• Estate bollente. Il #cambiamento_climatico presenta il conto
    https://radioblackout.org/2025/07/estate-bollente-il-cambiamento-climatico-presenta-il-conto

    Lo zero climatico sopra i cinque mila significa che fa caldo persino in cima al Monte Bianco. Il cambiamento climatico è una realtà sempre più drammatica anche nel nostro paese. Le #temperature_estreme causano sempre maggiori disagi alle persone più fragili e a chi lavora in edilizia e in agricoltura. In alcune Regioni sono state […]

    #L'informazione_di_Blackout #copernicus
    https://cdn.radioblackout.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-01-merlone-clima.mp3

  • Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study

    Globally, 5 083 173 deaths (95% empirical CI [eCI] 4 087 967–5 965 520) were associated with non-optimal temperatures per year, accounting for 9·43% (95% eCI 7·58–11·07) of all deaths (8·52% [6·19–10·47] were cold-related and 0·91% [0·56–1·36] were heat-related). There were 74 temperature-related excess deaths per 100 000 residents (95% eCI 60–87). The mortality burden varied geographically. Of all excess deaths, 2 617 322 (51·49%) occurred in Asia. Eastern Europe had the highest heat-related excess death rate and Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest cold-related excess death rate. From 2000–03 to 2016–19, the global cold-related excess death ratio changed by −0·51 percentage points (95% eCI −0·61 to −0·42) and the global heat-related excess death ratio increased by 0·21 percentage points (0·13–0·31), leading to a net reduction in the overall ratio. The largest decline in overall excess death ratio occurred in South-eastern Asia, whereas excess death ratio fluctuated in Southern Asia and Europe.

    https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(21)00081-4/fulltext

    #température #chaleur #mobilité #canicule #santé #décès #morts #statistiques #chiffres #estimation #cartographie #monde #visualisation

    via @freakonometrics

  • Un effondrement de la circulation océanique atlantique pourrait entraîner des températures polaires en Europe
    https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2025/06/11/un-effondrement-de-la-circulation-oceanique-atlantique-pourrait-entrainer-de


    Le fjord de Skjoldungen, sur la côte sud-est du Groenland, le 2 janvier 2025. SERGI REBOREDO / VWPICS/SIPA
    Que se passerait-il si la principale circulation océanique de l’Atlantique, qui régule le climat mondial et européen, venait à s’effondrer ? Le Vieux Continent s’en verrait chamboulé : le nord-ouest du territoire plongerait dans un froid mordant, avec des températures hivernales chutant par endroits de 15 °C, tandis que la banquise arctique viendrait lécher les côtes écossaises. Une Europe refroidie dans un monde réchauffé, comme le montre une nouvelle étude théorique et à très long terme, publiée mercredi 11 juin dans Geophysical Research Letters, et accompagnée d’une carte interactive.

    Les deux auteurs néerlandais décortiquent pour la première fois les conséquences de la conjonction de deux maux aux forces opposées : d’une part, le réchauffement climatique, lié aux émissions humaines de gaz à effet de serre ; d’autre part, une très forte réduction de la circulation méridienne de retournement de l’Atlantique (ou AMOC, son acronyme anglais), entraînant un refroidissement régional. Cet ensemble de courants dont fait partie le Gulf Stream, qui transportent de l’eau chaude salée du pôle Sud au pôle Nord, devrait ralentir, voire pourrait s’arrêter, en raison du dérèglement climatique.
    A quelle échéance et à quelle vitesse ? Les scientifiques ne sont pas d’accord sur ce point, ni sur le fait que l’AMOC aurait déjà ralenti ces dernières décennies. Selon le dernier rapport du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat, un effondrement brutal n’aura pas lieu avant 2100. D’autres travaux montrent que la circulation se dirigerait vers un point de bascule. « Etant donné ce potentiel, il fallait étudier les impacts climatiques liés à une AMOC substantiellement plus faible », indique René van Westen, premier auteur de l’étude et chercheur à l’Institut royal météorologique des Pays-Bas.

    https://archive.ph/Ou0pv

    #AMOC #Europe #océan #climat #Gulf_stream

    • European Temperature Extremes Under Different #AMOC Scenarios in the Community Earth System Model

      Recent simulations using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) indicate that a tipping event of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would cause Europe to cool by several degrees. This AMOC tipping event was found under constant pre-industrial greenhouse gas forcing, while global warming likely limits this AMOC-induced cooling response. Here, we quantify the European temperature responses under different AMOC regimes and climate change scenarios. A strongly reduced AMOC state and intermediate global warming (C, Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5) has a profound cooling effect on Northwestern Europe with more intense cold extremes. The largest temperature responses are found during the winter months and these responses are strongly influenced by the North Atlantic sea-ice extent. Enhanced North Atlantic storm track activity under an AMOC collapse results in substantially larger day-to-day temperature fluctuations. We conclude that the (far) future European temperatures are dependent on both the AMOC strength and the emission scenario.

      https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025GL114611
      #modèle #prévisions #scénario #froid #chaud #monde #cartographie #visualisation #Circulation_thermohaline #circulation_océanique_profonde #effondrement #températures #Gulf_Stream

    • Je retrouve ce seen de @kassem avec cette série de six articles désormais « libérés » ...
      https://seenthis.net/messages/1019811

      Les nouveaux liens :

      https://archive.ph/VJgKj

      Histoire du Gulf Stream, courant marin fameux et symbole ambigu de la fragilité des pulsations terrestres
      Enquête|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (1/6). Né dans le golfe du Mexique, le courant marin est censé jouer le rôle de trait d’union entre les continents américain et européen. En réalité, c’est un autre système de courants, menacé, qui réchauffe l’Atlantique nord.

      https://archive.ph/DG4fy

      La folle richesse du courant marin de Humboldt, à l’origine d’une pêche miraculeuse
      Enquête|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (2/6). La bande d’eau froide de 50 à 200 km de largeur qui borde la côte occidentale de l’Amérique du Sud regorge de poissons. Une ressource qui pourrait être fragilisée par le réchauffement climatique.

      https://archive.ph/VAPKl

      El Niño et La Niña, les « enfants terribles » du climat
      Enquête|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (3/6). En se combinant au réchauffement de la planète, les deux phénomènes climatiques pourraient avoir des conséquences encore plus imprévisibles et dévastatrices pour de nombreuses populations.

      https://archive.ph/PLd5m

      La mousson, un phénomène climatique en plein dérèglement
      Enquête|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (4/6). L’agriculture de l’Asie du Sud, et particulièrement de l’Inde, dépend de la manne pluviométrique apportée par la mousson. Une saison des pluies en plein dérèglement.

      https://archive.ph/qlR3G

      Canicule : les jet-streams, ces forts vents d’altitude qui pourraient favoriser les épisodes de chaleur
      Enquête|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (5/6). Les forts vents d’altitude, les courants-jets, inquiètent les spécialistes, qui s’interrogent sur l’effet de leur conjugaison avec le réchauffement climatique.

      https://archive.ph/CdhG1

      La marée, ce cycle immuable et vital qui intrigue les savants depuis l’Antiquité
      Série|« Les pulsations de la Terre » (6/6). Dès Pythéas le Massaliote en 300 avant J.-C., les scientifiques essaient d’expliquer ce phénomène de flux et de reflux de la mer. Il faudra attendre Isaac Newton, au XVIIᵉ siècle, et surtout Pierre Simon de Laplace, un siècle plus tard, pour appréhender ce jeu de relations entre la Terre, le Soleil et la Lune.

    • En revanche, dans un scénario où les émissions de gaz à effet de serre augmenteraient de manière ininterrompue, l’impact du réchauffement climatique l’emporterait sur celui de l’AMOC : l’ensemble de l’Europe se réchaufferait et les extrêmes froids s’avéreraient très rares, même en cas d’arrêt de la circulation atlantique.

      Eh bien parfait, on a déjà trouvé la solution pour contrecarrer la disparition éventuelle de l’AMOC : émettre toujours plus de GES. Pour l’instant on est sur la bonne voie étant donné la tournure des choses dans la plupart des pays.

  • 2-8℃ Vaccine Bluetooth Temperature Sensor

    The optimal storage environment temperature for most vaccines is 2-8℃. It is necessary not only to control the temperature stability but also to monitor the temperature. The 2-8℃ Vaccine Bluetooth Temperature Sensor can help managers view the storage environment temperature data directly on the APP without opening the incubator, thereby improving the efficiency of cold chain temperature management.

    During the cold chain transportation of vaccines, serums, and biological products, 2-8℃ is a very suitable temperature. The vaccine Bluetooth temperature sensor provided by Freshliance has high accuracy. It can be connected to the APP through Bluetooth and the parameters can be set reasonably. The safe temperature range can be set to 2-8℃. If the ambient temperature exceeds the safe range during transportation, the device will have an red LED light reminder, and the APP will also remind you. This Bluetooth temperature recorder is more intelligent and automated. When the transporter views the data through the APP, the viewed data will be automatically synchronized to other users, and the location information can be synchronized to ensure the safety of the vaccine.

    Freshliance’s independently developed 2-8℃ vaccine Bluetooth temperature sensor takes up little space and has a long working time. It is suitable for use in medical refrigerators, incubators, medicine cabinets, cold storage bags and other environments. You only need to bring the mobile phone app close to configure parameters, view and export temperature data. There is no need to open the package, refrigerator, container, etc. It is suitable for the transportation and storage of vaccines, sera, biological products, and medicines.
    #bluetoothtemperaturesensor #vaccinetemperaturesensor #temperaturelogger #vaccinescoldchain

    https://www.wirelesstemplogger.com/bluetag-t10-haccp-bluetooth-temperature-data-logger

  • Vaccine real-time temperature data logger price

    Due to the special nature of vaccines’ high sensitivity to temperature, a stable environment is required for both transportation and storage. Vaccine real-time temperature data logger can help managers understand the real-time temperature and humidity data of the environment during its storage process, detect abnormalities in a timely manner, and ensure the effectiveness and safety of vaccines.

    Vaccine real-time temperature data loggers can ensure that vaccines are stored within the specified temperature range to avoid the impact of temperature fluctuations on vaccine efficacy. Especially in cold chain management, temperature data recorders play a vital role. Freshliance real-time temperature recorders can upload collected environmental data to the Freshliance cloud server using WIFI or 4G networks. Managers can remotely view, filter, and analyze real-time data, historical records, and temperature trend charts through APP or PC platforms, and can track, audit, and analyze vaccine storage environments.

    The COEUS-WIFI/4G wireless temperature recorder provided by Freshliance has the characteristics of small footprint, high accuracy, and high protection level. The free APP and PC platform provided can centrally manage multiple devices and optimize the cold chain management of sensitive items such as vaccines, food, medicines, and chemicals.
    #vaccinestorage #coldchain #realtimetemperature #temperaturedatalogger

    https://www.temperaturehumidityloggers.com/coeus-wifi-wireless-temperature-and-humidity-data-logger

  • Real-time temperature data logger for global transportation

    Global transportation journeys vary in length. In order to ensure that goods (such as pharmaceuticals, fresh food, chemicals, etc.) are transported within the appropriate temperature range, real-time temperature data loggers are used to monitor the temperature, humidity, light, vibration, location and other data of the transportation environment in real-time.

    Freshliance’s Fresh Tracker 10 real-time temperature data logger can use 5G/4G/2.4G SIM cards, which can continuously monitor, record, store, and transmit temperature data in real-time. Real-time data can be viewed remotely on the APP or network platform to ensure the security and compliance of the supply chain. The temperature tracker will not lose data during the transportation of items. If the ambient temperature, humidity and other data exceed the set safety range, not only will the device and app itself alarm, but also emails and information alarm reminders will be sent. The consignee, consignor, and transporter can all detect abnormalities in time and make reasonable adjustments to ensure the safety of the items.

    Real-time temperature monitoring of sensitive items in global transportation is an important task to ensure the safety of items. Freshliance Fresh Tracker 10 real-time temperature recorder is suitable for use in normal temperature, low temperature, ultra-low temperature, ultra-high temperature and other environments. Internal and external probes can be selected according to needs. Managers need to consider measurement range, data transmission method, battery life and compliance certification to ensure that goods are transported under optimal conditions.
    #globaltransportation #temperaturedatalogger #realtimetemperaturesmonitoring

    https://www.temperaturehumidityloggers.com/freshliance-fresh-tracker

  • Plan grand froid : l’incurie de l’État | Lutte Ouvrière
    https://lutte-ouvriere.org/r/181116

    Pendant quelques jours, des mesures d’urgence sont censées être prises pour protéger les personnes à la rue du froid intense prévu dans 34 départements. L’indigence de ces mesures est révoltante.

    L’État et les préfectures gèrent officiellement le problème du #logement_d’urgence en fonction de la #température extérieure ressentie, classée en trois couleurs. Si elle se situe entre -5 et -10 degrés, c’est la vigilance jaune ; entre -10 et -18 degrés, c’est la vigilance orange et en dessous de -18 degrés ressentis, c’est la vigilance rouge. Pour chacune, le ministère a défini des mots d’ordre. Pour le jaune : « être attentif », pour l’orange : « vigilance » ; et pour le rouge : « vigilance extrême » ! Ces termes aussi creux que ridicules annoncent eux-mêmes l’absence d’engagement de l’État à prendre des mesures réelles.

    Ces mesures sont en dessous de tout. Dans le Loiret, un des départements passant en vigilance jaune, la préfecture a annoncé 50 places d’hébergement d’urgence supplémentaires sur les 1 371 existantes. En Loire-Atlantique, où il y a 2 200 places, la préfecture ne prévoit d’en ouvrir que 65 de plus. À Paris, on a compté au mois de décembre 5 000 appels d’urgence au #115, le double du nombre d’appels passés l’an dernier à la même époque. Or, au bout du fil, de combien les effectifs ont-ils été renforcés ? Aucun chiffre n’a été rendu public.

  • Indoor wireless real-time temperature data logger

    Real-time temperature data logger is very suitable for indoor environmental temperature and humidity monitoring, such as laboratories, hospitals, refrigerators, warehouses, greenhouses, libraries, etc. Using 4G or WI-FI network, you can remotely use APP or PC platform to view data at any time to ensure that the environmental temperature and humidity meet the requirements.

    Laboratories, hospitals, warehouses, greenhouses, etc. have very strict requirements for greenhouses, and large changes will affect the quality of items or experimental results. Freshliance’s COEUS Series real-time temperature data logger can effectively and accurately collect environmental temperature and humidity, upload to the cloud server, and managers can filter and analyze data through APP or PC platform, and can remotely receive abnormal alarms through SMS, email and platform, and can make timely adjustments to ensure the quality and safety of items.

    Wireless temperature data logger can help managers understand real-time data, detect abnormalities in time, and make reasonable adjustments according to changes in environmental temperature. Freshliance real-time temperature data logger is widely used in laboratories, hospitals, warehouses, greenhouses, refrigerators, data centers, etc., and is reasonably laid out according to different space sizes, centralized management, and improves overall management efficiency.
    #temperaturedatalogger #temperaturemonitoring #realtime

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/coeus-wifi-real-time-mini-temperature-humidity-data-logger.html

  • En #montagne, la #biodiversité pourrait s’effondrer plus vite qu’ailleurs

    #Changement_climatique, pollutions chimiques, tourisme… En montagne, plus qu’ailleurs, plusieurs espèces s’approchent d’un #effondrement_global.

    On l’appelle « l’#énigme_de_Humboldt ». Du nom du célèbre savant allemand Alexander von Humboldt. Lorsqu’il explora les montagnes andines, au gré de sa longue expédition naturaliste à travers l’Amérique latine, de 1799 à 1804, il découvrit l’existence d’une faune et d’une flore d’une incroyable diversité. Un foisonnement surprenant, spécifique aux milieux montagneux, qui ne cessa par la suite d’interroger les scientifiques. On estime aujourd’hui que les montagnes, qui couvrent environ 25 % des surfaces terrestres, abritent 85 % des espèces d’amphibiens, d’oiseaux et de mammifères de la planète.

    Depuis quelques années, une nouvelle énigme descendue des montagnes s’est imbriquée à la première et taraude les chercheurs : ces écosystèmes si riches en biodiversité sont-ils sur le point de s’effondrer ? L’alerte s’est faite solennelle en 2022. Une équipe internationale d’une vingtaine de scientifiques publiait alors une étude intitulée « Scientists’ warning of threats to mountains » : l’alerte des scientifiques contre les menaces qui pèsent sur les montagnes.

    Les montagnes sont « hautement vulnérables » aux multiples facettes de la crise écologique provoquée par les activités humaines, écrivaient-ils. Les pressions qui s’exercent sur elles se renforcent mutuellement, entraînant des risques « d’#effets_en_cascade », plusieurs espèces « s’approchant d’un effondrement global ». En résulterait « un affaiblissement critique de la santé des écosystèmes [de montagne], avec de larges répercussions sur la santé des animaux et des humains ».

    Changement climatique, pollutions chimiques, espèces invasives ou pathogènes, pastoralisme, tourisme… Le constat dressé par les chercheurs est toujours le même trois ans plus tard. « Tous ces facteurs interagissent, c’est très complexe mais cela amène des changements très importants dans les montagnes. On alerte là-dessus depuis plus de dix ans, mais la prise de conscience commence à peine », regrette l’écologue Dirk Schmeller, directeur de recherche au CNRS et auteur principal de l’étude.

    Des #niches_écologiques menacées par le climat

    Ces deux énigmes — grande richesse et grande vulnérabilité de ces écosystèmes — ont une racine commune : la #topographie particulière des #milieux_montagnards. Ces terrains très accidentés, avec de fortes variations d’altitude et de climat, génèrent une multitude de conditions environnementales différentes, parfois sur des espaces très restreints. Autant de niches écologiques potentielles propices à l’épanouissement d’une grande variété d’espèces.

    Revers de la médaille : lorsque les conditions changent, ces milieux petits et fragmentés laissent peu de solutions de repli aux espèces qui en dépendent. « Elles n’ont pas la même capacité à réagir. Certains oiseaux ou insectes peuvent facilement voler jusqu’à un milieu plus accueillant alors que des plantes, ou même des amphibiens, ont plus de difficulté à migrer. Cela crée un éclatement des communautés, qui rend ceux qui restent d’autant plus fragiles », explique Dirk Schmeller.

    La source principale de perturbation de ces écosystèmes, celle qui inquiète le plus les chercheurs, c’est le #changement_climatique. Celui-ci est plus rapide en montagne qu’en plaine : déjà près de 2 °C de réchauffement sont mesurés dans les Alpes, contre 1,4 °C à l’échelle de la France.

    Les #températures plus chaudes, la baisse de l’#enneigement et la fonte des #glaciers rendent les conditions hostiles à certaines espèces, comme l’emblématique lagopède alpin : cet oiseau au plumage hivernal blanc, idéal pour se camoufler dans la neige, et qui a besoin du froid pour se reproduire, risque de perdre plus de 90 % de son habitat d’ici 2090, selon le Centre de recherches sur les écosystèmes d’altitude (CREA) du Mont-Blanc.

    Une partie des plantes va également souffrir de plus en plus du réchauffement du climat. En décembre dernier, le Laboratoire d’écologie alpine du CNRS, en partenariat avec l’Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), publiait un rapport sur le sujet, concluant : « Parmi les 2 105 espèces [végétales] étudiées, nous avons identifié 400 à 600 espèces à risque, en particulier celles vivant à l’étage subalpin, qui pourraient voir leur territoire se réduire significativement d’ici 2050 selon les prédictions de leur distribution future. »

    Accumulation de #polluants

    Si le changement climatique est si délétère en montagne, c’est qu’il provoque dans son sillage de nombreux effets secondaires, au-delà du seul climat. De récents travaux ont par exemple montré comment la fonte des glaces modifiait la chimie des lacs d’altitude. En apportant à ces lacs davantage de sédiments issus de l’#érosion des roches, les eaux de fonte en modifient l’#acidité, la conductivité électrique, la concentration en ions et en sulfate.

    Autre effet secondaire, encore plus indirect : les températures de plus en plus chaudes poussent les troupeaux à pâturer à plus haute altitude, pour trouver un peu de fraîcheur. Ces ovins ou bovins atteignent ainsi des lacs jusqu’alors épargnés, contaminant l’eau en matières organiques, nitrates et phosphores qui déséquilibrent le milieu. S’y ajoutent les produits vétérinaires, antiparasitaires et autres antifongiques administrés au bétail.

    Mais les animaux d’élevage ne sont pas les seuls à trouver refuge dans les lacs d’altitude. Le #tourisme gagne également de plus en plus ces plans d’#eau à la vue imprenable. « On voit de plus en plus de gens, parfois pas du tout acculturés à la montagne, venir se baigner, certains viennent même parfois avec des paddles sur les lacs de haute montagne, témoigne Florence Mazier, directrice adjointe du laboratoire Géographie de l’environnement (Géode). Ces baignades non réglementées amènent dans l’eau de la #crème_solaire, les produits antipuces ou contre les tiques des chiens, sans qu’on connaisse encore l’ampleur des conséquences de ces pratiques. »

    Ces #pollutions_chimiques ne sont hélas pas les seules que doivent affronter les espèces d’altitude. Car les montagnes ont une autre particularité : ces reliefs font office de barrière pour les #nuages. Les #pluies s’y accumulent et déversent quantités de micropolluants charriés depuis les plaines. Pesticides, métaux lourds, plastiques… Des #produits_toxiques issus d’activités industrielles lointaines se retrouvent dans les lacs et #tourbières d’altitude.

    « Il y a beaucoup de brouillard en montagne, qui fait remonter les polluants des vallées. Et lorsque des pluies d’altitude rencontrent les nuages accrochés aux cimes des montagnes, elles forment de plus grosses gouttelettes qu’en plaine, et celles-ci interceptent mieux les polluants », décrit Gaël Le Roux, directeur de recherche au CNRS et spécialiste du cycle des micropolluants.

    La crainte d’effondrements écologiques

    À la liste des maux qui déséquilibrent les écosystèmes de montagne, il faut encore ajouter les introductions massives d’espèces (les #saumons dans les lacs pour développer la pêche ou les #pins à croissance rapide pour la sylviculture, par exemple), ou encore l’introduction de nouveaux #agents_pathogènes (maladies, bactéries, virus), par le tourisme, le pastoralisme ou d’autres vecteurs. Ces nombreuses #menaces créent des synergies entre elles. Lorsqu’une espèce est affaiblie par les #pollutions, le changement climatique ou les #maladies, elle est d’autant plus vulnérable aux autres sources de pression.

    Avec un #effet_multiplicateur dévastateur : « La recherche sur le #multistress est un sujet très prégnant en ce moment. On voit en laboratoire que la présence de deux sources de #stress sur des organismes aura un effet supérieur à la simple addition de ces deux stress. Mais c’est très compliqué de comprendre l’impact en situation réelle », dit Hugo Sentenac, spécialiste de la santé de la faune sauvage et maître de conférences à l’université de Franche-Comté.

    Jusqu’où les écosystèmes seront-ils capables d’encaisser ces stress multiples ? C’est la grande inconnue. La montagne reste un milieu aujourd’hui sous-étudié et les chercheurs manquent de données pour quantifier la crise en cours et anticiper précisément ce qui pourrait advenir.

    À défaut de certitudes, la crainte d’effondrements écologiques est bien là. « C’est très difficile de se prononcer sur la situation, mais on constate en général que les effondrements ne sont pas linéaires. Un écosystème est un peu comme un organisme. Un animal ou un humain a une certaine capacité de résilience ; il peut encaisser le stress, jusqu’au moment où il va craquer. C’est pareil pour un écosystème. C’est extrêmement dur à étudier, mais c’est un énorme sujet d’inquiétude dans la communauté de recherche », souligne Hugo Sentenac.

    La fragilité de cette biodiversité de montagne est d’autant plus forte que les écosystèmes d’altitude sont moins « redondants » qu’en plaine : il y a moins d’espèces qui remplissent une fonction écosystémique donnée. Si l’espèce disparaît, il n’y a donc pas forcément d’espèce de secours jouant le même rôle dans l’écosystème, ce qui peut fragiliser tout l’édifice écologique.

    Les #micro-organismes symbolisent cette menace fantôme qui pèse sur les montagnes. Rouages essentiels dans la synthèse des nutriments, particulièrement dans un environnement rude comme la montagne, les communautés microbiennes et leur rôle sont encore trop méconnues, pointent les chercheurs.

    « Les #biofilms [des communautés bactériennes complexes] sont de véritables petites usines dans les lacs de montagne, qui nettoient, font circuler les nutriments, protègent des pathogènes… » décrit Dirk Schmeller. Or, les scientifiques observent dans ces lacs un changement en cours parmi les micro-organismes, avec une diminution du nombre de diatomées (micro-algues) et une hausse de la présence de cyanobactéries, potentiellement toxiques et renforcées par les bouleversements chimiques à l’œuvre dans ces eaux.

    « C’est un énième indicateur que ces #lacs ne vont pas bien, mais on ne voit pas encore de grosse chute des diatomées », précise Hugo Sentenac. Ces micro-organismes à la base des écosystèmes semblent pour l’instant plutôt bien résister, comparativement à certaines populations d’insectes ou d’amphibiens dont les populations s’effondrent, souligne le chercheur. Comprendre leur évolution pourrait être une clé de l’énigme sur le devenir de cette biodiversité montagnarde.

    https://reporterre.net/En-montagne-la-biodiversite-pourrait-s-effondrer-plus-vite-qu-ailleurs
    #effondrement

  • Unexplained Heat-Wave ‘#Hotspots’ Are Popping Up Across the Globe

    Earth’s hottest recorded year was 2023, at 2.12 degrees F above the 20th-century average. This surpassed the previous record set in 2016. So far, the 10 hottest yearly average temperatures have occurred in the past decade. And, with the hottest summer and hottest single day, 2024 is on track to set yet another record.

    All this may not be breaking news to everyone, but amid this upward march in average temperatures, a striking new phenomenon is emerging: distinct regions are seeing repeated heat waves that are so extreme, they fall far beyond what any model of global warming can predict or explain. A new study (https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2411258121) provides the first worldwide map of such regions, which show up on every continent except Antarctica like giant, angry skin blotches. In recent years these heat waves have killed tens of thousands of people, withered crops and forests, and sparked devastating wildfires.

    “The large and unexpected margins by which recent regional-scale extremes have broken earlier records have raised questions about the degree to which climate models can provide adequate estimates of relations between global mean temperature changes and regional climate risks,” says the study.

    “This is about extreme trends that are the outcome of physical interactions we might not completely understand,” said lead author Kai Kornhuber, an adjunct scientist at the Columbia Climate School’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “These regions become temporary hothouses.” Kornhuber is also a senior research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria.

    The study was just published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    The study looks at heat waves over the past 65 years, identifying areas where extreme heat is accelerating considerably faster than more moderate temperatures. This often results in maximum temperatures that have been repeatedly broken by outsize, sometimes astonishing, amounts. For instance, a nine-day wave that hammered the U.S. Pacific Northwest and southwestern Canada in June 2021 broke daily records in some locales by 30 degrees C, or 54 F. This included the highest ever temperature recorded in Canada, 121.3 F, in Lytton, British Columbia. The town burned to the ground the next day in a wildfire driven in large part by the drying of vegetation in the extraordinary heat. In Oregon and Washington state, hundreds of people died from heat stroke and other health conditions.

    These extreme heat waves have been hitting predominantly in the last five years or so, though some occurred in the early 2000s or before. The most hard-hit regions include populous central China, Japan, Korea, the Arabian peninsula, eastern Australia and scattered parts of Africa. Others include Canada’s Northwest Territories and its High Arctic islands, northern Greenland, the southern end of South America and scattered patches of Siberia. Areas of Texas and New Mexico appear on the map, though they are not at the most extreme end.

    According to the report, the most intense and consistent signal comes from northwestern Europe, where sequences of heat waves contributed to some 60,000 deaths in 2022 and 47,000 deaths in 2023. These occurred across Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and other countries. Here, in recent years, the hottest days of the year are warming twice as fast the summer mean temperatures. The region is especially vulnerable in part because, unlike places like the United States, few people have air conditioning, because traditionally it was almost never needed. The outbreaks have continued. In September, new maximum temperature records were set in Austria, France, Hungary, Slovenia, Norway and Sweden. Well into October, many parts of the U.S. Southwest and California saw record temperatures for the month more typical of midsummer.

    The researchers call the statistical trends “tail-widening”―that is, the anomalous occurrence of temperatures at the far upper end, or beyond, anything that would be expected with simple upward shifts in mean summer temperatures. But the phenomenon is not happening everywhere; the study shows that maximum temperatures across many other regions are actually lower than what models would predict. These include wide areas of the north-central United States and south-central Canada, interior parts of South America, much of Siberia, northern Africa and northern Australia. Heat is increasing in these regions as well, but the extremes are increasing at similar or lower speed than what changes in average would suggest.

    Climbing overall temperatures make heat waves more likely in many cases, but the causes of the extreme heat outbreaks are not entirely clear. In Europe and Russia, an earlier study led by Kornhuber blamed heat waves and droughts on wobbles in the jet stream, a fast-moving river of air that continuously circles the northern hemisphere. Hemmed in by historically frigid temperatures in the far north and much warmer ones further south, the jet stream generally confines itself to a narrow band. But the Arctic is warming on average far more quickly than most other parts of the Earth, and this appears to be destabilizing the jet stream, causing it to develop so-called Rossby waves, which suck hot air from the south and park it in temperate regions that normally do not see extreme heat for days or weeks at a time.

    This is only one hypothesis, and it does not seem to explain all the extremes. A study of the fatal 2021 Pacific Northwest/southwestern Canada heat wave led by Lamont-Doherty graduate student Samuel Bartusek (also a coauthor on the latest paper) identified a confluence of factors. Some seemed connected to long-term climate change, others to chance. The study identified a disruption in the jet stream similar to the Rossby waves thought to affect Europe and Russia. It also found that decades of slowly rising temperatures had been drying out regional vegetation, so that when a spell of hot weather came along, plants had fewer reserves of water to evaporate into the air, a process that helps moderate heat. A third factor: a series of smaller-scale atmospheric waves that gathered heat from the Pacific Ocean surface and transported it eastward onto land. Like Europe, few people in this region have air conditioning, because it is generally not needed, and this probably upped the death toll.

    The heat wave “was so extreme, it’s tempting to apply the label of a ‘black swan’ event, one that can’t be predicted,” said Bartusek. “But there’s a boundary between the totally unpredictable, the plausible and the totally expected that’s hard to categorize. I would call this more of a grey swan.”

    While the wealthy United States is better prepared than many other places, excessive heat nevertheless kills more people than all other weather-related causes combined, including hurricanes, tornadoes and floods. According to a study out this past August, the yearly death rate has more than doubled since 1999, with 2,325 heat-related deaths in 2023. This has recently led to calls for heat waves to be named, similar to hurricanes, in order to heighten public awareness and motivate governments to prepare.

    “Due to their unprecedented nature, these heat waves are usually linked to very severe health impacts, and can be disastrous for agriculture, vegetation and infrastructure,” said Kornhuber. “We’re not built for them, and we might not be able to adapt fast enough.”

    The study was also coauthored by Richard Seager and Mingfang Ting of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and H.J. Schellnhuber of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

    https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2024/11/26/unexplained-heat-wave-hotspots-are-popping-up-across-the-glob
    #points_de_chaleur #points_chauds #climat #changement_climatique #cartographie #statistiques #chiffres #visualisation #monde #température

    • Global emergence of regional heatwave hotspots outpaces climate model simulations

      #Heatwaves can lead to considerable impacts on societal and natural systems. Accurate simulation of their response to warming is important for adaptation to potential climate futures. Here, we quantify changes of extreme temperatures worldwide over recent decades. We find an emergence of hotspots where the hottest temperatures are warming significantly faster than more moderate temperatures. In these regions, trends are largely underestimated in climate model simulations. Globally aggregated, we find that models struggle with both ends of the trend distribution, with positive trends being underestimated most, while moderate trends are well reproduced. Our findings highlight the need to better understand and model extreme heat and to rapidly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to avoid further harm.

      https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2411258121
      #canicule #vague_de_chaleur

  • Bluetooth temperature humidity data logger for fruit storage

    Bluetooth temperature humidity data logger is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the fruit storage environment. Managers can view and analyze temperature and humidity data and fluctuations at any time through the app, detect abnormalities in time, adjust the optimal environmental conditions, and ensure the quality and freshness of the fruit.

    Different types of fruits have specific requirements for temperature and humidity. Fruit storage needs to be in a reasonable temperature and humidity environment to extend the shelf life and quality of the fruit. The Bluetooth temperature sensor launched by Freshliance has the characteristics of a small footprint, high accuracy, and long continuous working time. BlueTag T100/TH100 Bluetooth temperature humidity data logger can remotely configure parameters on the APP, view and analyze real-time temperature and humidity data, and filter data for a certain period of time, quickly understanding historical data, and making analysis more targeted, thereby improving the efficiency of vegetable cold chain management.

    Temperature and humidity monitoring is very important for the storage and transportation of fruits. Bluetooth temperature humidity data logger is an important temperature management device in modern fruit warehousing and cold chain transportation. Freshliance temperature sensors can be used for the transportation and storage of fruits and other foods, medicines, vaccines, and the management of environmental temperature and humidity in laboratories and greenhouses to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
    #bluetooth #temperaturehumidity #fruitstorage

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/bluetag-t100-th100-bluetooth-temperature-humidity-data-logger.html

  • Bluetooth temperature recorder for real-time temperature monitoring in data centers

    Data centers generate a lot of heat. Excessive temperature will affect the normal operation of equipment, so it is necessary to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and temperature and humidity monitoring is essential. Bluetooth temperature recorder is used for temperature and humidity monitoring in data rooms, which can realize remote real-time temperature monitoring, effectively manage the temperature and humidity data in the room, and make timely adjustments.

    Servers, routers and other network devices are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions. Excessive or low temperature and humidity will affect their operation and even service life. The BlueTag TH30 Bluetooth temperature recorder developed and produced by Freshliance is used together with the network management to form a networked system, which has a wider monitoring area and higher accuracy and supports remote real-time monitoring and alarm notification. Operation and maintenance personnel can view data at any time through mobile phones or computers, and provide free comprehensive data analysis, mapping and data filtering. In addition, abnormal temperature and humidity can be reported in time, and managers can respond to emergencies.

    Through real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, managers can better optimize the operating efficiency of equipment such as air conditioners in the room, achieve energy savings and cost control. The wireless temperature data logger provided by Freshliance can meet the needs of remote real-time monitoring of indoor temperature and humidity in data rooms, laboratories, museums, libraries, archives, etc. of different sizes, improve environmental management efficiency, and reduce costs.
    #bluetooth #temperaturerecorder #datacenters #wireless

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/bluetag-th30-bluetooth-temperature-and-humidity-data-logger.html

  • Bluetooth temperature and humidity data logger with display for laboratories, greenhouses, etc.

    Bluetooth temperature and humidity data logger can use Bluetooth technology to read and analyze environmental temperature and humidity data directly through an app. It is very suitable for temperature and humidity monitoring in laboratories, greenhouses, museums, and other places, and improves the efficiency of temperature and humidity management.

    Freshliance launched the BlueTag TH20, a Bluetooth temperature and humidity data logger with LCD display, which can intuitively view temperature and humidity data on the screen. This Bluetooth temperature sensor can be connected to the Tkeeper App provided free of charge by Freshliance, which supports multiple users to view, share and export data using different mobile phones, which helps to analyze and manage environmental temperature and humidity. This Bluetooth temperature logger can set high and low temperature/humidity alarm points. If the ambient temperature/humidity exceeds the safe range, not only will the LCD display the alarm status, but there will also be an alarm reminder on the APP, so that managers can take timely measures to ensure the safety and quality of items.

    Temperature and humidity monitoring is very important for laboratories, greenhouses, medicine cabinets, etc. The Bluetooth temperature and humidity data logger provided by Freshliance can accurately and persistently collect environmental temperature and humidity data. While monitoring, it can also be used for subsequent analysis to help companies identify potential problems, optimize processes and improve decision-making.
    #bluetooth #laboratories #greenhouses #temperaturehumidity #temperaturesensor

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/bluetag-th20-bluetooth-temperature-and-humidity-data-logger.html

  • Remote monitoring of real-time temperature recorder for storage

    Many commodities, especially food, medicine, chemicals, etc., are extremely sensitive to temperature. Real-time monitoring is required during the storage process to ensure that these products are stored within the appropriate temperature range. Real-time temperature recorder can realize remote real-time temperature viewing and analysis, optimize inventory management, adjust storage conditions, and improve overall operational efficiency.

    The real-time temperature recorder for storage launched by Freshliance has the characteristics of a small footprint, wide collection range, and high accuracy, and can be deployed in warehouses of different sizes. This Bluetooth temperature data logger can be connected to the gateway, and real-time data can be directly read and analyzed on the APP, and the maximum value, minimum value, average value and MKT value and other results can be automatically counted, which is very effective for storage management. Users can choose external probes according to their needs. For some spaces with high sealing requirements, flexible ultra-fine cable external probes can be selected to avoid fluctuations in ambient temperature.

    Real-time temperature monitoring in storage is not only an important means to ensure product quality but also a key factor in improving enterprise operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The real-time temperature recorder provided by Freshliance can meet the real-time monitoring of temperature/humidity in different environments and places, improve the efficiency of temperature management, and reduce costs. We will also provide every customer with
    #realtime #temperaturerecorder #storage

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/bluetag-th10-bluetooth-temperature-and-humidity-data-logger.html

  • How to use the refrigerator Bluetooth temperature sensor?

    Refrigerators are used to store sensitive items such as food, medicine, and experimental samples, and have strict requirements on temperature stability. Temperature monitoring is essential in refrigerators in supermarkets, laboratories, and industrial places. Bluetooth temperature sensor can use Bluetooth technology to connect to mobile phone apps, and can directly read and view the temperature data inside the refrigerator without opening the refrigerator door, which can effectively solve problems such as refrigerator sealing.

    Freshliance has launched the BlueTag T10 Bluetooth temperature data logger, with a temperature monitoring range of -30℃~+70℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃ F.S., suitable for sensitive items such as food, medicine, and biological reagents. The Bluetooth temperature sensor can enable multiple users to read and analyze data remotely through the APP at the same time. In addition, the APP allows users to filter and sort data by minute for free, making the analysis more targeted and efficient, effectively improving the refrigerator environment management and ensuring the safety of items.

    The Bluetooth temperature sensor launched by Freshliance is suitable for temperature monitoring and recording in indoor places such as refrigerators, laboratories, libraries, museums, greenhouses, and homes. It can also be used in transportation environments such as refrigerated trucks, containers, and airplanes. It has the characteristics of high accuracy, high protection level, and good stability. It is very practical for environmental temperature management such as transportation and storage.
    #refrigerator #bluetooth #temperaturesensor

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products/bluetag-t10-bluetooth-temperature-data-logger.html

  • Environmental real-time temperature monitoring solution

    Real-time temperature monitoring is very important for the transportation and storage of sensitive items, as well as for the environmental management of laboratories, greenhouses, farms, etc. It can view and analyze temperature and humidity data from a distance, and can also configure parameters to improve the efficiency of environmental temperature management.

    Freshliance is a manufacturer specializing in the development and production of real-time temperature logger. The recorders take up little space and have high accuracy and good stability. Freshliance can also reasonably design real-time temperature monitoring solutions according to user needs, meet online remote and real-time data viewing, screen and analyze historical data, and meet market demand from factors such as effect and cost. It can be used in transportation, warehousing, laboratories, libraries, hospitals, factories, greenhouses and other places that require temperature and humidity monitoring.

    Real-time temperature and humidity monitoring is efficient and intelligent, which can help managers save time and cost, and is an ideal choice for environmental temperature and humidity management. Freshliance can provide the market with real-time temperature loggers that are simple to operate, durable, advanced in function, and compliant with safety regulations, improving corporate quality, safety and operational efficiency.
    #realtime #temperaturemonitoring #temperaturelogger

    real-time temperature monitoring
    real-time temperature logger

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/solutions
    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products

  • Wireless temperature data logger manufacturer

    Wireless temperature data logger has become a more ideal choice for monitoring and recording environmental temperature and humidity in cold chain transportation storage, laboratories, hospitals, etc. Intelligent and efficient real-time temperature monitoring can greatly improve the efficiency of environmental temperature and humidity management and reduce costs.

    Freshliance is a manufacturer specializing in the research and development and production of wireless temperature data loggers. It has launched Bluetooth temperature loggers, wifi temperature data loggers, 4G real-time temperature loggers, etc. It can collect environmental temperature and humidity data through Bluetooth, wireless network and other technologies, and upload them stably. Through APP or platform, you can remotely view real-time and historical temperature and humidity data, intelligent analysis, alarm reminders, etc. These real-time temperature recorder can be used in different places such as transportation, warehousing, laboratories, libraries, greenhouses, etc.

    Freshliance wireless temperature data logger has the characteristics of high stability, high accuracy, high sensitivity, etc. It can be customized according to needs to improve the efficiency of environmental temperature management in transportation, warehousing, etc. We can provide cloud platforms, APPs and network platforms for free to help users better experience the Freshliance real-time temperature monitoring system and solve environmental temperature management problems.
    #wireless #temperaturemonitoring #realtime #temperaturedatalogger

    https://www.realtimelogger.com/products

  • Wireless data loggers for real-time temperature monitoring in transportation and storage

    Real-time temperature monitoring is a more ideal choice for transportation and storage temperature management. Wireless data loggers can realize remote configuration, viewing, analysis, alarm, report generation and other functions, which can improve the efficiency of temperature management of sensitive items in transportation and storage, ensure the safety of items and reduce costs.

    Freshliance’s wireless data loggers include Bluetooth temperature loggers, 4G temperature data loggers, WIFI temperature loggers, and Gateway Real-time Temperature and Humidity Monitoring. Using APP or network platforms, you can remotely manage the temperature of transportation, warehousing and other environments, view and analyze in real time. Freshliance can also design a reasonable real-time temperature monitoring solution according to user needs to help users improve temperature management and reduce costs.

    Real-time temperature monitoring of sensitive items in transportation and storage can detect abnormal temperature and humidity in time, so as to take measures in advance to prevent the quality and safety of items from being affected. The wireless data loggers provided by Freshliance have the characteristics of high accuracy, good stability, and small space occupation. They are suitable for use in different environments, can work continuously for a long time, and can monitor and record every temperature change.
    #wirelessdataloggers #realtime #temperaturemonitoring

    https://www.realtimelogger.com

  • Real-time temperature monitoring for drug storage

    Drugs are very sensitive to temperature, and large temperature fluctuations can affect their quality and safety. Real-time temperature monitoring can ensure that the drug transportation and storage environment meet the requirements. Freshliance’s self-developed real-time temperature data logger can remotely view environmental temperature data in real-time through an APP or network platform to improve the efficiency of cold chain management of drugs, vaccines, etc.

    Real-time temperature monitoring of drugs is crucial in the transportation and storage of medicines, such as vaccines, biologics, insulin, etc. Maintaining drugs within an appropriate temperature range helps ensure the effectiveness, safety, and compliance of drugs. Freshliance’s wifi data logger can automatically upload the collected drug ambient temperature to the cloud through the wifi network, and managers can remotely view the real-time temperature, historical temperature, equipment usage, and other data through an APP or network platform. The real-time temperature data recorder supports 24-hour uninterrupted data collection and upload. If the network fails, the main device collection works normally. When the network is restored, the unuploaded data will be re-uploaded, and there will be no data loss, maintaining the integrity of the data.

    The real-time temperature data logger can not only ensure the quality of drugs during transportation and storage, but also improve supply chain efficiency, meet industry regulatory requirements, and reduce the risk of drug loss. Freshliance can provide suitable wireless temperature recorders and complete real-time temperature monitoring solutions according to the management needs of pharmaceutical companies, reduce cold chain costs, and ensure drug quality.
    #realtime #temperaturemonitoring #wifidatalogger #drugtransportationstorage

    https://www.temperaturehumidityloggers.com/coeus-wifi-wireless-temperature-and-humidity-data-logger

  • Low temperature data logger for frozen food storage

    Frozen food requires a suitable and stable ambient temperature during transportation or storage. Low temperature data logger is used to monitor and record the temperature of frozen food transportation and storage environments to ensure a stable environment. At the same time, they can provide transparent temperature records to ensure that the food purchased by consumers is safe and meets quality standards.

    Temperature monitoring is crucial in the supply chain of frozen food. The low temperature data logger provided by Freshliance is widely used in the transportation and storage of frozen food. They have high accuracy, good stability, and high protection level, and can effectively manage the ambient temperature of the supply chain. Tagplus-T USB temperature recorder can be connected to a computer to generate temporary and complete temperature reports; the temperature recorder can set alarm points, which can detect abnormal changes in the ambient temperature of frozen food in time, which is conducive to adjusting the temperature and ensuring food safety.

    There are strict regulations for the transportation and storage of frozen food, requiring companies to ensure reliable temperature monitoring in all aspects of cold chain management. The low temperature data logger provided by Freshliance can meet the needs of cold chain temperature management of frozen food, and it is cheap, with guaranteed after-sales service, and is trustworthy!
    #frozenfood #usbtemperaturerecorder #temperaturedatalogger #lowtemperature

    https://www.multiusetemperaturelogger.com/tagplus-t-multi-use-temperature-data-logger

  • Remote Real-time temperature data logger for cold chain transportation

    Cold chain transportation can provide a suitable environment for temperature and humidity-sensitive items during long-distance transportation, and real-time temperature and humidity monitoring can ensure the stability of the environment. A remote Real-time temperature data logger can use the network to view temperature and humidity data at any time, which helps to analyze the environmental temperature and humidity at any time during transportation, improve the efficiency of temperature and humidity management of the entire supply chain, and reduce costs.

    Freshliance’s Fresh Tracker 10 Real-time temperature data logger uses a 4G (LTE_Cat1)/2G cellular network and can use an APP and network platform to remotely view real-time or historical temperature and humidity data. It is suitable for real-time monitoring and recording of temperature and humidity in the storage environment of sea, land, and air transportation items. The wireless temperature recorder also uses LBS base station positioning technology to provide real-time and historical location data on electronic maps, so that the location information of items can be understood at any time to ensure the safety of items. Through APP or platform, consignees and consignors can filter data by date, and can accurately view the temperature and humidity data of the transportation environment in a certain period of time, improving the efficiency of temperature and humidity management.

    A real-time temperature data logger is more efficient and less costly for cold chain transportation environment temperature and humidity management. Through our free APP and network platform, real-time temperature and humidity data can be remotely obtained to detect abnormalities in time and take designated corrective measures to minimize losses.
    #temperaturehumiditymonitoring #realtime #temperaturedatalogger #wirelesstemperaturerecorder

    https://www.temperaturehumidityloggers.com/freshliance-fresh-tracker

  • The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Change : Global vs. Local Temperature

    This paper estimates that the macroeconomic damages from climate change are six times larger than previously thought. Exploiting natural global temperature variability, we find that 1°C warming reduces world GDP by 12%. Global temperature correlates strongly with extreme climatic events unlike country-level temperature used in previous work, explaining our larger estimate. We use this evidence to estimate damage functions in a neoclassical growth model. Business-as-usual warming implies a 29% present welfare loss and a Social Cost of Carbon of $1,065 per ton. These impacts suggest that unilateral decarbonization policy is cost-effective for large countries such as the United States.

    https://www.nber.org/papers/w32450

    #économie #impact #impact_économique #impact_macro-économique #changement_climatique #températures_locales #PNB
    via @freakonometrics

  • Environnement : comment les terres rurales peuvent aider à refroidir les villes ?

    Alors que les grandes villes du monde entier luttent contre des vagues de chaleur de plus en plus fréquentes et intenses, une étude chinoise quantifie pour la première fois l’effet de #refroidissement apporté par les #zones_rurales adjacentes aux centres urbains.

    Avec l’intensification des vagues de chaleur liées au #changement_climatique, les grandes villes subissent des #températures de plus en plus élevées. Ce phénomène, connu sous le nom d’« #îlot_de_chaleur urbain », est causé par l’accumulation de chaleur dans les immeubles, les routes, et les parkings, amplifiée par le trafic et les systèmes de climatisation.

    À Shanghai, par exemple, la température au centre-ville est en moyenne de 3°C plus élevée que dans les zones rurales environnantes pendant la journée d’été. Cette différence atteint même 5°C la nuit.

    Comme Shanghai, toutes les grandes villes du monde sont confrontées à la chaleur accablante, qui constitue un risque important pour la santé de leurs habitants, pouvant aller jusqu’à la menace mortelle. Jusqu’à présent, les solutions mises en œuvre se sont principalement concentrées sur des mesures internes à la ville, telles que la plantation d’arbres, la création de parcs et d’espaces verts, la végétalisation des bâtiments et l’utilisation de revêtements routiers plus clairs.

    La « #couronne_rurale » : une solution efficace

    Cependant, l’espace urbain étant limité, ces initiatives, bien que nécessaires, ne suffisent pas à elles seules pour obtenir une réduction significative de la température en milieu urbain. En analysant 20 ans de données issues de 30 grandes villes chinoises, des scientifiques ont pour la première fois quantifié l’effet de refroidissement apporté par les zones rurales adjacentes aux centres urbains.

    Leur étude a révélé que les meilleurs effets de refroidissement proviennent d’une « couronne rurale » : une zone tampon verte autour de la ville, comprenant des forêts, des prairies, des buissons, des haies et des plans d’eau. La continuité de ces espaces est également cruciale ; plus ces zones sont fragmentées, moins leur effet de refroidissement est efficace.

    Selon les auteurs de l’étude, une couronne rurale bien conçue peut réduire « l’intensité de l’îlot de chaleur urbain jusqu’à un tiers ». Alors que les grandes villes s’efforcent de trouver des solutions pour atténuer les effets des vagues de chaleur, cette étude démontre que pour refroidir les villes, il faudrait également y inclure la planification rurale.

    https://www.rfi.fr/fr/environnement/20240817-environnement-comment-les-terres-rurales-peuvent-aider-%C3%A0-refroidir

    #villes #urban_matter #chaleur #chaud #urbanisme #îlots_de_chaleur

    si quelqu’un·e a envie de chercher l’étude...

  • Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forests

    Tropical montane forest ecosystems are pivotal for sustaining biodiversity and essential terrestrial ecosystem services, including the provision of high-quality fresh water. Nonetheless, the impact of montane deforestation and climate change on the capacity of forests to deliver ecosystem services is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we offer observational evidence demonstrating the response of air temperature and cloud base height to deforestation in African montane forests over the last two decades. Our findings reveal that approximately 18% (7.4 ± 0.5 million hectares) of Africa’s montane forests were lost between 2003 and 2022. This deforestation has led to a notable increase in maximum air temperature (1.37 ± 0.58 °C) and cloud base height (236 ± 87 metres), surpassing shifts attributed solely to climate change. Our results call for urgent attention to montane deforestation, as it poses serious threats to biodiversity, water supply, and ecosystem services in the tropics.

    #Afrique #montagnes #montagne #forêt #déforestation #changement_climatique #climat #biodiversité #services_écosystémiques #température

  • Price of vaccine cold chain time temperature indicator

    Temperature monitoring is essential for the vaccine cold chain. The time temperature indicator has the characteristics of high accuracy and small space occupation, and can accurately monitor every change in ambient temperature. The indicator can set reasonable high and low-temperature alarm points, which can remind managers to make temperature adjustments to ensure the effectiveness of vaccines.

    The optimal temperature of the vaccine cold chain is usually between 2°C and 8°C, which is the most common temperature range during storage and transportation. The temperature monitoring range of the Thermis Tag 1 time temperature indicator launched by Freshliance is -30℃~+70℃, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃. The default safety temperature range is 2-8℃. If the vaccine ambient temperature exceeds this range, the temperature indicator will flash the LED red light and can distinguish the high and low-temperature alarm points. The entire alarm is irreversible, but the device can continue to monitor and will not affect the subsequent temperature monitoring of the vaccine. The temperature indicator has low power consumption and a large battery capacity. It can work for up to five years and has a shelf life of 18 months. Users can choose the appropriate vaccine temperature monitoring equipment according to their needs.

    Cold chain management requirements must be strictly followed throughout the entire transportation, storage, and use process. The time temperature indicator launched by Freshliance can accurately monitor the appropriate cold chain temperature, which is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. It can work continuously for a long time and is inexpensive, making it very cost-effective for vaccine merchants.
    #vaccinecoldchain #temperaturemonitoring #temperatureindicator

    https://www.temperaturehumidityloggers.com/thermis-tag-time-temperature-indicator