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The Push and Pull Factors of Asylum-Related Migration: A Literature Review
The UN Migration Agency (IOM)’s Data Analysis Centre and Maastricht University (Maastricht Graduate School of Governance/UNU-MERIT) recently released a literature review on the Push and Pull Factors of Asylum-Related Migration. The report was commissioned by the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) as part of their multi-annual research programme.
Based on a detailed analysis of about 150 pieces of selected academic and non-academic literature, the report provides a comprehensive review of the literature examining factors that influence migration trends, the decisions of migrants to leave their countries of origin, and to claim asylum in the European Union (EU), within a traditional “push/pull framework”. This framework views human mobility as the result of specific factors that either attract an individual to migration (pull factors) or that repel the individual from continued stay in his/her place of usual residence (push factors).
An online database containing more than 300 resources – including empirical and theoretical studies, as well as reports – was produced as part of the review and can be downloaded here.
▻http://gmdac.iom.int/push-and-pull-factors-asylum-related-migration-literature-review
#push-factors #pull-factors #facteurs_pull #facteurs_push
cc @stesummi
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#Déchets - Les carnets du paysage
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Paysage - Versailles - Marseille
▻http://www.ecole-paysage.fr/site/carnets_du_paysage/n-29-Dechets.htmOn estime la masse totale de débris tournant autour de notre planète à la suite de l’exploration humaine de l’espace à 5 800 tonnes. Sur Terre, l’activité humaine générerait 10 milliards de kilos de déchets par jour, et environ 13,8 tonnes par an et par habitant en France, déchets ménagers et industriels confondus.
Face à un tel phénomène, nous sommes aujourd’hui dans un rapport de fascination et de répulsion. Le sujet nous confronte à des questions éthiques et esthétiques, et aussi à celle des ressources que représentent ces masses de déchets. Elles ont modelé les territoires, en creux et en reliefs. Comment traiter ces matériaux ? Comment accueillir ce que nous avons rejeté et en tirer le meilleur parti ?
Nous ne parviendrons jamais à l’objectif « zéro déchet ». C’est là une part constitutive de nos sociétés ; en ce sens, elle est probablement irréductible et il faut apprendre à l’accepter comme une composante de nous-mêmes, qu’elle nous plaise ou non. Mais nous devrons nous montrer inventifs pour vivre correctement en préservant l’avenir et la vie, d’un bout à l’autre de la planète.
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A Self-Interested Approach to Migration Crises. Push Factors, Pull Factors, and Investing In Refugees
Nations frequently help migrants fleeing crisis. They help out of generosity—generosity that quickly wears thin. What would they do if they acted instead from stark self-interest? Consider András Gróf, a refugee who arrived illegally in Austria after crossing the Hungarian border with a smuggler and then running through a swampy field under cover of darkness. He came without his family, without a college degree, without assets beyond 20 dollars. Back home, he had watched soldiers arrive, first to rape his mother, later to conscript young men like him. So András fled for the same reason that so many others leave the Middle East and Africa; whether or not there was an imminent threat to his life, the future in his country looked hellish.
▻https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/central-europe/2015-09-27/self-interested-approach-migration-crises
#push-pull_factors #facteurs_push #facteurs_pull #migrations #attraction #répulsion #réfugiés #asile
