke, directeur général pour l’Afrique au Service européen pour l’action extérieure (SEAE), lors d’une réunion au groupe de réflexion de Chatham House en mars.

La préoccupation des pays de l’UE en matière de contrôle des migrations est telle que le mandat de négociation du bloc sur le nouvel accord de Cotonou n’a été approuvé qu’à la fin juin, après avoir été bloqué pendant plusieurs mois par un petit groupe d’États membres dirigé par la Hongrie et la Pologne.

Les deux pays de Visegrad, qui bloquent depuis deux ans tout quota européen de réinstallation des migrants d’Afrique du Nord, veulent que le chapitre de Cotonou couvrant la réadmission des migrants potentiels des pays ACP qui ne sont pas autorisés à rester en Europe soit considérablement renforcé.

En échange d’une meilleure politique de retour des migrants illégaux, les responsables de l’UE font la promesse d’assouplir les mécanismes légaux permettant aux migrants africains de se déplacer légalement en Europe.

Lors du sommet européen de juin, le communiqué approuvé par les dirigeants soulignait la nécessité d’« explorer le concept de centres régionaux de débarquement ».

Cependant, l’idée d’accueillir des « plates-formes » de migration a jusqu’à présent été rejetée catégoriquement par les pays africains. À commencer par le Maroc, qui a rejeté le concept lors d’un sommet de l’Union africaine le 2 juillet, quelques jours seulement après que les dirigeants de l’UE se sont mis d’accord pour poursuivre l’idée.

Les plate-formes, une solution de facilité

« C’est une solution facile et contre-productive », a déclaré le ministre marocain des Affaires étrangères, Nasser Bourita. Au lieu de cela, les dirigeants africains ont convenu de créer un Observatoire africain des migrations et du développement (OAMD), qui sera basé à Rabat, et se concentrera sur « l’harmonisation des stratégies nationales des États africains et l’amélioration de l’interaction avec les partenaires ».

Cependant, si les dirigeants africains ont jusqu’à présent refusé d’accueillir les nouveaux centres, Moussa Faki a déclaré que le continent portait sa propre responsabilité dans la crise migratoire, condamnant ce qu’il décrit comme des « actions intolérables » commises contre les migrants africains sur leur propre continent. Ces paroles n’ont pas encore été suivies d’actions concrètes de la part des gouvernements.

Après plus de trois ans de sommets UE-Afrique sans débouchés concrets sur un accord sur les migrations, il y a peu de signes d’une sortie de l’impasse au cours des 18 prochains mois de négociations. Mais cela ne risque pas de faire dérailler complètement les relations UE-ACP.

Un « no deal » sur la migration pourrait empêcher la conclusion d’un nouvel accord de Cotonou, mais ce dernier ne serait pas enterré. « Cotonou a le potentiel d’être étendu », a déclaré Carlos Lopes.

« Je dirais qu’il n’y a aucun risque qu’il n’y ait pas d’accord. Ce n’est pas comme le Brexit. Si nous n’avons pas d’accord d’ici 2020, nous étendrons ce que nous avons déjà. »

▻https://www.euractiv.fr/section/migrations/news/impasse-on-migration-clouds-eu-africa-relations

Dossier :
Accord de Cotonou : nouveau départ ou marche arrière ?

Conclu en 2000 au Bénin, l’accord de Cotonou a façonné les relations entre l’UE et les pays d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP) durant 20 ans. L’accord expire en 2020 et les négociations autour de son successeur débuteront la semaine prochaine.

Alors que le premier accord de Cotonou était largement perçu comme un instrument commercial et de développement, les priorités de Cotonou 2 pour les deux parties ont évolué. Les pays européens voient de plus en plus leurs relations avec l’Afrique à travers le prisme du contrôle de l’immigration.

Quant aux pays africains, ils sont en train de mettre en place leur propre zone de libre-échange au niveau du continent et parleront d’une seule et même voix lors de ces négociations. Les pays des Caraïbes et du Pacifique réclament quant à eux plus d’investissement et de commerce avec l’Europe.

Toutes ces requêtes sont-elles compatibles ?

▻https://www.euractiv.fr/section/all/special_report/eu-acp-relations-after-cotonou-agreement-re-set-re-launch-or-retreat

v. aussi :

Some EU states will offer in-kind support, used to set up a business, training or other similar activities. Others tailor their schemes for different countries of origin.

Some others offer cash handouts, but even those differ vastly.

Sweden, according to a 2015 European Commission report, is the most generous when it comes to cash offered to people under its voluntary return programme.

It noted that in 2014, the maximum amount of the in-cash allowance at the point of departure/after arrival varied from €40 in the Czech Republic and €50 in Portugal to €3,750 in Norway for a minor and €3,300 in Sweden for an adult.

Anti-migrant Hungary gave more (€500) than Italy (€400), the Netherlands (€300) and Belgium (€250).

However, such comparisons on cash assistance does not reveal the full scope of help given that some of the countries also provide in-kind reintegration support.

►https://euobserver.com/migration/140967

Freed from Libyan jails, frustrated migrants pose challenge to new Gambia

Thousands of thwarted migrants are returning to Gambia, straining its government as officials scramble to get European-funded reintegration projects up and running

▻http://news.trust.org/item/20180130000138-tbxxg
#frustration #réintégration #intégration

Gambia’s Migration Paradox: The Horror and Promise of the Back Way

Since democracy returned to The Gambia last year, many Gambians are coming home, including from Libya with E.U. aid. Some returnees are warning others against the journey, but many are frustrated that returns and deterrence took precedence over reintegration and jobs.
By November 2017, IOM received 3.9 million euro ($4.8 million) for a three-year returns and reintegration project in The Gambia, part of a region-wide project funded by the E.U. Trust Fund for Africa (#EUTF). IOM’s office in Banjul only had two staff before the EUTF project; it now has around two dozen.
In the year since February 2017, some 2,210 Gambian migrants returned from Libya and 520 others from Niger with IOM assistance. Among them, 1,375 arrived under the new EUTF project.
The deportation of Gambians from E.U. countries remained stubbornly low under the Jammeh government: 12,000 Gambians arrived in Italy in 2016 and just 15 returned, according to latest available Eurostat figures. (2017 figures reflecting the returns under the Barrow government will be published in May.)

https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180326080437/IRomanoMigrantsLanding0630171.jpg?w=640&fit=max&q=60&dpr=2#.jpg https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180326134435/GettyImages-841999592.jpg https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180326134547/DSC_0269.jpg

Gambie : back home

Ils s’appellent Mustapha et Karamo. Torturés, réduits en esclavage, ils ont vécu les pires sévices en essayant de se rendre en Europe.

Dans une geôle libyenne, ils se font fait une promesse : celle de rentrer chez eux et de dissuader leurs compatriotes de se rendre en Europe de façon illégale à travers le « #backway », cette route de tous les périls qui passe par la Libye. Des centaines de Gambiens y ont perdu la vie. La Gambie, ex-colonie britannique, est le plus petit pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. C’est pourtant l’un des plus importants contributeurs au flot de migrants traversant la Méditerranée.

Une quinzaine d’ex-migrants bénévoles, parcourt en caravane les régions rurales du nord du pays. Là où sévissent la pauvreté et le chômage, là où les enfants grandissent avec la seule perspective de quitter leur pays. Dans des écoles, au cours de séances de cinéma en plein air ou encore lors de rencontres avec les chefs locaux, les rapatriés vont partager leur calvaire pour essayer de mettre un terme à cette hémorragie humaine. Ils espèrent aussi convaincre les forces vives du pays du potentiel de cette « Nouvelle Gambie » et des ressources à développer.

Mais la route risque d’être longue. Malgré la récente stabilité politique, les promesses d’essor économique du nouveau gouvernement et les aides internationales, les changements radicaux se font attendre. Le tourisme et l’agriculture, asphyxiés par l’ancienne dictature de Jammeh, ne suffisent pas à donner de perspectives à cette nouvelle génération.

▻https://info.arte.tv/fr/gambie-back-home

#retour_au_pays #retour_volontaire #OIM #IOM #Libye #réintégration #dissuasion #sensibilisation #association_AIM #remittances

Ici un billet avec une suite des articles sur ce sujet :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/649717
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/649717#message653433

#retour_volontaire

cf. aussi ici :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/652350#message656947

#merci @02myseenthis01, en effet il s’agit d’articles qui traitent du retour volontaire, mais non pas de ce que je cherche (à moins que je n’ai pas loupé quelque chose), soit de personnes qui, une fois rapatriées via le programme de retour volontaires, décident de reprendre la route de la migration (comme c’est le cas des Afghans, beaucoup plus documenté, notamment par Liza Schuster : ▻https://www.city.ac.uk/people/academics/liza-schuster)

De rien, @cdb_77, merci surtout pour le lien de Liza Schuster - elle a l’air de toucher pas mal des points sensibles dans la discussion scientifique et de la pratique.

Encore un essai de ma part - selon l’information donnée peut-être dans le billet ici, commencé au Déc 2016 jusqu’à Juin/Julliet on l’y peut trouver.

►https://seenthis.net/messages/548137

@02myseenthis01 : j’ai pas mal utilisé les travaux de Liza Schuster pour soutenir mon propos dans cet article que j’ai publié sur le site de @lacite (si jamais cela t’intéresse) :

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55b0a2c5e4b07fa072ccba33/t/56c256180c4a682f8c8691bd/1455579578161/ruckkehr_1021_683.jpg?format=2500w#.jpg

Libya return demand triggers reintegration headaches

“This means that the strain on the assistance to integration of the country of origin has been particularly high because of the success, paradoxically of the return operation,” said Eugenio Ambrosi, IOM’s Europe director, on Monday (12 February).

“We had to try, and we are still trying, to scale up the reintegration assistance,” he said.

Since November, It has stepped up operations, along with the African Union, and helped 8,581 up until earlier this month. Altogether some 13,500 were helped given that some were also assisted by African Union states. Most ended up in Nigeria, followed by Mali and Guinea.

People are returned to their home countries in four ways. Three are voluntary and one is forced. The mixed bag is causing headaches for people who end up in the same community but with entirely different integration approaches.

“The level of assistance and the type of reintegration assistance that these different programmes offer is not the same,” noted Ambrosi.

►https://euobserver.com/migration/140967
#réintégration

Et une partie de cet article est consacrée à l’#aide_au_retour par les pays européens :

Some EU states will offer in-kind support, used to set up a business, training or other similar activities. Others tailor their schemes for different countries of origin.

Some others offer cash handouts, but even those differ vastly.

Sweden, according to a 2015 European Commission report, is the most generous when it comes to cash offered to people under its voluntary return programme.

It noted that in 2014, the maximum amount of the in-cash allowance at the point of departure/after arrival varied from €40 in the Czech Republic and €50 in Portugal to €3,750 in Norway for a minor and €3,300 in Sweden for an adult.

Anti-migrant Hungary gave more (€500) than Italy (€400), the Netherlands (€300) and Belgium (€250).

However, such comparisons on cash assistance does not reveal the full scope of help given that some of the countries also provide in-kind reintegration support.

For Refugees Detained in Libya, Waiting is Not an Option

Niger generously agreed to host these refugees temporarily while European countries process their asylum cases far from the violence and chaos of Libya and proceed to their resettlement. In theory it should mean a few weeks in Niger until they are safely transferred to countries such as France, Germany or Sweden, which would open additional spaces for other refugees trapped in Libya.

But the resettlement process has been much slower than anticipated, leaving Helen and hundreds of others in limbo and hundreds or even thousands more still in detention in Libya. Several European governments have pledged to resettle 2,483 refugees from Niger, but since the program started last November, only 25 refugees have actually been resettled – all to France.

As a result, UNHCR announced last week that Niger authorities have requested that the agency halt evacuations until more refugees depart from the capital, Niamey. For refugees in Libya, this means their lifeline to safety has been suspended.

Many of the refugees I met in Niger found themselves in detention after attempting the sea journey to Europe. Once intercepted by the Libyan coast guard, they were returned to Libya and placed in detention centers run by Libya’s U.N.-backed Government of National Accord (GNA). The E.U. has prioritized capacity building for the Libyan coast guard in order to increase the rate of interceptions. But it is an established fact that, after being intercepted, the next stop for these refugees as well as migrants is detention without any legal process and in centers where human rights abuses are rife.

▻https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2018/03/12/for-refugees-detained-in-libya-waiting-is-not-an-option

#limbe #attente

#réinstallation (qui évidemment ne semble pas vraiment marcher, comme pour les #relocalisations en Europe depuis les #hotspots...) :

Several European governments have pledged to resettle 2,483 refugees from Niger, but since the program started last November, only 25 refugees have actually been resettled – all to France.

“Death Would Have Been Better” : Europe Continues to Fail Refugees and Migrants in Libya

Today, European policies designed to keep asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants from crossing the Mediterranean Sea to Italy are trapping thousands of men, women and children in appalling conditions in Libya. This Refugees International report describes the harrowing experiences of people detained in Libya’s notoriously abusive immigration detention system where they are exposed to appalling conditions and grave human rights violations, including arbitrary detention and physical and sexual abuse.

►https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/libyaevacuations2018

#rapport

Lien vers le rapport :

The report is based on February 2018 interviews conducted with asylum seekers and refugees who had been evacuated by UNHCR from detention centers in Libya to Niamey, Niger, where these men, women, and children await resettlement to a third country. The report shows that as the EU mobilizes considerable resources and efforts to stop the migration route through Libya, asylum seekers, refugees and migrants continue to face horrendous abuses in Libya – and for those who attempt it, an even deadlier sea crossing to Italy. RI is particularly concerned that the EU continues to support the Libyan coast guard to intercept boats carrying asylum seekers, refugees and migrants and bring them back to Libyan soil, even though they are then transferred to detention centers.

►https://static1.squarespace.com/static/506c8ea1e4b01d9450dd53f5/t/5ad3ceae03ce641bc8ac6eb5/1523830448784/2018+Libya+Report+PDF.pdf
#évacuation #retour_volontaire #renvois #Niger #Niamey

#Return_migration – a regional perspective

The current views on migration recognize that it not necessarily a linear activity with a migrant moving for a singular reason from one location to a new and permanent destination. Within the study of mixed migration, it is understood that patterns of movements are constantly shifting in response to a host of factors which reflect changes in individual and shared experiences of migrants. This can include the individual circumstance of the migrant, the environment of host country or community, better opportunities in another location, reunification, etc.[1] Migrants returning to their home country or where they started their migration journey – known as return migration—is an integral component of migration.

Return migration is defined by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) as the act or process of going back to the point of departure[2]. It varies from spontaneous, voluntary, voluntary assisted and deportation/forced return. This can also include cyclical/seasonal return, return from short or long term migration, and repatriation. Such can be voluntary where the migrant spontaneously returns or assisted where they benefit from administrative, logistical, financial and reintegration support. Voluntary return includes workers returning home at the end of their labour arrangements, students upon completion of their studies, refugees and asylum seekers undertaking voluntary repatriation either spontaneously or with humanitarian assistance and migrants returning to their areas of origin after residency abroad. [3] Return migration can also be forced where migrants are compelled by an administrative or judicial act to return to their country of origin. Forced returns include the deportation of failed asylum seekers and people who have violated migration laws in the host country.

Where supported by appropriate policies and implementation and a rights-based approach, return migration can beneficial to the migrant, the country of origin and the host country. Migrants who successfully return to their country of origin stand to benefit from reunification with family, state protection and the possibility of better career opportunities owing to advanced skills acquired abroad. For the country of origin, the transfer of skills acquired by migrants abroad, reverse ‘brain drain’, and transactional linkages (i.e. business partnerships) can bring about positive change. The host country benefits from such returns by enhancing strengthened ties and partnerships with through return migrants. However, it is critical to note that return migration should not be viewed as a ‘solution’ to migration or a pretext to arbitrarily send migrants back to their home country. Return migration should be studied as a way to provide positive and safe options for people on the move.
Return migration in East Africa

The number of people engaging in return migration globally and in the Horn of Africa and Yemen sub-region has steadily increased in recent years. In 2016, IOM facilitated voluntary return of 98,403 persons worldwide through its assisted voluntary return and re-integration programs versus 69,540 assisted in 2015. Between December 2014 and December 2017, 76,589 refugees and asylum seekers were assisted by humanitarian organisations to return to Somalia from Kenya.

In contexts such as Somalia, where conflict, insecurity and climate change are common drivers for movement (in addition to other push and pull factors), successful return and integration of refugees and asylum seekers from neighbouring countries is likely to be frustrated by the failure to adequately address such drivers before undertaking returns. In a report titled ‘Not Time To Go Home: Unsustainable returns of refugees to Somalia’,Amnesty International highlights ongoing conflict and insecurity in Somalia even as the governments of Kenya and Somali and humanitarian agencies continue to support return programs. The United Nations has cautioned that South and Central parts of Somalia are not ready for large scale returns in the current situation with over 2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the country and at least half of the population in need of humanitarian assistance; painting a picture of returns to a country where safety, security and dignity of returnees cannot be guaranteed.

In March 2017, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ordered all undocumented migrants to regularize their status in the Kingdom giving them a 90-day amnesty after which they would face sanctions including deportations. IOM estimates that 150,000 Ethiopians returned to Ethiopia from Saudi Arabia between March 2017 and April 2018. Since the end of the amnesty period in November 2017, the number of returns to Ethiopia increased drastically with approximately 2,800 migrants being deported to Ethiopia each week. Saudi Arabia also returned 9,563 Yemeni migrants who included migrants who were no longer able to meet residency requirements. Saudi Arabia also forcibly returned 21,405 Somali migrants between June and December 2017.

Migrant deportations from Saudi Arabia are often conducted in conditions that violate human rights with migrants from Yemen, Somalia and Ethiopia reporting violations. An RMMS report titled ‘The Letter of the Law: Regular and irregular migration in Saudi Arabia in a context of rapid change’ details violations which include unlawful detention prior to deportation, physical assault and torture, denial of food and confiscation of personal property. There were reports of arrest and detention upon arrival of Ethiopian migrants who had been deported from Saudi Arabia in 2013 during which the migrants were reportedly tortured by Ethiopian security forces.

Further to this, the sustainability of such returns has also been questioned with reports of returnees settling in IDP camps instead of going back to their areas of origin. Such returnees are vulnerable to (further) irregular migration given the inability to integrate. Somali refugee returnees from Kenya face issues upon return to a volatile situation in Somalia, often settling in IDP camps in Somalia. In an RMMS research paper ‘Blinded by Hope: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Ethiopian Migrants’, community members in parts of Ethiopia expressed concerns that a large number of returnees from Saudi Arabia would migrate soon after their return.

In November 2017, following media reports of African migrants in Libya being subjected to human rights abuses including slavery, governments, humanitarian agencies and regional economic communities embarked on repatriating vulnerable migrants from Libya. African Union committed to facilitating the repatriation of 20,000 nationals of its member states within a period of six weeks. African Union, its member states and humanitarian agencies facilitated the return of 17,000 migrants in 2017 and a further 14,000 between January and March 2018.[4]
What next?

Return migration can play an important role for migrants, their communities, and their countries, yet there is a lack of research and data on this phenomenon. For successful return migration, the drivers to migration should first be examined, including in the case of forced displacement or irregular migration. Additionally, legal pathways for safe, orderly and regular migration should be expanded for all countries to reduce further unsafe migration. Objective 21 of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (Draft Rev 1) calls upon member states to ‘cooperate in facilitating dignified and sustainable return, readmission and reintegration’.

In addition, a legal and policy framework facilitating safe and sustainable returns should be implemented by host countries and countries of origin. This could build on bilateral or regional agreements on readmissions, creation of reception and integration agencies for large scale returns, the recognition and assurance of migrant legal status, provision of identification documents where needed, amending national laws to allow for dual citizenship, reviewing taxes imposed on the diaspora, recognition of academic and vocational skills acquired abroad, support to vulnerable returnees, financial assistance where needed, incentives to returnee entrepreneurs, programs on attracting highly skilled returnees. Any frameworks should recognize that people have the right to move, and should have their human rights and dignity upheld at all stages of the migration journey.

▻http://www.mixedmigration.org/articles/return-migration-a-regional-perspective

Reçu via la mailing-list Migreurop, le 20.09.2018

Niamey, le 20 septembre 2018

D’après des témoignages recueillis près du #centre_de_transit des #mineurs_non_accompagnés du quartier #Bobiel à Niamey (Niger), des rixes ont eu lieu devant le centre, ce mardi 18 septembre.

A ce jour, le centre compterait 23 mineurs et une dizaine de femmes avec des enfants en bas âge, exceptionnellement hébergés dans ce centre en raison du surpeuplement des structures réservées habituellement aux femmes.

Les jeunes du centre font régulièrement état de leurs besoins et du non-respect de leurs droits au directeur du centre. Certains y résident en effet depuis plusieurs mois et ils sont informés des services auxquels ils devraient avoir accès grâce à une #charte des centre de l’OIM affichée sur les murs (accès aux soins de santé, repas, vêtements - en particulier pour ceux qui sont expulsés de l’Algérie sans leurs affaires-, activité récréative hebdomadaire, assistance légale, psychologique...). Aussi, en raison de la lourdeur des procédures de « #retours_volontaires », la plupart des jeunes ne connaissent pas la date de leur retour au pays et témoignent d’un #sentiment_d'abandon.

Ces derniers jours certains jeunes ont refusé de se nourrir pour protester contre les repas qui leur sont servis (qui seraient identiques pour tous les centres et chaque jour).
Ce mardi, après un vif échange avec le directeur du centre, une délégation de sept jeunes s’est organisée et présentée au siège de l’OIM. Certains d’entre eux ont été reçus par un officier de protection qui, aux vues des requêtes ordinaires des migrants, s’est engagé à répondre rapidement à leurs besoins.
Le groupe a ensuite rejoint le centre où les agents de sécurité du centre auraient refusé de les laisser entrer. Des échanges de pierres auraient suivi, et les gardiens de la société #Gadnet-Sécurité auraient utilisé leurs matraques et blessé légèrement plusieurs jeunes. Ces derniers ont été conduits à l’hôpital, après toutefois avoir été menottés et amenés au siège de la société de gardiennage.

L’information a été diffusée hier soir sur une chaine de télévision locale mais je n’ai pas encore connaissance d’articles à ce sujet.

Alizée

#MNA #résistance #violence

Agadez, des migrants manifestent pour rentrer dans leurs pays

Des migrants ont manifesté lundi matin au centre de transit de l’Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (OIM). Ce centre est situé au quartier #Sabon_Gari à Agadez au Niger. Il accueille à ce jour 800 migrants.

Parmi eux, une centaine de Maliens. Ces migrants dénoncent la durée de leurs séjours, leurs conditions de vie et le manque de communication des responsables de l’OIM.

https://www.studiotamani.org/images/image/magazine/Aout_18/mag-210818.jpg

Il budget oscuro tra cooperazione e migrazione

Accoglierli, come accoglierli, salvarli in mare, respingerli, rimpatriarli, fermare i flussi o governarli. Parole ed espressioni già ricorrenti nel dibattito pubblico che sicuramente saranno temi centrali della campagna elettorale. A maggior ragione diventa imprescindibile la sempre valida domanda: con quali costi? Seguire i soldi in questo caso vuol dire accostare due settori apparentemente distanti: la cooperazione internazionale allo sviluppo e la gestione del fenomeno migratorio.

https://i.imgur.com/qnxvRHy.png https://i.imgur.com/jUPzjfn.png

Coopération UE-Afrique sur les migrations. Chronique d’un chantage

Alors que la communauté internationale fait mine de s’offusquer de la situation dramatique des personnes en migration en Libye, la Cimade, le collectif Loujna-Tounkaranké et le réseau Migreurop publient le rapport conjoint Coopération UE–Afrique, chronique d’un chantage. Outil de décryptage critique des mécanismes financiers et politiques de la coopération européenne sur les migrations avec les pays tiers, l’ouvrage appuie son analyse sur quatre pays africains : le Maroc, le Mali, le Sénégal et le Niger.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DUuNGmhXkAIBzPe.jpg:large

▻http://www.lacimade.org/presse/cooperation-ue-afrique-migrations-chronique-dun-chantage
#fonds_fiduciaire #fonds_fiduciaire_d’urgence #trust_fund

How weavers in Burkina Faso are now on Europe’s migration front line

The EU is pumping millions of euros of development aid into the poor Sahelian country to keep migrants at bay

http://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_large/public/weaving_workshop5.jpg?l.swVllY.Ll0DGE_J3HIPnxhHeDhOVFg&itok=i8sP6jm7#.jpg

Aide au développement : les ONG réfutent le lien migration/développement

« Nous, ONG, réfutons le lien entre #APD et politiques migratoires. L’APD doit réduire la pauvreté, c’est ça son objectif » a martelé avec conviction Bernard Pinaud du CCFD solidaire, suscitant de vifs applaudissements de l’ensemble des ONGs présentes.

▻https://blogs.mediapart.fr/aide-et-action/blog/230218/aide-au-developpement-les-ong-refutent-le-lien-migrationdeveloppemen

Respect des engagements : adoption de nouveaux programmes sur la protection des migrants et l’aide au retour et à la réintégration en Afrique, d’un montant de 150 millions d’euros

L’Union européenne adopte ce jour trois nouveaux programmes, d’une valeur supérieure à 150 millions d’euros, au titre du fonds fiduciaire d’urgence de l’Union européenne pour l’Afrique, faisant suite directement aux engagements pris par le groupe de travail commun Union africaine-Union européenne-Nations unies en vue de remédier à la situation des migrants en #Libye.

▻http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-1143_fr.htm

Aid and Migration : externalisation of Europe’s responsibilities

European countries have seen over 3.8 million people seeking asylum in its territories between 2013 and 2016. In response, Europe has developed several plans, agreements and policy Frameworks on Migration. The EU has also established a number of cooperation agreements with third countries, highlighting the importance of “addressing the root causes behind irregular migration to non-EU countries”. On top, we notice EU Aid budgets being increasingly spent in favour of “migration management”.

Development cooperation is more and more perceived by EU leaders as a tool to “control migration”, “manage migration” or “tackle the root causes of migration”. Why is that?

https://i.imgur.com/w2UQaN1.png

Pour télécharger le #rapport :
▻https://concordeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/CONCORD_AidWatchPaper_Aid_Migration_2018_online.pdf?7c2b17&7c2b17

Les partenariats entre l’Union européenne et les pays africains sur les migrations. Un enjeu commun, des intérêts contradictoires

Pour atteindre ses objectifs, l’UE s’est dotée d’un instrument financier qui s’est rapidement imposé comme l’outil le plus visible de la politique de partenariat en matière de migration. Le #Fonds_fiduciaire_d’urgence_pour_l’Afrique (#FFU), adopté au cours du sommet de #la_Valette de novembre 2015, est devenu le signe d’une synergie renforcée, voire d’un alignement, entre les objectifs des politiques migratoires, de #sécurité et de #développement. Cependant, loin de répondre aux principes de partenariat et de responsabilité partagée, le FFU, comme les autres cadres de dialogue, reste entre les mains des Européens qui imposent leurs objectifs et contrôlent leur mise en œuvre. Les pays africains y trouvent peu d’espace dans lequel ils pourraient participer à la définition des objectifs et des moyens d’action.

https://i.imgur.com/6dhv0dn.png

The 2017 Annual Report of the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa is available

The 2017 Annual report of the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa has been adopted by the Operational Comittee on 2 March 2018. It outlines the current state of affairs and the achievements of the Emergency Trust Fund for stability and addressing root causes of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa (the EUTF for Africa) up to December 2017.

The Report provides an overview of the strategic orientations, implementation and results achieved in each of the three regions of the EUTF for Africa.

In 2017, the EUTF for Africa focused on deploying activities at country and regional level to address the compelling needs of African partner countries while further translating the Trust Fund’s strategic priorities into action. During the year, 40 new programmes have been approved in the three regions, bringing the total of approved programmes at the end of 2017 to 143 including three which operate across several regions. With EUR 900 million contracted, the implementation pace of the EUTF for Africa has significantly improved in 2017 bringing the overall amount of signed contracts to EUR 1.5 billion with implementing partners since the inception of the Trust Fund.

Two years after its inception at the Valletta Summit on Migration, held in November 2015, the EUTF for Africa has further demonstrated its added value as a quick and effective implementing tool that facilitates political dialogue with partner countries, covers new sectors, allows innovative approaches, produces results, and pulls and attracts funding, expertise and experience from a variety of stakeholders and partners.

Through its activities, the EUTF for Africa has been working actively in the three regions to limit the combined effects of worsened security conditions and long-lasting challenges such as demographic pressure, institutional weaknesses and extreme poverty.

▻https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/all-news-and-stories/2017-annual-report_en
#rapport

v. aussi :

https://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/migration_graphs_7-07.jpg?v=1524048399#.jpg

Protecting and supporting migrants and refugees: new actions worth €467 million under the EU Trust Fund for Africa

European Commission - Press release

Brussels, 29 May 2018

The EU continues to deliver on its commitments to assist vulnerable migrants and refugees and address root causes of irregular migration. The new support measures in the Sahel/ Lake Chad region and the Horn of Africa will foster stability, jobs and growth, especially for young people and vulnerable groups.

They complement ongoing bilateral and multilateral efforts, such as through the Joint African Union – European Union – United Nations Task Force. Today’s additional funds will allow for live-saving assistance to be taken forward, including accelerating resettlements of refugees from Niger as a priority.

High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini said: "We continue working to save lives, provide safe and dignified returns and legal avenues, and tackle the root causes of migration, by creating jobs and growth. With the UNHCR, we have evacuated 1,287 refugees from Libya to Niger, who need to be resettled swiftly now. With the IOM, we helped 22,000 people to return home and provide reintegration assistance. Today’s additional commitments will further consolidate our work towards managing human mobility - in a humane, secure and dignified way together with our partners.”

Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development, Neven Mimica, said: “The majority of today’s €467 million assistance package will be dedicated towards improving employment opportunities, especially for young people. But challenges remain, and the Trust Fund’s resources are running out. If we want to continue our live-saving assistance, additional contributions by EU member states’ and other donors will be crucial.”

Measures adopted today focus on the following areas:

Protection and assistance for people on the move

The European Union’s work with the UNHCR has so far allowed for 1,287 refugees to be evacuated from Libya to Niger through the Emergency Transit Mechanism, with 108 people having been further resettled to Europe. In parallel, together with the International Organisation for Migration, 22,000 migrants stranded along the routes have been assisted to voluntarily return home, where they receive reintegration support. Today, the EU mobilises an additional €70 million, of which €10 million will support accelerating resettlements under the UNHCR’s Emergency Transit Mechanism and €60 million ensure that voluntary return and reintegration assistance can be continuously provided by the IOM. In Kenya, an innovative approach to piloting private sector development will promote better economic integration of refugees and supports the implementation of the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. Additional €20 million in regional support will help countries in the Horn of Africa, in developing and implementing sustainable and rights-based return and reintegration policies.

Increase stability, resilience of local populations and improve migration management

Increasing stability and supporting the resilience of local populations is one of the pillars of the EU’s integrated approach. In central Mali, activities worth €10 million will address the rapidly degrading security situation, to increase trust between Malian security forces and local populations. Further new activities will promote conflict prevention, foster food security in South Sudan or improve knowledge on malnutrition in Sudan. In Sudan, support will also enable humanitarian and development actors to access hard-to-reach areas. In Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau new measureswill help to set up a reliable civil identification registration and document issuance system, to allow the population to benefit from enhanced mobility, document security and better access to rights.

Economic opportunities for young people

Providing sustainable employment opportunities for young people is key to tackle the root causes of irregular migration. New actions will support the skills development and vocational training of young people to help create better employment opportunities, for example in Ethiopia, Nigeria or The Gambia. In Sudan, a new support project, will strengthen the job skills of young people and support them through training to establish and grow businesses. This project will target disadvantaged groups, such as refugees and internally displaced people and, like all EU assistance in Sudan, will be realised through trusted implementing partners.

In order to ensure continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of Trust Fund for Africa programmes, the funding of the dedicated monitoring and learning system has been doubled from €2 million to €4 million.

Background

The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa was established in 2015 in order to address the root causes of instability, irregular migration and forced displacement. Resources currently allocated to this Trust Fund are €3.4 billion from EU institutions, European Member States and other donors.

Today’s assistance adds to the 147 programmes that were already previously approved across the three regions (North of Africa, Sahel and Lake Chad region and Horn of Africa) worth a total of €2,594 million, which was divided as follows: Sahel/Lake Chad €1,293 million (79 programmes), Horn of Africa €820.3 million (50 programmes), North of Africa €335 million (14 programmes). This amount also includes 4 cross-region programmes (€145.1 million).

▻https://reliefweb.int/report/world/protecting-and-supporting-migrants-and-refugees-new-actions-worth-467-mil

Protection et aide pour les migrants et les réfugiés : nouvelles mesures d’un montant de 467 millions d’euros au titre du fonds fiduciaire de l’UE pour l’Afrique

L’Union européenne adopte ce jour des nouveaux programmes et projets pour un montant total de 467 millions d’euros au titre du fonds fiduciaire d’urgence pour l’Afrique.

L’UE continue de tenir les engagements qu’elle a pris de venir en aide aux migrants et réfugiés vulnérables et de lutter contre les causes profondes de la migration irrégulière. Les nouvelles mesures d’aide en faveur de la région du Sahel/du bassin du Lac Tchad et de la Corne de l’Afrique favoriseront la stabilité, l’emploi et la croissance, en particulier pour les jeunes et les groupes vulnérables.

Ces mesures viennent compléter les efforts actuellement déployés dans des cadres bilatéraux et multilatéraux, notamment par l’intermédiaire du groupe de travail conjoint de l’Union africaine, de l’Union européenne et des Nations unies. Les ressources financières supplémentaires débloquées ce jour permettront de poursuivre l’aide vitale, y compris d’accélérer en priorité les réinstallations de réfugiés en provenance du Niger.

Mme Federica Mogherini, haute représentante/vice-présidente, s’est exprimée dans les termes suivants : « Nous continuons à œuvrer pour sauver des vies, assurer le retour des réfugiés et des migrants en toute sécurité et dans la dignité, mettre en place des voies d’entrée légales et lutter contre les causes profondes de la migration en créant des emplois et de la croissance. Avec le HCR, nous avons procédé à l’évacuation de 1 287 réfugiés de la Libye vers le Niger, qu’il convient de réinstaller dans les plus brefs délais. Avec l’OIM, nous avons aidé 22 000 personnes à rentrer dans leur pays et avons fourni une aide à leur réintégration. Avec les nouveaux engagements pris ce jour, nous continuerons à consolider nos travaux pour gérer, conjointement avec nos partenaires, la mobilité des personnes de façon humaine, sûre et digne. »

M. Neven Mimica, commissaire chargé de la coopération internationale et du développement a, quant à lui, fait la déclaration suivante : « La majeure partie du programme d’aide de 467 millions d’euros annoncé ce jour visera à améliorer les possibilités d’emploi, en particulier pour les jeunes. Mais des problèmes subsistent et les ressources du fonds fiduciaire s’épuisent. Il est essentiel que les États membres de l’UE et d’autres bailleurs de fonds fournissent des contributions supplémentaires si nous voulons continuer à apporter une aide vitale. »

Les mesures adoptées aujourd’hui se concentrent sur les domaines suivants :

Protection et assistance pour les populations en déplacement

Grâce à la coopération entre l’Union européenne et le HCR, 1 287 réfugiés ont jusqu’à présent pu être évacués de Libye vers le Niger par l’intermédiaire du mécanisme de transit d’urgence ; 108 personnes ont en outre été réinstallées en Europe. En parallèle, 22 000 migrants bloqués le long des routes migratoires ont bénéficié d’une aide au retour volontaire vers leur pays d’origine, où ils ont reçu une aide à la réintégration, fournie conjointement avec l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations. L’UE mobilise ce jour un montant supplémentaire de 70 millions d’euros ; sur cette somme, 10 millions d’euros seront consacrés à accélérer les réinstallations dans le cadre du mécanisme de transit d’urgence du HCR et 60 millions d’euros permettront de garantir que la continuité de l’aide au retour volontaire et à la réintégration apportée par l’OIM. Au #Kenya, une approche innovante pour conduire le développement du secteur privé favorisera une meilleure intégration économique des réfugiés et soutiendra la mise en œuvre du cadre d’action global pour les réfugiés. Un soutien régional supplémentaire de 20 millions d’euros aidera les pays de la #Corne_de_l'Afrique à élaborer et à mettre en œuvre des #politiques_de_retour et de #réintégration durables et fondées sur les droits.

Renforcement de la stabilité et de la résilience des populations locales et amélioration de la gestion de la migration

Le renforcement de la stabilité et le soutien à la résilience des populations locales sont l’un des piliers de l’approche adoptée par l’UE. Dans le centre du #Mali, des mesures, dotées d’un budget de 10 millions d’euros, seront destinées à remédier à la situation en matière de sécurité, qui se détériore rapidement, afin d’accroître la confiance entre les forces de sécurité maliennes et les populations locales. En outre, des activités nouvelles favoriseront la prévention des conflits, encourageront la #sécurité_alimentaire au #Soudan_du_Sud ou amélioreront les connaissances sur la malnutrition au #Soudan. Au Soudan, l’aide permettra également aux acteurs de l’aide humanitaire et à ceux du développement de se rendre dans des zones difficiles d’accès. Au #Cap-Vert et en #Guinée-Bissau, les nouvelles mesures contribueront à mettre en place un système fiable d’état civil et de délivrance de documents pour permettre à la population de bénéficier d’une mobilité accrue, de la sécurité des documents et d’un meilleur accès aux droits.

Des perspectives économiques pour les jeunes

Il est essentiel d’offrir des possibilités d’emploi durable aux jeunes pour lutter contre les causes profondes de la migration irrégulière. Les nouvelles actions soutiendront le développement des compétences et la #formation_professionnelle des jeunes pour contribuer à améliorer les possibilités d’#emploi, par exemple en #Éthiopie, au #Nigeria ou en #Gambie. Au Soudan, un nouveau programme d’aide renforcera les compétences professionnelles des jeunes et les aidera à créer et à développer des entreprises grâce à des actions de #formation. Ce projet ciblera les groupes défavorisés, comme les réfugiés et les personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du pays et, à l’instar de tous les programmes d’assistance de l’UE au Soudan, sera mis en œuvre par des partenaires de confiance.

Les ressources financières du système spécifique de suivi et d’apprentissage ont été doublées et sont passées de 2 millions à 4 millions d’euros afin de garantir le suivi permanent de l’efficacité des programmes financés par le fonds fiduciaire pour l’Afrique.

Contexte

Le fonds fiduciaire d’urgence de l’UE pour l’Afrique a été créé en 2015 en vue de remédier aux causes profondes de l’instabilité, de la migration irrégulière et des déplacements forcés. Ce fonds fiduciaire est actuellement doté d’un budget de 3,4 milliards d’euros provenant des institutions de l’UE, des États membres ainsi que d’autres bailleurs de fonds.

L’aide annoncée ce jour vient s’ajouter aux 147 programmes approuvés précédemment en faveur de trois régions (Afrique du Nord, région du Sahel/bassin du lac Tchad et Corne de l’Afrique) pour un montant total de 2 594 millions d’euros, répartis de la façon suivante : 1 293 millions d’euros pour la région du Sahel/le bassin du Lac Tchad (79 programmes) ; 820,3 millions d’euros pour la Corne de l’Afrique (50 programmes) et 335 millions d’euros pour l’Afrique du Nord (14 programmes). Ce montant inclut également quatre programmes multi-volets (145,1 millions d’euros).

▻http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-3968_fr.htm
#développement

Instrumentalisation de l’aide publique au développement

L’Union européenne utilise les financements de l’#Aide_publique_au_développement (#APD) pour contrôler les flux migratoires, comme avec le #Centre_d’Information_et_de_Gestion_des_Migrations (#CIGEM) inauguré en octobre 2008 à #Bamako au #Mali par exemple4. Ainsi, le 10e #Fonds_européen_de_développement (#FED) finance, en #Mauritanie, la #formation de la #police_aux_frontières. Pour atteindre les objectifs qu’ils se sont eux mêmes fixés (allouer 0,7 % du revenu national brut à l’APD), certains États membres de l’UE comptabilisent dans l’APD des dépenses qui n’en sont clairement pas. Malgré les réticences des États membres à harmoniser leurs politiques migratoires internes, ils arrivent à se coordonner pour leur gestion extérieure.

►https://www.lautrequotidien.fr/articles/lesprofiteurs

#parcours_migratoire #itinéraire_migratoire #renvois #expulsions #retour_au_pays #réintégration #flèches #réfugiés #réfugiés_afghans

Afghans Returned From Europe Look to Escape War Again

Despite growing bloodshed in Afghanistan, fewer Afghans are recognized as refugees in Europe and many are sent home to a country still at war and struggling to integrate massive numbers of returnees, Ruchi Kumar reports for IRIN News.

https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180108085818/afghanistan-returnees-21.jpg?w=640&fit=max&q=60&dpr=2#.jpg

#migrerrance

As conflict spreads, chronic displacement becomes a powderkeg in Afghanistan

Thirty-year-old Mohammad isn’t sure who shelled his home in eastern Afghanistan’s #Khogyani District: Taliban insurgents, or fighters aligned with the so-called Islamic State.

▻https://www.irinnews.org/feature/2018/04/09/conflict-spreads-chronic-displacement-becomes-powderkeg-afghanistan
#EI #Etat_islamique #talibans

Afghanistan: Insurgent Attacks on Civilians Escalate

Increased insurgent attacks on civilians in Afghanistan have left victims’ families and survivors in dire need of financial, medical, and psychosocial support, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The Afghan government should ensure programs to assist victims of attacks by the Taliban and Islamic State-linked armed groups reach those in need.

“Insurgents who detonate bombs in mosques or at busy intersections with the intent of inflicting maximum civilian casualties are committing war crimes,” said Patricia Gossman, senior Afghanistan researcher at Human Rights Watch and author of the report. “Victims’ families and survivors may lose livelihoods and suffer harms that persist long after the attack. But Afghan government efforts to help these families has fallen short.”

▻https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/05/08/afghanistan-insurgent-attacks-civilians-escalate

#Rapport “No safe place”:

https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/cover/public/multimedia_images_2018/201805asia_afghanistan_cover.jpg?itok=5ysf31xY#.jpg

Afghanistan: Where home is a battlefield

Aid agencies in Afghanistan are bracing for another refugee influx, but long-term reintegration plans are absent.

After two decades in Pakistan, 35-year-old Durkhane is finally back in her native Afghanistan – but she has nowhere to go.

https://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_large/public/afghanistan-pakistan_returnees_04.jpg?yfjBUlDyKsb0OoB.MKBASYxAj5pxB0WQ&itok=OoM1J5Zu#.jpg https://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_large/public/afghanistan-pakistan_returnees_01.jpg?3eJ_yhFbti0Rwsc0W95jkI3iTfoj4SqH&itok=kn08v3dn#.jpg

Im Folgenden finden Sie eine Auswahl an Links zu Handreichungen mit spezifischen Informationen zur Situation afghanischer Geflüchteter. Bitte beachten sie, dass diese Informationen keine Beratung durch eine Rechtsanwältin oder einen Rechtsanwalt im Asyl- und Ausländerrecht ersetzen.

▻https://www.fluechtlingsrat-bayern.de/material-507.html

The Netherlands – Amsterdam Court blocks return of Afghan national due to the dangerous security situation in #Kunduz Province

On 7 September, the Administrative Chamber of the Court of Amsterdam decided on the case of an Afghan national, who had fled his country on the grounds of being the target of Taliban groups. A decision by the Secretary for Justice and Security had rejected the applicant’s request to be granted a temporary residence permit, leading the applicant to bring the case before the administrative judicial authorities.

The Administrative Court considered, inter alia, that the domestic authorities denied temporary residence status, without referring to the security situation in the province of Kunduz – the applicant’s region of origin. It noted that since the contested decision was made, updated information on the security situation in Afghanistan had become available, including an official report by the Dutch authorities, as well as the 2018 EASO report and respective guidance note. After examining the reports, the Court decided that the number of security incidents had to be considered as high, despite a decrease in comparison to 2016.

More specifically, it noted that the deterioration of the situation in Kunduz is rather evident, being one of the four provinces with ’very high protection concerns’ due to the large number of displaced people and returnees, with IEDs also posing serious dangers. The Court concluded that the security situation in Kunduz is very serious, while the applicant’s age and gender should also be taken into consideration, as he remains a target of interest for Taliban groups recruiting local young men. The Court sent the case back to the domestic authorities for reconsideration according to the appellate judgment’s findings.

▻https://mailchi.mp/ecre/elena-weekly-legal-update-28-september-2018#11

Juncker : « les États membres contribuent trop peu au fonds pour l’Afrique »

Après un premier tour de négociations lors du premier jour du Conseil, le président de la Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, a prévenu devant la presse que l’action extérieure de l’UE atteignait ses limites à cause d’un manque de financement.

▻https://www.euractiv.fr/section/migrations/news/juncker-member-states-committed-too-little-for-africa-fund
#fonds_pour_l'afrique

“EU-Africa migration funds were used on Libya’s coast guard patrol vessels »

Genoa - EU international cooperation funding destined for development projects in Africa was used to refurbish patrol boats for Libya’s coast guard, and handed over to Libyan militia units who practice torture and extrajudicial killings, in violation of Libyan and international standards.

▻http://www.themeditelegraph.com/en/markets/finance-and-politics/2017/11/16/africa-migration-funds-were-used-libya-coast-guard-patrol-vessels-ZxeIfzI2rMZYW6ixGchHKP/index.html

#Libye #gardes-côtes_libyens #externalisation #développement #aide_au_développement

–-> je ne sais pas si le fonds dans lequel il est question ici c’est aussi celui qui est mentionné dans le premier article de la liste... @isskein : tu en sais plus ?

Europe’s Plan to Close Its Sea Borders Relies on Libya’s Coast Guard Doing Its Dirty Work, Abusing Migrants

When a Libyan coast guard officer raised his hands and pointed, as if holding a rifle, Thomas Schaible wasn’t too worried. It wasn’t his first violent encounter with the Libyan coast guard, but this time, with a helicopter from the Italian navy overhead and Italian and French warships nearby, Schaible knew it was an empty threat.

►https://theintercept.com/2017/11/25/libya-coast-guard-europe-refugees

Libya human bondage risks overshadowing Africa-EU summit

#Mogherini was questioned about the EU’s strategy of outsourcing the migration crisis to foreign countries such as Libya and Turkey, which received billions to prevent Syrian refugees from crossing to Greece.

She said the situation was different on two counts: first, the migrants stranded in Libya were not legitimate asylum seekers like those fleeing the war in Syria. And second, different international bodies were in charge.

“When it comes to Turkey, it is mainly refugees from Syria; when it comes to Libya, it is mainly migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and the relevant international laws apply in different manners and the relevant UN agencies are different – the UNHCR on one side, especially in Turkey, and the IOM especially in Libya.”

►https://www.euractiv.com/section/development-policy/news/libya-human-bondage-risks-overshadowing-africa-eu-summit
#IOM #OIM #HCR #Libye #Turquie #migrants_économiques #réfugiés #tri #catégorisation

En lien avec cela, lire:
▻http://seen.li/dn2v
#mixed_migrations

Commission européenne - Fond fiduciaire d’urgence pour l’Afrique - Nouveaux programmes

Trois nouveaux programmes d’un montant de 29,6 millions d’euros ont été adoptés dans le cadre du Fonds fiduciaire d’urgence de l’UE pour l’Afrique. Ces programmes complètent l’action de l’UE visant à relever les défis de la migration en Méditerranée. Ces nouveaux programmes intensifieront le travail en cours de l’UE pour renforcer la protection des migrants, soutenir leur réintégration durable et permettre une augmentation du nombre de retours volontairement assistés depuis la Libye. Ils contribueront également à la lutte contre les réseaux criminels dans la région.

Three new programmes worth €29.6 million have been adopted in the framework of the EU Trust Fund for Africa as part of EU work in addressing migration challenges in the Mediterranean. A set of priorities for 2018 have also been agreed.

These new programmes will step up the EU’s ongoing work to strengthening protection of migrants, support sustainable reintegration and provide assisted voluntary returns. The programmes will also contribute to fight criminal networks across the region.

High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini said: “Last week we established a joint EU/AU/UN Task Force to accelerate our work to protect migrants and refugees and fight the criminal networks. With these new programmes, we will step up our commitments, save lives, guarantee the respect of human rights and of international standards, provide alternatives to those wishing to return to their homes and support to host communities. We already assisted over 14,000 people stranded in Libya to return and will support an additional 15,000 returns by February 2018. And we will support our partners to counter traffickers and smugglers, assisting them in bringing peace and security to the region.”

Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Johannes Hahn said: “The current challenges in the Mediterranean Sea remain a top priority for the European Union. The EU Trust Fund for Africa continues to take action to tackle the root causes of irregular migration and to defend the rights of people who risk falling into the hands of traffickers and smugglers. With our new programmes, we will help dismantle criminal networks in North of Africa, support migrants who wish to return to their home countries and facilitate access for migrants to legal advice. We will also promote socio-economic integration in Morocco and will foster socio-economic development of the Libyan Municipalities”.

Regional programme - Facility for Migrant Protection and Reintegration in North Africa, €10 million

This programme will be implemented by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), and will further contribute to the ongoing efforts under the assistance voluntary return scheme. It will strengthen protection of migrants, support sustainable reintegration systems in North Africa and provide assisted voluntary return to migrants wishing to return to their home from Northern Africa. This Facility is conceived as a regional flexible mechanism able to adapt to the specific needs of the countries. This is yet another action towards enhancing support to stranded migrants as well as reinforcing national return and reintegration systems across the North of Africa region.

Regional programme - Dismantling the criminal networks operating in North Africa and involved in migrant smuggling and human trafficking, €15 million

This project will focus on regional dimension of fight against smugglers and traffickers. It will target the public sector of the countries in the region (in particular the Ministries of Interior, Justice, Finance, and Health). Under this programme, implemented by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), capacity-building as well as light equipment, such as IT and forensic tools, will be provided to actors dealing with law enforcement and criminal justice. The final beneficiaries will be the general public, victims of trafficking, smuggled migrants, and families of the latter two categories.

Morocco - Legal Empowerment for migrants, €4.58 million

This programme implemented by the Belgian Technical Cooperation will reinforce the protection and resilience of migrants and refugees, displaced persons and host communities in Morocco. Whilst strengthening awareness on their rights and access to legal counselling, the project will also contribute to promote the socio-economic integration of migrants and facilitate migrants’ integration in the Moroccan society. This is a new very specific action complementing the EU support to the implementation of the Moroccan National Strategy on Migration (SNIA). The programme will support actors who help migrants and refugees access to their rights, such as lawyers, students, civil society associations and justice staff. It will develop and create legal clinics in Rabat, Casablanca, Tanger and Oujda.

Objectives for 2018

The Commission also outlined the priorities of the EUTF/North of Africa window for 2018. The situation in Libya will remain a top priority, with on the one hand increased efforts for the protection of migrants and refugees, including through the support for additional assisted voluntary returns and support for evacuation of the most vulnerable ones (in line with the recent decision of the EU-African Union summit); and on the other hand support to host communities. More specifically, funding will be provided to the UNHCR’s evacuation mechanism through the EUTF and discussions with the IOM on additional measures under the assisted voluntary return scheme are being finalised. The Commission is also working together with Italy on a new initiative to be presented to the Operational Committee early in 2018, which is aimed at fostering the socio-economic development of the Libyan Municipalities, on the basis of needs of local authorities and in close coordination with the PC/Government of National Accord (GNA).

▻http://www.europeanmigrationlaw.eu/fr/articles/actualites/commission-europeenne-fond-fiduciaire-d-urgence-pour-l-afrique-

Come viene usato il Fondo Fiduciario per l’Africa?

“Vertice UE-Africa: l’Europa non paga”. Così titolava il settimanale tedesco Der Spiegel alla vigilia del Summit di Abidjan di fine novembre, evidenziando un problema crescente nell’approccio europeo al contenimento dei flussi migratori: come reperire le risorse con cui finanziare il Fondo fiduciario per l’Africa. Perché se da un lato aumentano obiettivi e programmi da finanziare, dall’altro non cresce il coinvolgimento economico dei governi europei.

▻http://openmigration.org/analisi/come-viene-usato-il-fondo-fiduciario-per-lafrica

2.12.2017 – Commission européenne - Fond fiduciaire d’urgence pour l’Afrique - Nouvelles actions pour renforcer la stabilité dans la corne de l’Afrique

Le Comité opérationnel du Fond fiduciaire d’urgence pour l’Afrique a adopté une nouvelle série de 13 programmes d’un montant de 174,4 millions d’euros pour la région de la #Corne_de_l'Afrique

▻http://www.europeanmigrationlaw.eu/fr/articles/actualites/commission-europeenne-fond-fiduciaire-d-urgence-pour-l-afrique-

EU ACTION IN LIBYA ON MIGRATION
▻https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/20171207_eu_action_in_libya_on_migration_en.pdf

Fondo Africa, quelle risorse destinate a progetti lontani dall’aiuto allo sviluppo

Il dossier realizzato sugli atti di delibera e ottenuto grazie alla richiesta dell’Associazione per gli Studi giuridici sull’Immigrazione (ASGI) e sulla risposta del sottosegretario agli Esteri Della Vedova all’interrogazione del PD sull’utilizzo delle risorse stanziate. Risorse spese in Tunisia, Niger e Libia che pongono, secondo ActionAid, problemi di costituzionalità e trasparenza

▻http://www.repubblica.it/solidarieta/cooperazione/2017/12/18/news/fondo_africa-184514509

Libyan coast guard attacks rescuers after training by EU military operation

▻http://www.statewatch.org/news/2017/dec/eu-libyan-coast-guard-eu-training-abuses-hunko-pr-18-12-17.pdf

A ‘blind spot’ in the migration debate? International responsibility of the EU and its Member States for cooperating with the Libyan coastguard and militias

The discussion on the restrictive migration management policies of the European Union (EU) and its Member States (MS) has so far focused on the potential violation of the primary rules of international law that determine the conduct of subjects of international law. The question of applicability of the secondary rules of international responsibility that provide for the consequences of the commitment of a wrongful act has attracted less attention. The main question in the current context is whether the cooperation of the EU and its MS with the Libyan coastguard and militias with the view of stemming irregular migration flows to Europe generates international responsibility for the above actors. More specifically, it is asked whether there is an autonomous basis in the law of international responsibility for holding the EU and its the MS responsible for the violations of human rights occurring in Libya, even if they do not exercise directly jurisdiction over migrants. Three aspects of this theme will be developed here: first, the nature and scope of the cooperation of the EU and its MS, in particular Italy, with the Libyan authorities, coastguard and militias in view of restricting the access of migrants to the EU; second, the extent of human rights violations of migrants in Libya; and third, the alleged complicity and responsibility of the EU and MS for the violations of these rights.

▻http://eumigrationlawblog.eu/a-blind-spot-in-the-migration-debate-international-responsibility

L’Europe affirme que la formation des gardes-côtes libyens avance

La formation des gardes-côtes libyens, notamment pour le sauvetage de migrants, avance, a déclaré jeudi à Tunis le commandant de l’opération navale européenne Sophia, chargée de lutter contre les passeurs.

« La formation se passe bien », a affirmé Enrico Credendino, commandant de la force navale européenne en Méditerranée (Sophia).

« Les gardes-côtes libyens ont été très actifs, en particulier au cours du second semestre 2017. Ils ont secouru beaucoup de migrants, presque 18.000 alors qu’en 2015 par exemple, ils en avaient secouru seulement 800 », a-t-il précisé.

Lancée en 2015 par l’UE, l’opération navale Sophia est chargée de lutter contre les passeurs et de former les gardes-côtes libyens.

Sa mission a été reconduite en juillet par le Conseil européen jusqu’en décembre 2018.

Déchirée par les rivalités entre groupes armés et les autorités qui se disputent le pouvoir, la Libye a sombré dans le chaos depuis la chute du régime de Mouammar Kadhafi en 2011.

Des centaines de milliers de migrants, certains fuyant des conflits, d’autres la pauvreté tentent de traverser la Méditerranée depuis la Libye pour rejoindre l’Europe. Depuis le début de l’année, au moins 337 d’entre eux sont morts ou disparus au large de la Libye, selon l’Organisation internationale des migrations.

▻https://www.voaafrique.com/a/migrations-formations-de-garde-cotes-libyens-avance/4300524.html
#Opération_sophia

A mettre en lien avec cet article :
La guardia costiera libica minaccia l’ong Proactiva Open Arms
►https://www.internazionale.it/bloc-notes/annalisa-camilli/2018/03/16/guardia-costiera-libica-open-arms

Un film de #Andrea_Segre, à voir absolument. Il montre les manoeuvres italiennes en Libye:
L’ordine delle cose (L’ordre des choses):

Rinaldi, policier italien de grande expérience, est envoyé par son gouvernement en Libye afin de négocier le maintien des migrants sur le sol africain. Sur place, il se heurte à la complexité des rapports tribaux libyens et à la puissance des trafiquants exploitant la détresse des réfugiés.
Au cours de son enquête, il rencontre dans un centre de rétention, Swada, une jeune somalienne qui le supplie de l’aider. Habituellement froid et méthodique, Rinaldi va devoir faire un choix douloureux entre sa conscience et la raison d’Etat : est-il possible de renverser l’ordre des choses ?

http://www.jolefilm.com/wp-content/uploads/70x100-OrdineDelleCose-Manifesto-WEB.jpg

▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b8mp4N4Blw

Il est actuellement en salle à Grenoble...

#film

Migranti, gli occhi della Libia sui radar europei nel Mediterraneo

A dicembre 2016 un ufficiale di collegamento della guardia costiera libica è entrato nel cuore del #Sea_Horse_Mediterranean_Network, il sistema di monitoraggio dell’Unione per il controllo delle frontiere Sud del Mediterraneo e che vede in prima linea l’Italia. Ma il governo libico era ritenuto inaffidabile dalla Commissione Ue nel 2015 ed escluso dal progetto. Ora perché è coinvolto? E a quale titolo?

Occhi elettronici. Radar potenti e sofisticati. Satelliti militari in grado di scansionare ogni centimetro quadrato del Mediterraneo centrale, quel pezzo di mare tra la Libia e l’Italia divenuto tomba per migliaia di migranti, morti mentre cercavano di fuggire alle guerre dei loro paesi e alle torture dei carcerieri libici. Mezzi straordinariamente potenti, soprattutto se messi in rete, formando un flusso di dati in grado di salvare vite – avvistando ogni piccolo gommone che tenta la traversata – e di bloccare i traffici. Non solo di esseri umani, ma anche di petrolio, droga, armi. Si chiama Sea Horse Mediterranean Network ed è l’asset più prezioso della rete di controllo della frontiera sud dell’Europa.

Un progetto costato milioni di euro, promosso direttamente dall’Unione europea e che vede un ruolo da protagonista dell’Italia. Una rete che – stando a documenti consultati da Famiglia Cristiana – potrebbe però cadere in pessime mani. Quelle delle milizie libiche, ovvero le forze di Tripoli che compongono quella stessa Guardia costiera pronta ad usare le armi contro le Ong, accusata un anno fa dalle Nazioni Unite di essere stata complice in alcuni casi degli stessi trafficanti. Il progetto in origine riguardava l’area dell’Atlantico. La responsabilità, in quel caso, era stata affidata alla Guardia Civil spagnola e l’area interessata era sostanzialmente il tratto di mare a sud delle Canarie, una delle rotte delle migrazioni via mare attive fino a una decina di anni fa. Il sistema permette di «scambiare informazioni via satellite per combattere l’immigrazione irregolare via mare», si legge in un documento delle autorità spagnole che abbiamo consultato, creando dei punti di contatto in ogni paese coinvolto «per accedere a questa rete sicura».

Le informazioni raccolte sono estremamente sensibili e costituiscono una base di conoscenza e di intelligence sicuramente strategica. Dopo l’avvio di una prima fase sulla zona atlantica, il progetto Sea Horse punta, dal 2015, al Mediterraneo. Tre i paesi del nord Africa coinvolti: l’Egitto, la Tunisia e la Libia. Nel novembre del 2015 il commissario europeo Dimitris Avramopoulos aveva risposto ad una interrogazione delle deputate europee Sabine Lösing e Cornelia Ernst (GUE/NGL), spiegando che il progetto era in una fase di stallo. Il problema principale riguardava proprio la Libia: «A causa della situazione d’insicurezza e alla mancanza di stabilità del governo nazionale libico – si legge nella risposta all’interrogazione pubblicata sul sito del Parlamento europeo – tutte le attività per installare il #National_Contact_Point in Libia sono sospese. Di conseguenza le autorità libiche interessate non sono collegate al #Mebocc, che sarà ospitato dal centro di coordinamento italiano per la sorveglianza delle frontiere».

La sigla Mebocc sta per #Mediterranean_Border_Cooperation_Center, ed è il cuore della rete di controllo del mare tra Italia e Libia. La collocazione di questo centro, come ha spiegato il commissario europeo, è prevista nel nostro paese, con un backup a Malta. Tutto, però, sembrava fermo fino al novembre del 2015.

Un ufficiale di collegamento libico era presente nel cuore della rete europea di sorveglianza delle frontiere marittime

Alla fine del 2016, dopo il cambio ai vertici del ministero dell’Interno e l’arrivo di Marco Minniti, il progetto ha subito un’accelerazione. Nella “Relazione sulla performance per il 2016” del Viminale c’è un paragrafo dove si annuncia l’operatività del progetto: «L’infrastruttura satellitare», si legge nel documento, «è stata installata nel #Centro_Interforze_di_Gestione_e_Controllo (#CIGC) #SICRAL di Vigna di Valle, teleporto principale del Ministero della Difesa, mentre presso il Centro Nazionale di Coordinamento per l’immigrazione “Roberto Iavarone” – #EUROSUR, sede del MEBOCC, sono stati installati gli altri apparati funzionali alla rete di comunicazione. Al 31 dicembre 2016, quello dell’Italia risultava essere l’unico nodo realmente attivo e pronto per le comunicazioni».

Tutto pronto, dunque, per operare. Pronto e operativo, a quanto sembra, era anche il governo libico, che solo un anno prima veniva definito instabile dalla Commissione europea. Si legge nel rapporto del Ministero dell’Interno, documento che Famiglia Cristiana ha consultato: «Si segnala inoltre che nel 2016, nell’ambito del progetto Sea Horse Mediterranean Network, quattro ufficiali della Guardia Costiera – Marina Militare Libica sono stati ospitati in Italia, in qualità di osservatori, uno presso l’#ICC - #International_Coordination_Center, altri due imbarcati sull’assetto spagnolo “#Rio_Segura” durante il mese di settembre e uno presso il Centro nazionale di coordinamento – EUROSUR della Direzione Centrale per l’Immigrazione dal 5 al 9 dicembre, con funzioni di collegamento con le autorità libiche e per migliorare/stimolare la cooperazione nella gestione degli eventi di immigrazione irregolare provenienti dalla Libia».

Dunque un ufficiale di collegamento libico era presente nel cuore della rete europea di sorveglianza delle frontiere marittime del Mediterraneo poco più di un anno fa. Fatto che potrebbe avere come conseguenza la possibilità di accesso al sistema Sea Horse da parte del governo di Tripoli, impegnato, come abbiamo visto, nel respingimento in mare dei migranti che fuggono dal Nord Africa verso l’Europa. La sensibilità delle informazioni che il network raccoglie e gestisce è evidente. Un mese fa è stata presentata una seconda interrogazione al Parlamento europeo per capire se i libici già sono in grado di accedere ai dati dei satelliti che monitorano il Mediterraneo: «Dove, in Libia o in Italia, sono stati realizzati i Centri Operativi (ad esempio il Mebocc) e quali autorità o milizie sono coinvolte?», hanno chiesto i deputati Sabine Lösing e Cornelia Ernst. Al momento non hanno ottenuto nessuna risposta. La Libia è sempre più vicina.

▻http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/migranti-gli-occhi-della-libia-sui-radar-europei-nel-mediterraneo.
#Egypte #Tunisie #Libye #images_satellitaires

Migranti, affidarne i soccorsi alla Libia significa respingerli

Un verbale della riunione dell’ Organizzazione mondiale del mare del 30 ottobre scorso svela la contrarietà di creare un coordinamento libico dei salvataggi nel Mediterraneo. Ma giovedì scorso la nave della Ong spagnola Open Arms è stata affidata proprio alle motovedette di Tripoli come ha spiegato anche la Guardia Costiera italiana. Ora cominciano i respingimenti collettivi per conto terzi?

▻http://m.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/migranti-affidarne-i-soccorsi-in-mare-alla-libia-significa-respi

EU Trust Fund for Africa: five new programmes adopted for the Sahel and Lake Chad region

The European Commission has adopted five new programmes worth over €141 million under the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa.

Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development Neven Mimica said: "Our new EU programmes, worth €141 million, are particularly focusing on important opportunities for young people. They will furthermore support our #G5-Sahel partners to strengthen development and stability in border areas, as well as help us to save more lives and fight human traffickers, who take advantage of vulnerable people’s despair. We also continue our actions to support partner countries to better manage migration and to develop civil registries. Those needs do not decrease, and the resources from the EU Trust Fund are quickly depleting”

At the regional level, two programmes totalling €75 million will seek to shore up stability and youth participation in the G5 #Sahel countries (#Burkina_Faso, Chad, #Mali, Mauritania and #Niger). A new €70 million Emergency programme will increase people’s access to social services in border areas. The programme was designed under the Sahel Alliance and responds directly to the needs voiced by the G5 Sahel countries under the #Priority_Investment_Programme. Another €5 million will ensure the implementation of the second phase of “#The_Voices_of_young_people_in_the_Sahel” programme, which was launched in 2017 and contributes to integrating youth organisations into the processes of designing and implementing development and social policies.

A new €7.6 million programme in Niger will further boost migrant protection on migratory routes and support host communities. Also in Niger, the ongoing AJUSEN budget support programme in the justice, security and border management sectors will receive an additional €10 million to continue this work.

In Senegal, a €9 million initiative will help tackle criminal networks that are linked to irregular migration, migrant smuggling and human trafficking, and enhance regional cooperation in this area.

In #Côte_d'Ivoire, a new programme worth €30 million will support the country’s ongoing efforts to create a coherent and robust civil registry system that will help improve the management of public policies, enable people to exercise their fundamental rights and improve their access to public services, including the facilitation of voluntary return and the sustainable reintegration of migrants.

Last but not least, the #Technical_Cooperation_Facility covering all Trust Fund regions and the Research and Evidence Facility covering the Sahel and Lake Chad and the North of Africa regions have been reinforced with an additional amount of €12 million. In line with the evidence-based approach under the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa to ensure strategic and efficient interventions, this additional funding will facilitate more studies and research, as well as technical support when necessary.

The five programmes adopted today bring the total number of programmes adopted since December 2015 for the Sahel and Lake Chad region to 91, with a total value of €1.7 billion.

Background

The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa was established in 2015 to address the root causes of instability, irregular migration and forced displacement. Resources currently allocated to this Trust Fund are €4.1 billion from EU institutions, European Member States and other donors.

Today’s assistance adds to the 165 programmes already approved across the three regions (North of Africa, Sahel and Lake Chad region and Horn of Africa), worth a total of €3,157 million. These funds were divided up as follows: Sahel/Lake Chad €1,549 million (86 programmes); Horn of Africa €1,141.3 million (58 programmes); North of Africa €467.1 million (17 programmes). This amount includes 4 cross-region programmes (€145.1 million).

▻http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-6447_en.htm?locale=EN
#Tchad #Mauritanie #jeunesse #Sénégal #réintégration #retours_volontaires #retour_volontaire

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225