#spratleys

Bienvenue en #Géozarbie

#Enclaves, territoires prêtés, zones disputées, #micro-États, île fantasmée... il existe dans le monde quantité de petits bouts de terre aux frontières ou statuts bizarres ! Mêlant anecdotes loufoques et grands moments de l’Histoire, Bienvenue en Géozarbie nous fait découvrir 10 lieux où l’ubuesque se dispute à l’absurde !

▻https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/RC-022365/bienvenue-en-geozarbie

#géographie #géographie_politique #frontières #absurdité #série #arte #vidéo #ressources_pédagogiques #Absurdistan

–—

Le Mont blanc n’est pas en France

https://ref.lamartinieregroupe.com/media/9782757895757/grande/150936_couverture_Hres_0.jpg

Saviez-vous que l’île de la Conférence est administrée à égalité de temps par deux pays, la France et l’Espagne ? Que la principauté d’Arbézie, à cheval sur la frontière franco-suisse, est… un hôtel-restaurant ? Ou que la France possède des territoires à Jérusalem ?
Ce sont ces bizarreries géographiques que nous raconte #Olivier_Marchon dans ce livre étonnant qui rassemble des dizaines d’histoires de ce type, des plus tragiques au plus loufoques : de petits morceaux de terre, enclavés, disputés, au statut à part, parfois étrange, qui chacun à leur manière racontent la grande histoire…

►https://www.editionspoints.com/ouvrage/le-mont-blanc-n-est-pas-en-france-olivier-marchon/9782757895757
#livre

ping @reka

Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative : Who’s Claiming What ?

▻https://amti.csis.org/maps

Voici un site qui va énormément plaire en particulier à @simplicissimus

https://dl.dropbox.com/s/3p0bbc549idlbtc/Capture%20d%E2%80%99%C3%A9cran%202019-02-15%20%C3%A0%2009.22.14.png?dl=0 https://dl.dropbox.com/s/7yi3w55sbavjepy/Capture%20d%E2%80%99%C3%A9cran%202019-02-15%20%C3%A0%2009.22.38.png?dl=0

AMTI’s interactive maps strive to provide the most complete, accurate, and up-to-date source of geospatial information on maritime Asia. Click a map below to explore information on Asia’s maritime claims, disputed reefs and islets, and more.
South China Sea Features

#mer_de_chine_méridionale #frontières #différends_frontaliers #chine #vietnam #spratleys #conflits_frontaliers #mer #partage_de_la_mer

Photos Show Confrontation Between USS Decatur and a Chinese Navy Warship in South China Sea – gCaptain
▻https://gcaptain.com/photos-show-confrontation-between-uss-decatur-and-chinese-navy-warship-in-

https://3kbo302xo3lg2i1rj8450xje-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/USS-Decatur-incident-768x456.jpg

gCaptain has just obtained photos showing a confrontation involving the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Decatur and a Chinese Navy warship in the disputed South China Sea over the weekend. 

The U.S. Navy confirmed the incident on Tuesday, accusing China’s navy of conducting an “unsafe and unprofessional maneuver” that nearly led to a collision as the U.S. destroyer was underway “in the vicinity” of Gaven Reef in the #Spratly Islands on Sunday, September 30.

According to a Navy spokesman, during the incident, the Chinese warship “approached within 45 yards of Decatur’s bow, after which Decatur maneuvered to prevent a collision.”

As was reported over the weekend, the USS Decatur on Sunday conducted the U.S. Navy’s latest #freedom_of_navigation operation in the South China Sea, coming within 12 nautical miles of the Gaven and Johnson Reefs claimed by China.

China issued a statement Tuesday accusing the U.S. of violating its “indisputable sovereignty” over the #South_China_Sea islands. “We strongly urge the U.S. side to immediately correct its mistake and stop such provocative actions to avoid undermining China-U.S. relations and regional peace and stability,” a Foreign Ministry spokeswoman said Tuesday in a statement.

#Spratleys #mer_de_Chine_Méridionale

Bataille navale à distance en mer de Chine - Libération
▻http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2018/05/25/bataille-navale-a-distance-en-mer-de-chine_1653861

Mais cette fois, Washington a décidé de réagir par une mesure symbolique, en annonçant ce mercredi l’exclusion de la Chine du Rim of the Pacific (#RIMPAC), les plus importantes manœuvres maritimes mondiales, qui doivent avoir lieu à partir de la fin du mois de juin dans le Pacifique. « La poursuite par la Chine de la militarisation de possessions disputées dans la mer de Chine méridionale ne fait qu’attiser les tensions et déstabiliser la région », a déclaré le porte-parole du Pentagone, ajoutant que ce comportement n’était « pas compatible avec les principes et les objectifs de l’exercice RIMPAC ». Le timing de cette exclusion, annoncée le jour même de la visite du ministre des Affaires étrangères chinois à Washington tombe comme un camouflet pour Pékin.

#mer_de_Chine_méridionale #Spratleys
#manœuvres_navales

China Sends Military Plane to Third #South_China_Sea Airstrip - Bloomberg
▻https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-10/china-deploys-military-plane-to-third-south-china-sea-airstrip

https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iBZRfPA96qEQ/v1/800x-1.jpg

China has landed a military plane on the last of its three airstrips in the disputed South China Sea, a Washington-based research institution said, amid renewed complaints about the country expanding its military presence in the busy shipping lane.

The Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative said satellite images from April 28 showed the first confirmed deployment of a military aircraft — a Shaanxi Y-8 transport plane — on #Subi_Reef. The structure hosts one of three runways China has built as part of a massive dredging and reclamation operation in the Spratlys chain since 2013, and was the last of three where military aircraft had been observed.

“This should be particularly concerning to the Philippines,” AMTI, a unit of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said on its website. About 100 Philippine civilians and a small military garrison are stationed on the Thitu islet, about 12 nautical miles away from Subi.

The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it wasn’t aware of situation described by AMTI. “China’s peaceful construction activities on the #Spratly_Islands, including the deployment of necessary homeland defense facilities, is necessary to protect sovereignty and national security,” the ministry said in an emailed response to questions. “It is an absolute right a sovereign country enjoys and it doesn’t target any country.”

#Spratleys #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale

China installs cruise missiles on South China Sea outposts: CNBC | Reuters
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-missiles/china-installs-cruise-missiles-on-south-china-sea-outposts-cnbc-report-idUS

https://s3.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20180503&t=2&i=1258002327&w=1200&r=LYNXMPEE420EL#.jpg

China has installed anti-ship cruise missiles and surface-to-air missile systems on three of its outposts in the South China Sea, U.S. news network CNBC reported on Wednesday, citing sources with direct knowledge of U.S. intelligence reports.

The installations, if confirmed, would mark the first Chinese missile deployments in the Spratly Islands, where several Asian countries including Vietnam and Taiwan have rival claims.

China has made no mention of any missile deployments but says its military facilities in the #Spratlys are purely defensive, and that it can do what it likes on its own territory.
[…]
CNBC quoted unnamed sources as saying that according to U.S. intelligence assessments, the missiles were moved to Fiery Cross Reef, Subi Reef and Mischief Reef within the past 30 days.

#mer_de_Chine_méridionale
#Spratleys

Exclusive: U.S. Warship Sails Near Disputed South China Sea Island, Officials Say - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/03/23/world/asia/23reuters-usa-china-southchinasea.html

https://news.usni.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/180314-N-ZL062-0055.jpg

A U.S. Navy destroyer carried out a “#freedom_of_navigation ” operation on Friday, coming within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built by China in the South China Sea, U.S. officials told Reuters.

The operation, which infuriated Beijing, was the latest attempt to counter what Washington sees as China’s efforts to limit freedom of navigation in the strategic waters.

The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the destroyer _Mustin traveled close to #Mischief_Reef in the #Spratly Islands and carried out maneuvering operations. China has territorial disputes with its neighbors over the area.

#Mer_de_Chine_Méridionale
#Spratleys
#FoN

U.S. destroyer challenges China’s claims in South China Sea
▻http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-southchinasea-exclusive-idUSKBN1AQ0YK

A U.S. Navy destroyer carried out a “freedom of navigation operation” on Thursday, coming within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built up by China in the #South_China_Sea, U.S. officials told Reuters.

The operation came as President Donald Trump’s administration seeks Chinese cooperation in dealing with North Korea’s missile and nuclear programs and could complicate efforts to secure a common stance.

The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the USS John S. McCain traveled close to #Mischief_Reef in the #Spratly_Islands, among a string of islets, reefs and shoals. China has territorial disputes with its neighbors over the area.

It was the third “#freedom_of_navigation operation” during Trump’s presidency.

#FON #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale #Spratleys

Histoire d’obtenir la coopération de la Chine contre la Corée du Nord, j’imagine…

#Vietnam dredging at disputed Spratly reef in #South_China_Sea: Reuters | The Japan Times
▻http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/12/09/asia-pacific/vietnam-dredging-disputed-spratly-reef-south-china-sea-reuters

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/f-vietnam-a-20161210-870x489.jpg

Vietnam has begun dredging work on a disputed reef in the South China Sea, Reuters news service reported Thursday, a move that will likely anger China, which claims virtually the entire sea.

A commercial satellite image taken on Nov. 30 shows activity on Vietnam-controlled Ladd Reef on the southwestern fringe of the Spratly group of islands, according to the report.

Several vessels can be seen in a newly dug channel between the lagoon and open sea, it said, quoting analysts as saying that similar dredging work has been the precursor to more extensive construction on other reefs.

Vietnam has already constructed a lighthouse on the reef as well as a facility that houses a small contingent of soldiers. Besides China, Taiwan also claims the reef.

#Spratleys #Spratly #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale
mais ce coup-ci, c’est #Ladd_Reef, voisine immédiate (15-20 km à l’ouest) de l’île de Spratley, elle aussi occupée par une base vietnamienne.

Vietnam Responds with Spratly Air Upgrades | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
▻https://amti.csis.org/vietnam-responds

https://i1.wp.com/amti.csis.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Spratly-Old-F-1.11.14.jpg https://i0.wp.com/amti.csis.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Spratly-Jan-F-1.3.16.jpg

Vietnam is responding to China’s construction of military facilities in the Spratly Islands by modestly expanding its own capabilities in the disputed chain. New imagery shows that Hanoi is significantly upgrading its sole runway in the South China Sea—at Spratly Island—and constructing new hangars at that feature. This is a familiar pattern for Hanoi. Even amid reduced diplomatic tensions, Vietnam continues to modernize its military and seek closer security ties with Japan, the United States, and India in preparation for future Chinese assertiveness in disputed waters. Reuters recently reported that Vietnam had deployed surface to air missile platforms to the Spratlys. Hanoi has not confirmed those reports, but such countermeasures should not be surprising in light of the significant air power that China will soon project over the Spratlys.

#Spratleys #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale

U.S. destroyers sail close to Chinese-held features in South China Sea as court case looms | Reuters
▻http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-ruling-usa-idUSKCN0ZN0JK

U.S. destroyers have sailed close to Chinese-held reefs and islands in the disputed South China Sea in recent weeks, U.S. naval officials said on Thursday, patrols likely to fuel tension ahead of landmark ruling over Beijing’s maritime claims.

The destroyers Stethem, Spruance and Momsen have been patrolling near Chinese-held features in the #Spratlys archipelago and the #Scarborough_Shoal, which is near the Philippines, the officials said. The patrols were first reported by the Washington-based Navy Times newspaper.

Pressure has been rising in the region ahead of a July 12 ruling by an arbitration court hearing the dispute between China and the Philippines over the #South_China_Sea in the Dutch city of The Hague.

China has refused to participate in the case and vowed to ignore the rulings which the United States insists are binding and an important test of Beijing’s willingness to adhere to international law.

#Mer_de_Chine_méridionale
#Spratleys

La Chine inaugure de nouvelles installations dans l’archipel des #Spratleys
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2016/04/06/la-chine-inaugure-de-nouvelles-installations-dans-l-archipel-des-spratleys_4

http://s2.lemde.fr/image/2016/04/06/534x0/4896931_6_f648_le-recif-de-fiery-cross-dans-les-spratleys_9daa29b4636595e954ca36bb461b272c.jpg

Pékin a terminé la construction d’un phare sur le récif de #Subi, une île artificielle dans l’archipel des Spratleys, en mer de Chine méridionale, a annoncé l’agence de presse Chine nouvelle.

Le phare, haut de 55 mètres, est équipé de technologies permettant de surveiller le passage des navires, a précisé Chine nouvelle.

China’s Island Radar Bigger Threat Than Missiles, CSIS Says - gCaptain
▻https://gcaptain.com/chinas-island-radar-bigger-threat-than-missiles-csis-says

China may be building a high-frequency radar installation in the disputed South China Sea, posing a bigger threat to the balance of power in one of the world’s busiest waterways than previously detected surface-to-air missiles, according to a report by the Center for Strategic & International Studies.

Construction of radar facilities at Cuarteron Reef, the southern-most of the features China claims in the Spratly Islands, appears to be nearly complete, Gregory Poling of CSIS’s Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative wrote. China sparked new questions about its intentions in the South China Sea after surface-to-air missiles were detected earlier this month on Woody Island, part of the #Paracel Islands northwest of the #Spratlys.

“This month’s deployment of HQ-9 surface-to-air missiles on Woody Island in the Paracels, while notable, does not alter the military balance in the South China Sea,” said Poling. “New radar facilities being developed in the Spratlys, on the other hand, could significantly change the operational landscape.”
[…]
#Shooting_Drones
Admiral Scott Swift, Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, said last week the latest deployment of HQ-9 missiles was the third time that China had put them on the island, according to a report on U.S. Internet site Military.com. The missiles also have been used in exercises, notably to shoot down a drone, he said.

“There is no difference between China’s deployment of necessary national defense facilities on its own territory and the defense installation by the U.S. in Hawaii,” Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said Monday. China contends that the islands it occupies “have been part of China since ancient times.”

#Spratleys

China’s Missile Move Sparks Questions on South China Sea Plans - gCaptain
▻https://gcaptain.com/chinas-missile-move-sparks-questions-on-south-china-sea-plans

https://i0.wp.com/gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016-02-10T052905Z_685433720_GF10000302882_RTRMADP_3_SOUTHCHINASEA-INDIA-USA.jpg

China sparked new questions about its intentions in the South China Sea after it deployed surface-to- air missiles to a contested island, a move that came just months after President Xi Jinping promised not to militarize the disputed atolls.

Satellite images showed two batteries of eight HQ-9 surface-to-air missile launchers and a radar system were deployed on Woody Islandsometime after Feb. 3, Fox News reported. That’s just days after the U.S. rebuffed China’s efforts to control one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes by sending a warship into the area.

The positioning of the missiles casts further doubt on Xi’s pledge at a summit with U.S. President Barack Obama in Washington in late September not to militarize the islands and suggests China is prepared to escalate tensions in order defend its claims, particularly with a ruling expected this year on an arbitration case brought by the Philippines to an international tribunal.

#Spratleys récif de #Subi

Angry China says shadowed U.S. warship near man-made islands in disputed sea - Yahoo News
▻http://news.yahoo.com/u-navy-destroyer-patrols-near-islands-built-china-012942916.html

http://l3.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/zq3NBEhfGrqPNCrWTgoCbg--/YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3NfbGVnbztpbD1wbGFuZTtxPTc1O3c9NjAw/http://media.zenfs.com/en_us/News/Reuters/2015-10-27T064533Z_1_LYNXNPEB9Q09T_RTROPTP_2_SOUTHCHINASEA-USA.JPG

A U.S. Navy guided-missile destroyer sailed close to China’s man-made islands in the disputed South China Sea on Tuesday, drawing an angry rebuke from Beijing, which said it warned and followed the American vessel.

The patrol by the #USS_Lassen was the most significant U.S. challenge yet to the 12-nautical-mile territorial limits China asserts around the islands in the Spratly archipelago and could ratchet up tension in one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes.

One U.S. defense official said the USS Lassen sailed within 12 nautical miles of Subi Reef. A second defense official said the mission, which lasted a few hours, included Mischief Reef and would be the first in a series of freedom-of-navigation exercises aimed at testing China’s territorial claims.

China’s Foreign Ministry said the “relevant authorities” monitored, followed and warned the USS Lassen as it “illegally” entered waters near islands and reefs in the Spratlys without the Chinese government’s permission.

“China will resolutely respond to any country’s deliberate provocations,” the ministry said in a statement that gave no details on precisely where the U.S. ship sailed.

Nouvelles tensions en perspective autour de l’archipel des #Spratleys
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2015/05/13/nouvelles-tensions-en-perspective-autour-de-l-archipel-des-spratleys_4632888

http://s2.lemde.fr/image/2015/05/13/534x0/4632887_6_bfc5_la-chine-a-effectue-des-travaux-de_76c2791622088f707da6d58818a5871b.jpg

Le Pentagone envisage l’envoi de navires et d’avions pour « assurer la liberté de navigation » autour d’îlots actuellement construits par la Chine dans l’archipel des Spratleys, en mer de Chine du Sud, a déclaré mardi un responsable américain. L’archipel de mer de Chine méridionale est revendiqué par six pays : le sultanat de Brunei, la Chine, la Malaisie, les Philippines, Taïwan et le Vietnam. Pékin fonde sa revendication sur des cartes remontant aux années 1940.

Le secrétaire à la défense américain, Ashton Carter, a demandé à son ministère de travailler sur plusieurs options, dont celle d’envoyer des navires et des chasseurs à moins de 12 milles nautiques (22 km), la limite des eaux territoriales, définie par les Nations unies, de ces récifs artificiels, a-t-il dit. Une telle initiative viendrait directement défier Pékin dans sa volonté d’étendre son influence dans cette région disputée.

#Mer_de_Chine_du_Sud. Les #Philippines bien décidées à contrer Pékin

En conflit territorial de longue date avec la Chine à propos des îles #Spratleys, où Pékin s’est lancé dans des constructions d’envergure, les Philippines expriment leur détermination à lui faire barrage.

▻http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/mer-de-chine-du-sud-les-philippines-bien-decidees-contrer-pek
#Chine

Des îlots artificiels pour conquérir la mer de Chine - LeTemps.ch

▻http://www.letemps.ch/Page/Uuid/2aa4406c-dfb9-11e4-aa18-ff4de01147fa/Des_%C3%AElots_artificiels_pour_conqu%C3%A9rir_la_mer_de_Chine

http://www.letemps.ch/rw/Le_Temps/Quotidien/2015/04/11/International/ImagesWeb/china%20%20islands--672x359.jpg

Une série de photos satellites a suscité en cette fin de semaine une polémique entre les deux principales puissances de la planète. Publiée mercredi par une émanation du Centre d’études stratégiques internationales, une institution proche des autorités américaines, elle montre des bateaux chinois déverser des cargaisons de sable sur un récif pour le transformer en îlot et des engins de chantier aménager d’autres îlots pour les équiper de pistes et de ports. Des travaux qui ont pour théâtre l’une des régions les plus stratégiques et les plus disputées de la planète : l’archipel des Spratleys, en mer de Chine méridionale.

Les Etats-Unis ont dénoncé dès le lendemain des « activités déstabilisatrices », susceptibles d’alimenter « une plus grande inquiétude dans la région sur les intentions de la Chine ». De passage en Jamaïque, le président Barack Obama a dit craindre que Pékin n’utilise « sa taille et ses muscles » pour étendre son emprise sur des eaux convoitées par d’autres pays de la région, comme Taïwan, les Philippines, le Brunei, la Malaisie et le Vietnam. « Nous pensons, a-t-il expliqué, que le problème peut être résolu par la diplomatie. »

#chine #mer_de_chine_méridionale #frontières #différend_frontalier

Pékin étend son emprise en mer de Chine méridionale
▻http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2015/02/21/01003-20150221ARTFIG00048-pekin-etend-son-emprise-en-mer-de-chine-meridiona

http://militaryblog.free.fr/public/images/spratley.png http://i.f1g.fr/media/ext/805x/www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2015/02/21/PHO6e1693de-b905-11e4-9ed5-4d3b5050e762-805x453.jpg

Les images apportent pour la première fois la preuve que la Chine a érigé un polder comprenant deux quais, une usine de ciment et une plateforme d’hélicoptère sur un rocher du Hughes Reef. Le récif, qui auparavant n’émergeait des flots qu’à marée basse, se situe à quelque 200 milles nautiques des côtes philippines et à 800 milles des côtes chinoises. Selon les images analysées par IHS Janes, la Chine aurait au total entrepris des travaux semblables sur six îlots des Spratleys -Hughes Reef, Fiery Cross Reef, Gaven, Cuarteron Reef, Eldad Reef et Mischief Reef- renforçant l’inquiétude de ses voisins dans la région.

A Game of Shark and Minnow - Who Will Win Control of the South China Sea? - NYTimes.com
▻http://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2013/10/27/south-china-sea

A Game cof Shark and MinnowIn a remote corner of the South China Sea, 105 nautical miles from the Philippines, lies a submerged reef the Filipinos call Ayungin.

#art_directed_article

La Chine envoie 30 chalutiers dans les eaux disputées des îles Spratleys
▻http://sco.lt/7Dm7Wr

La Chine a envoyé sa plus importante flottille de pêche de l’année dans les eaux disputées de la mer de Chine du Sud, où les tensions sur les frontières maritimes sont fortes avec ses voisins, a annoncé mardi 7 mai la presse officielle.
La flottille d’une trentaine de chalutiers de plus de 100 tonnes a quitté lundi le port de Danzhou, sur l’île méridionale de Hainan, pour aller jeter ses filets dans les eaux des îles Spratleys – les Nansha en chinois –, un archipel d’une centaine de petites îles revendiqué pour tout ou partie par le Vietnam et les Philippines principalement.

Pékin « fera tous les efforts nécessaires pour garantir la sécurité de la flottille », a souligné le directeur du département des océans et des pêcheries de Hainan, cité par le China Daily, Huang Wenhui, laissant ainsi entendre que les chalutiers seraient accompagnés d’escorteurs militaires.
Les eaux autour des Spratleys sont riches en ressources halieutiques et pourraient abriter d’importantes réserves de gaz et de pétrole. Selon le China Daily, les experts chinois estiment à 3,5 millions de tonnes ses réserves en poisson, dont moins de 3 % seulement seraient exploitées.

#frontières #surpêche