#terminologie

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

#linguistique #politique #neutre #grammaires #genre

#mots #terminologie

Très interessant, surtout les exemples de confusion causé par le mot « homme » et l’emploi du mot en #phallosophie
#exception_française #langage #vocabulaire #féminisme

#genre #neutralité #femmes #êtres_humains #humains #terminologie #mots

Avec ce commentaire de Serge Slama sur twitter :

https://i.imgur.com/VnWGPt2.png

Super utile et mille mercis @dror ! et vive seenthis une fois de plus.

#terminologie

Dans la revue A Babord qui vient de sortir à Montréal, un article de Vincent Greason est intitulé : La novlangue « environnementaliste »
▻https://www.ababord.org/Sommaire-du-numero-71

Je pense que à la sortie du prochain numéro, dans 3 mois, celui-ci sera entièrement en ligne...

#A_Babord

"On entend plus souvent l’expression « se faire » (cambrioler, licencier, violer…) plutôt que « être » (cambriolée, licenciée, violée…). Sans doute parce qu’il est plus facile d’utiliser un infinitif que d’accorder un participe passé, en témoigne les erreurs fréquentes (y compris « elle s’est faite renvoyer »).
(...)
Être ou se faire, telle est la question…
Il y a une différence de sens entre les deux formulations : « il s’est fait aimer de tous » n’a pas la même signification que « il est aimé de tous ». L’emploi du verbe « se faire » indique une action, une volonté, ou du moins une participation du sujet, qui a ici fait en sorte d’être aimé, tandis que l’usage du verbe « être » fait un simple constat, un état, de manière plus neutre.
(...)
De même entre « Madame est belle » et « Madame s’est fait belle » : la première formulation constate tandis que la seconde indique que Madame est la cause de sa beauté.
(...)
Dans l’usage populaire, les deux formes tendent à se confondre, jusqu’au contresens puisque, pour beaucoup, « se faire » indiquerait la passivité, le fait de subir, sans doute par analogie avec l’expression familière « se faire avoir », qui signifie être roulé, berné : « il s’est fait avoir comme un bleu ».
Pourtant celui qui « se fait licencier » ne vit pas la même chose que celui qui « est licencié ». Se faire licencier signifie faire en sorte d’être licencié, que ce soit volontaire ou non.
(...)
Personne ne se fait violer
Se faire une tasse de thé, suppose que l’on voulait boire du thé. Se faire faire une robe ou un placard sur mesure, de même. Se faire coiffer, tatouer ou manucurer, aussi. Se faire draguer, se faire remarquer, aussi. Et se faire harceler, agresser, violer ?"

#mots #vocabulaire #viol #passif #actif #terminologie

pourquoi ce mot de « blogueuse » ?

#Daphne_Caruana_Galizia #panama_papers

#journaliste #blogeur #mots #vocabulaire #terminologie

A propos de cela, je me rappelle que quand le journaliste Gabriele Del Grande a été emprisonné en Turquie, je m’étais aussi énervée car la presse italienne parlait de lui comme d’un blogeur...
D’ailleurs, les médias français plutôt de journaliste :
▻http://seen.li/cnuz

Pour contextualiser...

The Malta Files show how the Mediterranean state works as a pirate base for tax avoidance inside the EU. Although profiting from the advantages of EU membership, Malta also welcomes large companies and wealthy private clients who try to dodge taxes in their home countries.

▻https://eic.network/projects/malta-files

▻http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2017-10-17/local-news/Audio-Police-Internal-Affairs-Unit-investigating-Sergeant-Mifsud-Fac

Yesterday, following the brutal murder of Caruana Galizia, sergeant Ramon Mifsud uploaded a Facebook status stating the following; “Had wara had tasal ta kulhadd demel!!!!!!Feeling happy” (Everyone gets what they deserve)

#police

Voir aussi : ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/637844

Réfugiés et migrants pris au piège d’un commerce meurtrier au Niger

Près de 30% des personnes qui risquent leur vie pour traverser le désert vers la Libye pourraient prétendre à une protection internationale une fois arrivées en Europe.

►http://www.unhcr.org/fr/news/stories/2017/8/59848bc1a/refugies-migrants-pris-piege-dun-commerce-meurtrier-niger.html

v. aussi:
Smuggling, Trafficking, and Extortion: New Conceptual and Policy Challenges on the Libyan Route to Europe
►https://seenthis.net/messages/805138

#Roms #Tsiganes #Manouches #Gitans #gens_du_voyage #romanès #hindi #Inde

#France #statistiques #terminologie #définition #mots #chiffres #migrations #droits

Nando Sigona se réfère à ce projet :
Unravelling the Mediterranean Crisis (MEDMIG) (2015-2016)

In response to the on-going migration crisis the ESRC is providing £1 million to support leading UK social scientists to conduct research with migrant and refugee populations who have entered Europe across the Mediterranean. Eight projects from across the UK are being funded under the ESRC’s Urgency Grants Mechanism. This is the first time the ESRC has activated this funding mechanism on a strategic basis, in response to a crisis.

▻http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/social-policy/departments/social-policy-sociology-criminology/research/projects/2015/unravelling-the-mediterranean-crisis.aspx
#Medmig

aussi :
▻http://www.medmig.info

v. aussi sur seenthis : ►http://seen.li/bjvw

#imaginaire

Une mauvaisde fois pour toutes, appeler les choses par leur vrai nom : on ne devrait pas dire droits d’auteur , mais droit d’éditeurs (si ce n’est droits de diffuseur , ce serait plus précis encore)

#privatisation #droits_d'auteur #droits_d'éditeurs #droits_de_diffuseurs #terminologie #mots #vocabulaire

2 billets sur les évènements à
#Charlottesville le 11 et le 12 août

►https://seenthis.net/messages/622032
►https://seenthis.net/messages/622012

#protestations #manifestations #attentat #racisme #antisemitisme #suprématisme_blanc #vocabulaire #langage #terminologie #minimisation #violence #néonazisme #extrême_droite #Virginia #États_unis

L’IWW indique que la camarade tué n’était pas aux IWW, il s’agit d’une camarade anti-fasciste.
▻https://twitter.com/DC_IWW/status/896618357453094912

How #Trump Took Hate Groups Mainstream

The full story of his connection with far-right extremists.

https://pbs.twimg.com/card_img/896088377677795328/db4hKluw?format=jpg&name=600x314#.jpg

Parce que les #mots sont importants... la RTS parle de #collision (#attentat, non ?)... et parle de #réunion (c’était une manifestation illégale dans l’espace public, mais bon...)

Une réunion de la droite radicale américaine vire au drame en Virginie

Cette collision apparemment volontaire est survenue peu après l’interdiction de cette manifestation émaillée de violentes échauffourées, une situation qui a conduit le président Donald Trump à dénoncer la « haine » exprimée (lire encadré).

▻https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/8838077-une-reunion-de-la-droite-radicale-americaine-vire-au-drame-en-virginie.h
#terminologie #vocabulaire
#collision_automobile

Scafisti per forza

“I trafficanti ci hanno detto che le ultime due persone a imbarcarsi avrebbero dovuto prendere timone e bussola. Io gli ho detto che non sapevo usare la bussola né guidare la barca”, dice un minorenne africano sospettato dalle autorità italiane di essere uno scafista. “Hanno risposto che non gli interessava. Poi mi hanno picchiato con un tubo”. Secondo i dati del ministero dell’interno, in Italia dal 2013 sono stati arrestati oltre 1.500 scafisti. Ma quanti di questi erano davvero complici dei trafficanti e non semplici migranti obbligati a mettersi al timone? “Se ti viene detto: ‘porta il gommone’ non puoi dire di no, è una questione di vita o di morte”, spiega Amir Sharaf, interprete del Gruppo interforze di contrasto all’immigrazione clandestina.

Nei tribunali italiani le pene richieste per chi è accusato di aver guidato un gommone di migranti sono spesso molto severe. Per la prima volta però, l’8 settembre 2016, nella sentenza di assoluzione di due presunti scafisti, un giudice di Palermo ha descritto la loro condizione come dettata da uno “stato di necessità”.

►https://www.internazionale.it/video/2018/04/11/scafisti-per-forza

Quelques citations transcrite à partir de la vidéo

Carlo Parini, Gruppo interforze contrasto immigrazione clandestina:

«La figura dello scafista non è la figura di uno veramente appartenente all’organizzazione»

#Statisiques #chiffres:
«Secondo i dati del ministero dell’interno, tra agosto 2015 e luglio 2016, sono stati arrestati 793 scafisti. Dal 2013 gli arresti sono stati 1511»
"Per le autorità italiane non è facile individuare i responsabili del traffico di esseri umani in Libia. E spesso gli scafisti sono solo migranti costretti a condurre i gommoni"

Amir Sharaf, interprete, Gruppo interforze contrasto immigrazione clandestina

«Gli scafisti, quelli che arrivano dalla Libia, sono migranti normali, che vengono costretti, ad un certo punto anche picchiati, malmenati, minacciati. Se ti trovi in Libia, nella stessa condizione, e ti viene detto: ’Tocca (?) quel gommone!’ Tu non potresti mai dire no. Perché dire no è un suicidio. Lì, c’è una necessità di non morire»

Giusy Latino, progetto Open Europe:
Projet qui s’occupe de loger et conseiller les personnes qui sont identifiées, à leur débarquement, comme «scafisti».
Giusy dit:

«Sicuramente passano da qualche giorno a qualche settimana di carcere. Con un’accusa del genere, il passaggio obbligato è il carcere»

Lamin Sar, presunto scafista:

«Mi chiamo Lamin Sar, vengo dal Senegal, ho 18 anni. Quando sono arrivato in Libia ho pagato con i miei soldi. In un primo momento un libico guidava la barca. Dopo aver chiamato i soccorsi, ha detto: ’Ritorno in Libia.’ Io non sapevo guidare la barca, però in quel momento tutti gli altri si sono vergognati e per paura non volevano fare niente. Sono stato io a correre un rischio per aiutare gli altri. Però avevo paura come gli altri. Quando siamo arrivati in Italia mi hanno portato subito in prigione. Il mio primo giorno in Italia ho dormito in prigione. Dopo qualche giorno mi hanno detto di andare in un ufficio e un ragazzo senegalese che parla italiano meglio di me mi ha detto: ’Loro dicono che sei tu che guidavi la barca.’ In quel momento ho capito perché ero in prigione».

«L’8 settembre 2016 il giudice di palermo Omar Modica ha assolto due presunti scafisti, accusati anche di omicidio. Nella traversata erano morte 12 persone. L’accusa aveva chiesto l’ergastolo. Nella sentenza di assoluzione si parla per la prima volta di #stato_di_necessità, affermando che gli accusati erano stati costretti a guidare il gommone»
#état_de_nécessité

Gigi Omar Modica, giudice di Palermo:

Cosa si chiede a questi soggetti? Gli si chiede: chi era alla guida del mezzo e chi portava la bussola. Punto. Si scava? A volte credo di no. A ciò va aggiunto che chi parla dopo un po’ ha il permesso di soggiorno per motivi di giustizia, perché testimone di un processo. Queste cose non si sanno? Gli immigrati non lo sanno? Lo fanno spontaneamente? No, ve lo dico io. Questo per capire come non siamo di fronte al classico testimone con la pancia piena, tranquillo, beato, che va lì e dice tutto. Siamo di fronte a soggetti che hanno paura a parlare e che spontaneamente non ti dicono nulla. Se poi noi ce la prendiamo con questi morti di fame che materialmente vengono catturati, che vengono colti alla guida di questi natanti, non compiamo un atto di giustizia. Quindi le pene che vengono richieste, pene stellari, mi sembra tutto profondamente ingiusto."

#justice #injustice

Cinzia Pecoraro, avvocato:

«Spesso i trafficanti utilizzano come scafisti dei minori. Nel caso di un ragazzo che sto seguendo, che è stato arrestato come presunto scafista, ha dichiarato la sua data di nascita, settembre 1999, però in Italia vi è un metodo utilizzato per stabilire l’età anagrafica di un soggetto: radiografia del polso. E’ stata effettuata la radiografia del posto di Joof Alfusainey ed è risultato avere più di 18 anni. Joof è stato detenuto per quasi un anno presso il carcere di Palermo, quindi tra soggetti maggiorenni. Joof all’epoca aveva 15 anni»

Joof Alfusainey, presunto scafista

«Mi chiamo Alfusainey Joof, vengo dal Gambia et ho 17 anni. Sono arrivato in Italia l’11 giugno 2016, un sabato. Ho attraversato Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria. Poi sono arrivato in Libia. Questa era la mia tessera di studente quando vivevo in Gambia. Perché in Gambia, se sei minorenne, non puoi avere documenti come il passaporto.»

–-> après recours de l’avocate, Joof a été considéré mineur.

La suite du témoignage de Joof:

«Arrivati in Italia, mi hanno fatto scendere dalla nave soccorso per primo caricandomi su un’ambulanza e portandomi in ospedale. Arrivato in ospedale ho visto la polizia, a quel punto ho scoperto di essere accusato di aver guidato la barca. Ho provato molte volte a dirgli che non ero stato io a guidare la barca, ma a loro non interessava. Non mi hanno neanche dato la possibilità di parlare, anche se era un mio diritto. Ma a loro non interessava e continuavano a dire che ero stato io. Mi stavano accusando senza prove. Non avevano nulla, nessuna foto, nessun video che mi incriminassero. Solo parole.»

Cinzia Pecoraro, avvocato:

«Una risposta all’opinione pubblica, la si deve dare. Quindi sicuramente si sceglie la risposta dei numeri. Quindi: tot sbarchi, tot arresti, tot condanne. E già è una risposta all’opinione pubblica. E quindi i numeri adesso sono altissimi, le aule di giustizia traboccano di questi procedimenti, che spesso però colpiscono a mio parere le persone sbagliate.»

La suite du témoignage de Joof:

«Alcune persone in Africa, soprattutto in Libia, sanno che una volta in Italia, chi accusa qualcuno di aver guidato la barca ottiene un permesso di soggiorno. Anche io avrei potuto indicare qualcuno, e dire che era stato lui a guidare la barca, e così avrei ottenuto il permesso di soggiorno. Ma cosa avrei dovuto fare? Io non volevo accusare nessuno. Non volevo mettere un’altra persone nei guai.»

#guerre_entre_pauvres #chantage

#test_osseux #âge #mineur #majeur #âge_osseux #criminalisation

Why is the Syracuse man who saved thousands of migrants out of a job?

After more than a decade of heading Sicily’s taskforce on illegal immigration, #Carlo_Parini has been told his role will end.

The history of the migrant crisis in the central Mediterranean, the story of its dead and shipwrecked, is all contained in a messy desk overflowing with files and folders in a tiny room in the prosecutor’s office in Syracuse.

Somewhere among the heaps of papers is Commissario Carlo Parini, head of an illegal-immigration taskforce. Parini is pensive. Late last month it was announced that the taskforce’s office in the historic south-eastern Sicilian city was closing, with an abrupt explanation: “Arrivals from Libya in Sicily have decreased by 80%, and this office is no longer needed.”

From 2006 until earlier this month, the 56-year-old Parini – who at 6ft 5in towers over most people – headed the Interforce Group on Illegal Immigration in Sicily (Gicic). In that time nearly 200,000 people arrived in the island. Their stories are all catalogued in the dusty folders that cover his office. Over the past few days they have been transferred to cardboard boxes, their final destination the basement.

“They say the arrivals are over,” says Parini. “And yet this year we intercepted 12 sailing boats transporting 900 migrants from Turkey. We’ve followed these investigations for many years. We had almost arrived at the heart of the criminal organisation. It’s a shame to stop now.”

Looking around the office in search of something he fears has been lost, he suddenly exclaims. “Here it is! Finally! I’d been looking for this for days. Read this: it’s the first migrant case I worked on.”

He remembers it as if it were yesterday. Thirty-five shivering Sri Lankans arrived in Italy from Egypt aboard a wooden boat one winter evening in 1999, when Parini was still a junior anti-Mafia police officer. As he waited for their arrival at the port of Riposto, just along the coast from Syracuse, he had no idea that the moment would change his life and set the course for the next 20 years of his career.

The following day the newspapers in Italy reported confidently that the arrivals were “an isolated case”. No one – not the police, and certainly not the press – could have predicted then what would happen over the coming years, when Europe would be forced to come to grips with the most intense migrant and refugee crisis since the second world war. That arrival in the port of Riposto was a mere hint of what was to come.

In 2000, 2,782 migrants crossed the Mediterranean to reach Sicily; 18,225 came in 2002. In 2011 it was 57,181. Between 2006 and last November, Parini handled 1,084 arrivals, investigated the deaths of more than 2,000 migrants, and arrested 1,081 people accused of human trafficking. This last total earned him the attention of the international press, who lionised him. It even earned him a nickname: “Smuggler Hunter”.

“We worked day and night, relentlessly,” Parini says. “We’d spend entire days at the port. One of my colleagues had a heart attack. He had had no sleep for three consecutive days. And then that cursed day came in October 2013 that changed the migrant crisis for ever. That day that changed us all.”

The mass drowning off Lampedusa on 3 October 2013 marked a turning point. That night 368 people perished in the sea in an attempt to reach Sicily. Until then European governments had largely watched from their capitals. Now they agreed that it was time to act. On 18 October, Italy launched the Mare Nostrum operation, a military intervention for humanitarian ends intended to prevent such tragedies. Parini became one of the commanders of the mission, and aboard the military ship San Giorgio he began patrolling the waters of the central Mediterranean and rescuing migrant boats in distress.

“We saved thousands of lives,” Parini says. “And at the same time we attempted to investigate the people involved in the trafficking business, who were exploiting migrants and getting rich in the process.”

Italian prosecutors convinced their EU counterparts to join the crusade on the premise of a somewhat romantic principle: that the same strategy employed to capture mafiosi could be used to combat people-smugglers. Sicilian prosecutors suspected that among smugglers there was a power structure regulated by an honour code similar to the Cosa Nostra’s. Wire taps – such a vital weapon in the fight against the Mafia – also came in handy. Sitting behind their desks, the prosecutors eavesdropped on hundreds of people in Africa.

But without credible intelligence the hunt from a distance against human traffickers was deeply frustrating. “We arrested thousands of boat drivers,” says Parini. “That was our duty. But the real smugglers were in Libya. And we didn’t have men in Libya.’’

While the prosecutors continued their hunt, in Europe the presence of migrants and refugees led to protests, a rise in rightwing populism, and authoritarian and repressive policies towards asylum seekers.

Mare Nostrum was superseded by Operation Triton, which was intended to patrol the Mediterranean more than save lives. In 2015 non-governmental ships began rescue operations in Libyan waters, saving tens of thousands of lives, while the Italian authorities began attacking aid groups, confiscating vessels without just cause.

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7fffb4762336b3566ac3287aba3c985d12761e6c/0_92_5760_3456/master/5760.jpg?width=620&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=d39b8cba4f1e5ea564017789c0b00c99#.jpg

“Personally, in my work I have never had problems with NGOs,” says Parini. “In fact, some of them were very efficient.”

Migrant arrivals started to nosedive in February 2017 when, in an attempt to stem the flow, Marco Minniti, the former interior minister from the centre-left Democratic party, struck a deal with the Libyan coastguard that allowed it to return migrants and refugees to a country where aid agencies say they suffer torture and abuse. “I have no knowledge of what is going on in Libya,” says Parini. “But given what I’ve been told by the thousands of migrants that I’ve questioned, it must be hell. Injuries and signs of torture on their bodies are proof. Many women were raped in Libya, and those who gave birth in Sicily abandoned their children because they were the result of physical violence, a violence that they wanted to forget for ever.”

Amnesty International estimates that about 20,000 people were intercepted by the coastguard in 2017 and taken back to Libya.

This June a new government took power in Rome in the form of an alliance between the populist Five Star Movement and the rightwing League. The new interior minister, Matteo Salvini, is noted for his anti-immigrant policies and his first move was to close Italy’s ports to the rescue boats. Parini prefers not to comment on Salvini’s tactics, and perhaps his silence speaks louder than words.

Today NGO rescue boats have almost disappeared from the central Mediterranean. People seeking asylum are still risking the crossing but, without the rescue boats, shipwrecks are likely to rise dramatically. The death toll has fallen in the past year, but the number of those drowning as a proportion of arrivals has risen sharply in the past few months, with the possibility of dying during the crossing now three times higher.

Parini left his office in mid-December. After heading one of the most important taskforces charged with fighting illegal immigration in Italy, he is now working for the customs bureau. The history of the migrant crisis, now stored in a basement in Syracuse, will also be indelibly lodged in the memory of this man: a man who will never forget the 167 bodies he was forced to look in the face.

“I will take those faces to my grave, and maybe even beyond,” says Parini.

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du #vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler #migrants #réfugiés #sans-papiers #demandeurs_d_asile #exilés ? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

►https://seenthis.net/messages/349436

“Citizens of the Global North are mobile, citizens of the Global South are migrants”

https://i.imgur.com/Qet02Jc.png

Plusieurs articles abordent la question du vocabulaire. Faut-il les appeler migrants, réfugiés, sans-papiers, demandeurs d’asile, exilés...? Les avis sont partagés :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/414225

Only ’prisons’ in Libya - UNHCR (2)

Special envoy Cochetel tells ANSA of ’horrible conditions’

http://www.ansa.it/webimages/img_457x/2017/8/4/5aa41f20156a8f30f8a7468c89ccfa2f.jpg

A Tripoli con i migranti respinti dall’Europa fra #torture, umiliazioni e fame

Violenze dopo il salvataggio in mare, poi il trasferimento nei centri d’accoglienza: «I poliziotti ci portano via tutto. Ma ritenteremo il nostro viaggio»

▻http://www.lastampa.it/2017/08/12/esteri/tra-i-migranti-respinti-dalleuropa-nelle-celle-libiche-botte-e-disperazione-c2QjWrWjj9mgTgKx3flGjK/amphtml/pagina.amp.html
#refoulement #push-back

Noury (Amnesty Italia): «I centri d’accoglienza in Libia sono in realtà prigioni»

«Esatto, senza considerare poi che i centri d’accoglienza libici dove verrebbero condotti i respinti sono in realtà delle prigioni, alcune delle quali informali, magari vecchi capannoni industriali, o alberghi, o addirittura case private. Chiamarli “centri d’accoglienza” è del tutto sbagliato, sono luoghi di detenzione nei quali non c’è alcuna garanzia per l’incolumità fisica delle persone. Sappiamo che avvengono stupri e torture quotidianamente, ci sono prigionieri detenuti in ostaggio fino a quando i familiari non pagano, prigionieri venduti da una banda criminale all’altra. E, se noi contribuiamo a rafforzare questo sistema illegale, ne siamo pienamente complici.

▻https://left.it/2017/08/12/noury-amnesty-italia-i-centri-daccoglienza-in-libia-sono-in-realta-prigioni

A Tripoli con i migranti respinti dall’Europa fra torture, umiliazioni e fame

Violenze dopo il salvataggio in mare, poi il trasferimento nei centri d’accoglienza: «I poliziotti ci portano via tutto. Ma ritenteremo il nostro viaggio»

▻http://www.lastampa.it/2017/08/12/esteri/tra-i-migranti-respinti-dalleuropa-nelle-celle-libiche-botte-e-disperazione-c2QjWrWjj9mgTgKx3flGjK/pagina.html

Migranti, oltre mille intercettati dalla Guardia costiera libica e mandati in un campo di detenzione

Erano al largo di Sabratha. Gli occupanti sono stati arrestati e inviati a Zawia. La Marina di Tripoli: soccorse più di tremila persone in una settimana in dodici diverse operazioni. Sbarcati a Messina 135 intercettati nel Canale di Sicilia

▻http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2017/09/17/news/migranti_libia-175746376

Rescue ship says Libyan coast guard shot at and boarded it, seeking migrants

A Libyan coast guard vessel fired shots and boarded a humanitarian ship in the Mediterranean on Tuesday, demanding that the migrants on board be handed over to them, a spokesman for the Mission Lifeline charity said.

“The Libyan man said: ‘This is our territory,’” said Axel Steier, a spokesman for the German-based charity that performed its first rescues on Tuesday.

“After a while, they fired shots,” he said, probably into the air or sea. No one was wounded.

Afterward two Libyans boarded the Lifeline ship to try to persuade them to hand over some 70 migrants they had just taken off a wooden boat in international waters.

“We told them we don’t return migrants to Libya. After a while, they gave up,” Steier said. The two men spent about 15 minutes on board, he said.

A Libyan coast guard spokesman in Tripoli declined to comment, saying he was seeking information. Italy’s coast guard, which coordinates rescues, did not respond to repeated telephone calls.

It was the latest incident reported between the Libyan coast guard and humanitarian rescue ships operating off North Africa. Financed, trained and equipped by Italy, the Tripoli-based coastguard is intercepting a growing number of migrant boats.

▻http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-libya-ngo/rescue-ship-says-libyan-coast-guard-shot-at-and-boarded-it-seeking-migrants
#Méditerranée #gardes-côtes

https://i.imgur.com/M0PnNQL.png

Avec ce commentaire de Jeff Crisp sur twitter :

As far as the Libyan coastguard/militia are concerned, ’captured and incarcerated’ might be the most accurate phrase.

Quei campi libici sono irriformabili

Hai voglia di annunciare bandi, di investire qualche milione di euro per rendere vivibile ciò che vivibile non è. Perché i lager libici sono come il socialismo reale: irriformabili. In discussione non sono le buone intenzioni che animano il vice ministro degli Esteri con delega per la Cooperazione internazionale, Mario Giro: per lui parla il lungo impegno in favore della pace e della giustizia sociale per l’Africa e il fatto, politicamente significativo, che nell’estate dominata dalla «caccia» alle Ong e da una ondata securista, Giro è stata una delle poche voci alzatesi tra le fila del governo per ricordare a tutti che i migranti intercettati sulla rotta del Mediterraneo venivano ricacciati nell’"inferno libico".

▻http://www.huffingtonpost.it/umberto-de-giovannangeli/quei-campi-libici-sono-irriformabili_a_23225947

L’Onu vuole aprire un centro di transito per i profughi in Libia

Un contingente di 250 guardie di sicurezza nepalesi arriverà in Libia in questi giorni per garantire sicurezza alla base militare dell’Onu di Tripoli. Se tutto andrà come previsto, spiega Roberto Mignone, capomissione dell’Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati (Unhcr), all’inizio di novembre anche il personale internazionale dell’organizzazione, che dal 2014 si è spostato a Tunisi per ragioni di sicurezza, potrebbe tornare in Libia in pianta stabile.

▻https://www.internazionale.it/bloc-notes/annalisa-camilli/2017/09/29/onu-libia-centro-profughi
#centre_de_transit

ONGI IN LIBIA, VIA ALLA GARA PER UMANIZZARE I CENTRI PROFUGHI. Mia intervista a cura di Marco Menduni su Secolo XIX.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMv4T2AWAAU3uvM.jpg

UN human rights chief: Suffering of migrants in Libya outrage to conscience of humanity

“The international community cannot continue to turn a blind eye to the unimaginable horrors endured by migrants in Libya, and pretend that the situation can be remedied only by improving conditions in detention,” Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein said, calling for the creation of domestic legal measures and the decriminalisation of irregular migration to ensure the protection of migrants’ human rights.

▻http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22393&LangID=E

Libya : Detention centres and disembarkation points. Access by UNHCR and partners, June 2017

https://i.imgur.com/XoCewOH.png

#cartographie #visualisation

Cet extrait tiré d’un article du Sole 24 Ore (journal italien plutôt tourné économie et finance) est quand même assez incroyable, surtout le début, ce « certo »( « certes »)...

Certes... il y a toujours le problème des centres de détention dans un pays qui n’a pas signé la convention de Genève, mais certaines ONG italiennes sont en train d’entrer dans les centres pour vérifier le respect des principes humanitaires basiques...
dit l’article... « certes »...

Certo, resta sempre il problema dei centri di detenzione in un Paese che non ha firmato la convenzione di Ginevra, ma alcune Ong italiane stanno entrando nei centri per verificare il rispetto dei più elementari principi umanitari. Sarebbero oltre 700mila i migranti identificati in Libia tra gennaio e febbraio dall’Oim, l’Organizzazione internazionale per le migrazioni. Ma non ci sono numeri precisi (si parla di altri 300 o 400mila migranti) sparsi in Libia in condizioni anche peggiori dei centri. Per il 63% si tratta di giovani provenienti dall’Africa sub-sahariana, per il 29% da quella settentrionale e per l’8% da Medio Oriente e Asia.

❞
▻http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/mondo/2018-02-24/libia-e-niger-bilancio-dell-italia-e-l-eredita-il-prossimo-governo--212

A mettre en lien, comme le suggère @isskein sur FB, avec cet autre article publié l’été passé :

Italy minister sees light at the end of the tunnel on migrant flows

Italy’s interior minister said on Tuesday (15 August) he saw light at the end of the tunnel for curbing migrant flows from Libya after a slowdown in arrivals across the Mediterranean in recent months.

►https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/italy-minister-sees-light-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel-on-migrant-flows

v. aussi : ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/680613

Campi libici, l’inferno nel deserto. La sentenza della Corte di assise di Milano

La qualità delle indagini e della loro resa dibattimentale, insieme alla ritenuta credibilità delle dichiarazioni delle persone offese, ha confermato, secondo i giudici dell’assise, un contesto di privazione della libertà dei migranti e di violenze di ogni tipo che scolpisce una realtà che per la sorte dei diritti umani è fondamentale non ignorare.

▻http://questionegiustizia.it/articolo/campi-libici-l-inferno-nel-deserto-la-sentenza-della-corte-di-ass

« Je voudrais faire comprendre qu’une fois entrée dans ce système de traite humaine et de rançonnage, une personne ne peut en sortir qu’en se jetant à la mer. Elle y est poussée. On ne passe plus par ce pays [la Libye], on en réchappe : Yacouba ne cherchait plus à se rendre en Europe, il voulait juste ne pas mourir en Libye. Les migrants qui embarquent sur les zodiacs ont été ballottés de ghetto en ghetto, placés en détention durant plusieurs mois. Maltraités, dépouillés, leurs corps épuisés sont alors portés par le seul espoir de retrouver un semblant de dignité sur le ’continent des droits de l’homme’. »

Source : Samuel GRATACAP, in Manon PAULIC, « Ce que l’Europe refuse de voir », Le 1, n°188, 7 février 2018, p.3.

Libya: Shameful EU policies fuel surge in detention of migrants and refugees

A surge in migrants and refugees intercepted at sea by the Libyan authorities has seen at least 2,600 people transferred, in the past two months alone, to squalid detention centres where they face torture and extortion, Amnesty International said today.

The global human rights organisation accuses European governments of complicity in these abuses by actively supporting the Libyan authorities in stopping sea crossings and sending people back to detention centres in Libya.

“The EU is turning a blind eye to the suffering caused by its callous immigration policies that outsource border control to Libya,” said Heba Morayef, Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa Director.

▻https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/libya-shameful-eu-policies-fuel-surge-in-detention-of-migrants-and-refugees

Ne dites pas que ce sont des #camps !

Bien sûr, tous ces #centres_fermés de rassemblement de migrants ne peuvent pas être appelés camps. Cela évoquerait des images effrayantes : les camps de concentration nazis, le système des goulags soviétiques, les camps de réfugiés palestiniens de plusieurs générations, le camp de détention de Guantánamo.

Non, en Allemagne, ces « #non-prisons » devraient être appelées « #centres_de_transit ». Un terme amical, efficace, pratique, comme la zone de transit d’un aéroport où les voyageurs changent d’avion. Un terme inventé par les mêmes personnes qui désignent le fait d’échapper à la guerre et à la pauvreté comme du « #tourisme_d’asile ». Les responsables politiques de l’UE sont encore indécis quant à la terminologie de leurs camps. On a pu lire le terme de « #centres_de_protection » mais aussi celui de « #plateformes_d’atterrissage_et_de_débarquement », ce qui fait penser à une aventure et à un voyage en mer.

Tout cela est du #vernis_linguistique. La réalité est que l’Europe en est maintenant à créer des camps fermés et surveillés pour des personnes qui n’ont pas commis de crime. Les camps vont devenir quelque chose qui s’inscrit dans le quotidien, quelque chose de normal. Si possible dans des endroits lointains et horribles, si nécessaire sur place. Enfermer, compter, enregistrer.

►https://www.tdg.ch/monde/europe/dites-camps/story/31177430

Libya: “Registration is a right for asylum seekers and refugees wherever they are”

Vincent Cochetel, UNHCR Special Envoy for the Central Mediterranean Situation, recently visited detention centers in Lybia and expressed his concerns regarding the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees and the difficulty they face to access proper documentation.

▻http://www.unhcr.org/blogs/registration-is-a-right-for-refugees

Cruel European migration policies leave refugees trapped in Libya with no way out

A year after shocking images purporting to show human beings being bought and sold in Libya caused a global outcry, the situation for migrants and refugees in the country remains bleak and in some respects has worsened, said Amnesty International.

Findings published by the organization today highlight how EU member states’ policies to curb migration, as well as their failure to provide sufficient resettlement places for refugees, continue to fuel a cycle of abuse by trapping thousands of migrants and refugees in appalling conditions in Libyan detention centres.

“One year after video footage showing human beings being bought and sold like merchandise shocked the world, the situation for refugees and migrants in Libya remains bleak,” said Heba Morayef, Middle East and North Africa Director for Amnesty International.

“Cruel policies by EU states to stop people arriving on European shores, coupled with their woefully insufficient support to help refugees reach safety through regular routes, means that thousands of men, women and children are trapped in Libya facing horrific abuses with no way out.”

Migrants and refugees in Libyan detention centres are routinely exposed to torture, extortion and rape.

One year after video footage showing human beings being bought and sold like merchandise shocked the world, the situation for refugees and migrants in Libya remains bleak
Heba Morayef, Amnesty International’s Director for the Middle East and North Africa

The UN refugee agency (UNHCR) has registered 56,442 refugees and asylum seekers in Libya and has repeatedly called on European and other governments to offer resettlement to refugees stranded in Libya, including through evacuation to Niger. However, only 3,886 resettlement places have been pledged by 12 countries and in total just 1,140 refugees have been resettled from Libya and Niger so far. Italy separately evacuated 312 asylum seekers from Libya directly to Italy between December 2017 and February 2018, but no further evacuations took place until the resettlement of 44 refugees on 7 November.

Over the past two years EU member states have put in place a series of measures to block migration across the central Mediterranean, boosting the capacity of the Libyan Coast Guard to intercept sea crossings, striking deals with militias in Libya and hampering the work of NGOs carrying out search and rescue operations.

These policies have contributed to a nearly 80% drop in the numbers crossing the central Mediterranean and arriving in Italy, from 114,415 between January and November 2017 to just 22,232 so far in 2018. There are currently around 6,000 refugees and migrants being held in detention centres in Libya.

With the central Mediterranean sea route almost completely shut off, and the Libyan authorities keeping refugees in unlawful detention and refusing to release them to UNHCR’s care, the only way out of Libyan detention centres is through evacuation to another country via programmes run by the UN. For refugees, who cannot return to their home country, the lack of international resettlement places on offer has left thousands stranded in Libyan detention centres.

The opening of a long promised UNHCR processing centre in Libya that would offer safety for up to 1,000 refugees by allowing them to relocate from the abusive detention centres has been repeatedly delayed. Its opening would undoubtedly be a positive step, but it would only assist a small proportion of refugees in detention and does not offer a sustainable solution.

“At the same time as doing their utmost to stop sea crossings and helping the Libyan Coast Guard to intercept people at sea and send them back to notorious detention centres, European governments have catastrophically failed to offer other routes out of the country for those most in need,” said Heba Morayef.

“While Europe fails to extend the desperately needed lifeline to save those stuck in Libya and at risk of abuse, it is time that the Libyan authorities take responsibility for their atrocious policies of unlawful detention and protect the human rights of all people in their territory.”

Armed clashes in Tripoli between August and September this year have also made the situation for refugees and migrants more dangerous. Some of those held in detention centres have been wounded by stray bullets. There have also been instances where detention centre guards have fled to escape rocket attacks leaving thousands of inmates locked up without food or water.

The publication of Amnesty’s findings is timed to coincide with a meeting of Libyan and other world leaders in the Italian city of Palermo on 12 and 13 November. This international conference is intended to find solutions to break the political stalemate in Libya. Amnesty International is calling on all those taking part in the conference to ensure that human rights of all people in the country, including refugees and migrants, are placed at the centre of their negotiations.

https://pbs.twimg.com/card_img/1060091274181705729/fyjTRUz0?format=jpg&name=600x314#.jpg

▻https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/cruel-european-migration-policies-leave-refugees-trapped-in-libya-with-no-w

UNHCR Flash Update Libya (9 - 15 November 2018) [EN/AR]

An estimated 5,400 refugees and migrants are presently held in detention centres in Libya, of whom 3,900 are of concern to UNHCR. Over the past month, UNHCR has registered 2,629 persons of concern in detention centres in and around Tripoli. So far in 2018, UNHCR conducted 1,139 visits to detention centres and distributed CRIs to 19,348 individuals. Through its partner International Medical Corps (IMC), UNHCR continues to provide medical assistance in detention centres in Libya. So far in 2018, IMC provided 20,070 primary health care consultations in detention centres and 237 medical referrals to public hospitals. In detention centres in the East, UNHCR’s partners have so far provided 1,058 primary health care consultations and distributed CRIs to 725 individuals.

►https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/unhcr-flash-update-libya-9-15-november-2018-enar

#statistiques #chiffres #2018

Libia, i minori abusati e torturati nei centri di detenzione per migranti finanziati dall’Ue

I minori bloccati nei centri di detenzione in Libia, finanziati anche dall’Unione europea tramite il Fondo per l’Africa, subiscono abusi e soffrono di malnutrizione, secondo quanto riportato dal Guardian.

I bambini hanno raccontato di essere stati picchiati e maltrattati dalla polizia libica e dalle guardie del campo, descrivendo la loro vita come “un inferno in terra”.

Secondo i dati analizzati dal Guardian, in Libia esistono 26 centri dei detenzione dei migranti, ma il numero dei minori detenuti non è chiaro in quanto non esistono registi affidabili.
Nonostante ciò, si pensa che siano più di mille i bambini presenti nei campi di detenzione in Libia.Secondo l’Unhcr, almeno 5.400 rifugiati sono detenuti in territorio libico.

Le rivelazioni dei bambini, che rischiano di essere puniti dalle guardie per aver parlato con i media, forniscono il resoconto più dettagliato della vita nei campi di detenzione.
Le denunce delle Ong – A inizio di novembre Amnesty International aveva già denunciato le condizioni insostenibili in cui i migranti erano costretti a vivere, raccontando come la tortura e i maltrattamenti fossero all’ordine del giorno.

“C’è un vero e proprio disprezzo da parte dell’Europa e di altri Stati per la sofferenza di coloro che si trovano nei centri di detenzione”, si legge nel rapporto di Amnesty.

Un ragazzo di 16 anni ha raccontato al Guardian cosa vuol dire viver nei centri di detenzione in Libia: “Sono qui da quattro mesi. Ho cercato di scappare tre volte per attraversare il mare diretto in Italia ma ogni volta sono stato catturato e riportato al centro di detenzione”.

“Stiamo morendo, ma nessuno se ne sta assumendo la responsabilità. Dobbiamo essere portati in un posto sicuro, invece siamo rinchiusi qui 24 ore al giorno. Non vediamo l’alba e non vediamo il tramonto “.

I centri sono progettati per mantenere i richiedenti asilo in Libia ed evitare che attraversino il Mediterraneo diretti verso l’Europa.

L’Ue ha investito decine di milioni di euro per cercare di impedire ai richiedenti asilo provenienti da zone di conflitto, come l’Eritrea e il Sudan, di entrare in Europa.

Le testimonianze – Un rifugiato eritreo di 13 anni rinchiuso in un campo di Tripoli ha raccontato che i detenuti ricevono solo una o due piccole porzioni di pasta in bianco al giorno.

Malattie come la tubercolosi sono diffuse e in molti possiedono solo una maglietta e un paio di pantaloncini, inadatte alle temperature nei centri.

“Non abbiamo niente qui, niente cibo, niente vestiti, niente telefoni. Mi mancano così tanto mia madre e mio padre”, ha detto il ragazzo.

Nei giorni precedenti un rifugiato di 24 anni ha cercato di impiccarsi nella toilette di uno dei campi e un altro si è dato fuoco nel campo di Triq al Sikka di Tripoli.

Un ragazzo eritreo di 17 anni che è fuggito da un centro di detenzione e ha raggiunto il Regno Unito aveva 50 cicatrici sul suo corpo, a dimostrazione delle torture subite in Libia.

“Quello che giovani, donne, bambini e neonati stanno soffrendo nei centri di detenzione in Libia è uno dei più grandi fallimenti della nostra civiltà”, ha affermato Giulia Tranchina, del Wilsons solicitors, che rappresenta il diciassettenne eritreo.

“I governi europei, a nostro nome, con il nostro denaro stanno pagando le autorità libiche, le milizie e i generali dell’esercito per continuare a detenere e torturare i profughi per assicurarsi che non arrivino in Europa”.

Una portavoce dell’UNHCR ha dichiarato: “Siamo incredibilmente preoccupati per la situazione dei profughi e dei migranti detenuti in Libia. Le condizioni di detenzione sono terribili”.

▻https://mediterraneomigrante.it/2018/11/26/libia-i-minori-abusati-e-torturati-nei-centri-di-detenzione-per
#enfants #enfance #torture #abus_sexuels #viols

Un #rapport de l’ONU met en lumière les «horreurs inimaginables» des migrants et réfugiés en Libye et au-delà

Les migrants et les réfugiés sont soumis à des « horreurs inimaginables » dès leur arrivée en Libye, tout au long de leur séjour dans le pays et - s’ils parviennent à ce résultat - lors de leurs tentatives de traverser la Méditerranée, selon un rapport publié jeudi, par la mission politique des Nations Unies en Libye (#MANUL) et le Bureau des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies (HCDH).

« Il y a un échec local et international à gérer cette calamité humaine cachée qui continue de se produire en Libye », a déclaré Ghassan Salamé, qui dirige la MINUS.

Assassinats illégaux, détention arbitraire et tortures, viols collectifs, esclavage et traite des êtres humains, le rapport couvre une période de 20 mois jusqu’en août 2018 et détaille une terrible litanie de violations et d’exactions commises par divers agents de l’État, armés contrebandiers et trafiquants contre les migrants et les réfugiés.

Les conclusions reposent sur 1 300 témoignages de première main recueillis par le personnel des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies en Libye, ainsi que sur des migrants qui sont rentrés au Nigéria ou ont réussi à atteindre l’Italie, retraçant tout le parcours des migrants et des réfugiés de la frontière sud de la Libye, à travers le désert jusqu’à la côte nord.

Le climat d’anarchie en Libye fournit un terrain fertile pour les activités illicites, laissant les migrants et les réfugiés « à la merci d’innombrables prédateurs qui les considèrent comme des marchandises à exploiter et à extorquer », indique le rapport, notant que « l’écrasante majorité des femmes et des adolescentes »ont déclaré avoir été« violées par des passeurs ou des trafiquants ».
Trafic d’êtres humains

De nombreuses personnes sont vendues par un groupe criminel à un autre et détenues dans des centres non officiels et illégaux gérés directement par des groupes armés ou des gangs criminels.

« D’innombrables migrants et réfugiés ont perdu la vie en captivité tués par des passeurs, après avoir été abattus, torturés à mort ou tout simplement avoir été laissés mourir de faim ou de négligence médicale », indique le rapport.

« Dans toute la Libye, des corps non identifiés de migrants et de réfugiés portant des blessures par balle, des marques de torture et des brûlures sont fréquemment découverts dans des poubelles, des lits de rivière asséchés, des fermes et le désert. »

Ceux qui réussissent à survivre aux abus et à l’exploitation, et à tenter la traversée périlleuse de la Méditerranée, sont de plus en plus interceptés - ou « sauvés » comme certains le prétendent - par les garde-côtes libyens. Depuis le début de 2017, les quelque 29 000 migrants renvoyés en Libye par les garde-côtes ont été placés dans des centres de détention où des milliers de personnes restent indéfiniment et arbitrairement, sans procédure régulière ni accès à un avocat ou à des services consulaires.

Des membres du personnel de l’ONU se sont rendus dans 11 centres de détention où sont détenus des milliers de migrants et de réfugiés. Ils ont constaté des cas de torture, de mauvais traitements, de travaux forcés et de viols commis par les gardes. Les migrants retenus dans les centres sont systématiquement soumis à la famine et à des passages à tabac sévères, brûlés avec des objets chauds en métal, électrocutés et soumis à d’autres formes de mauvais traitements dans le but d’extorquer de l’argent à leurs familles par le biais d’un système complexe de transferts d’argent.
Surpeuplement des centres de détention

Les centres de détention se caractérisent par un surpeuplement important, un manque de ventilation et d’éclairage, et des installations de lavage et des latrines insuffisantes. Outre les exactions et les actes de violence perpétrés contre les personnes détenues, beaucoup d’entre elles souffrent de malnutrition, d’infections cutanées, de diarrhée aiguë, d’infections du tractus respiratoire et d’autres affections, ainsi que de traitements médicaux inadéquats. Les enfants sont détenus avec des adultes dans les mêmes conditions sordides.

Le rapport signale l’apparente « complicité de certains acteurs étatiques, notamment de responsables locaux, de membres de groupes armés officiellement intégrés aux institutions de l’État et de représentants des ministères de l’Intérieur et de la Défense, dans le trafic illicite ou le trafic de migrants et de réfugiés ».

Nils Melzer, expert indépendant des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies sur la torture, estime que, compte tenu des risques de violations des droits de l’homme dans le pays, les transferts et les retours en Libye peuvent être considérés comme une violation du principe juridique international du « non-refoulement », qui protège les demandeurs d’asile et les migrants contre le retour dans des pays où ils ont des raisons de craindre la violence ou la persécution.

« La situation est abominablement terrible », a déclaré jeudi Michelle Bachelet, Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme. « Combattre l’impunité généralisée non seulement mettrait fin aux souffrances de dizaines de milliers de femmes, d’hommes et d’enfants migrants et réfugiés, à la recherche d’une vie meilleure, mais saperait également l’économie parallèle et illégale fondée sur les atteintes à ces personnes et contribuerait à l’instauration de l’état de droit et des institutions nationales ».

Le rapport appelle les États européens à reconsidérer les coûts humains de leurs politiques et à veiller à ce que leur coopération et leur assistance aux autorités libyennes soient respectueuses des droits de l’homme et conformes au droit international des droits de l’homme et du droit des réfugiés, de manière à ne pas, directement ou indirectement, aboutir à ce que des hommes, des femmes et des enfants soient enfermés dans des situations de violence avec peu d’espoir de protection et de recours.

▻https://news.un.org/fr/story/2018/12/1032271

Libya: Nightmarish Detention for Migrants, Asylum Seekers

EU and Italy Bear Responsibility, Should Condition Cooperation

(Brussels) – European Union policies contribute to a cycle of extreme abuse against migrants in Libya, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The EU and Italy’s support for the Libyan Coast Guard contributes significantly to the interception of migrants and asylum seekers and their subsequent detention in arbitrary, abusive detention in Libya.

The 70-page report, “‘No Escape from Hell’: EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya,” documents severe overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, malnutrition, and lack of adequate health care. Human Rights Watch found violent abuse by guards in four official detention centers in western Libya, including beatings and whippings. Human Rights Watch witnessed large numbers of children, including newborns, detained in grossly unsuitable conditions in three out of the four detention centers. Almost 20 percent of those who reached Europe by sea from Libya in 2018 were children.

“Migrants and asylum seekers detained in Libya, including children, are trapped in a nightmare, and what EU governments are doing perpetuates detention instead of getting people out of these abusive conditions,” said Judith Sunderland, associate Europe director at Human Rights Watch. “Fig-leaf efforts to improve conditions and get some people out of detention do not absolve the EU of responsibility for enabling the barbaric detention system in the first place.”

In a letter to Human Rights Watch as the report went to print, the European Commission indicated that its dialogue with Libyan authorities has focused on respect for the human rights of migrants and refugees, that the EU’s engagement in Libya is of a humanitarian nature, and that concrete improvements have been achieved though challenges remain.

Human Rights Watch visited the #Ain_Zara and #Tajoura detention centers in Tripoli, the al-Karareem detention center in Misrata, and the Zuwara detention center in the city of the same name in July 2018. All are under the nominal control of the Directorate to Counter Illegal Migration (DCIM) of the Government of National Accord (GNA), one of two competing authorities in Libya. Human Rights Watch spoke with over 100 detained migrants and asylum seekers, including 8 unaccompanied children, and each center’s director and senior staff. Researchers also met with the head of DCIM; senior officials of Libya’s Coast Guard, which is aligned with the GNA; and representatives of international organizations and diplomats.

Abdul, an 18-year-old from Darfur, was intercepted by the Libyan Coast Guard in May 2018, when he attempted to reach Europe to apply for asylum. He was subsequently detained in abysmal, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions in the al-Karareem center. He said that guards beat him on the bottom of his feet with a hose to make him confess to helping three men escape. Abdul’s experience encapsulates the struggle, dashed hopes, and suffering of so many migrants and asylum seekers in Libya today, Human Rights Watch said.

Senior officials in EU institutions and member countries are aware of the situation. In November 2017, EU migration commissioner, Dimitri Avramopoulos, said: “We are all conscious of the appalling and degrading conditions in which some migrants are held in Libya.” Yet since 2016, the EU and particular member states have poured millions of euros into programs to beef up the Libyan Coast Guard’s capacity to intercept boats leaving Libya, fully aware that everyone is then automatically detained in indefinite, arbitrary detention without judicial review.

Italy – the EU country where the majority of migrants departing Libya have arrived – has taken the lead in providing material and technical assistance to the Libyan Coast Guard forces and abdicated virtually all responsibility for coordinating rescue operations at sea, to limit the number of people arriving on its shores. The increase in interceptions in international waters by the Libyan Coast Guard, combined with obstruction by Italy and Malta of rescue vessels operated by nongovernmental organizations, has contributed to overcrowding and deteriorating conditions in Libyan detention centers.

Enabling the Libyan Coast Guard to intercept people in international waters and return them to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in Libya can constitute aiding or assisting in the commission of serious human rights violations, Human Rights Watch said. EU and member state support for programs for humanitarian assistance to detained migrants and asylum seekers and for evacuation and repatriation schemes have done little to address the systemic problems with immigration detention in Libya, and serve to cover up the injustice of the EU containment policy.

Libyan authorities should end arbitrary immigration detention and institute alternatives to detention, improve conditions in detention centers, and ensure accountability for state and non-state actors who violate the rights of migrants and asylum seekers. The authorities should also sign a memorandum of understanding with UNHCR, the United Nations refugee agency, to allow it to register anyone in need of international protection, regardless of nationality, in full respect of its mandate.

EU institutions and member states should impose clear benchmarks for improvements in the treatment of migrants and conditions in detention centers in Libya and be prepared to suspend cooperation if benchmarks are not met. The EU should also ensure and enable robust search-and-rescue operations in the central Mediterranean, including by nongovernmental groups, and significantly increase resettlement of asylum seekers and vulnerable migrants out of Libya.

“EU leaders know how bad things are in Libya, but continue to provide political and material support to prop up a rotten system,” Sunderland said. “To avoid complicity in gross human rights abuses, Italy and its EU partners should rethink their strategy to truly press for fundamental reforms and ending automatic detention.”

▻https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/01/21/libya-nightmarish-detention-migrants-asylum-seekers

L’odissea degli ultimi. Libia, nuove cronache dall’orrore

Ancora foto choc dai campi di detenzione di #Bani_Walid, dove i trafficanti torturano e ricattano le vittime Prigionieri di criminali efferati, 150 profughi subiscono violenza da mesi.

Le immagini provengono direttamente dall’inferno di Bani Walid, distretto di #Misurata, circa 150 chilometri a sud-est di Tripoli. Sono state mandate ai familiari dai trafficanti di esseri umani per indurli al pagamento del riscatto per rilasciarli. Da sei mesi ogni giorno i detenuti subiscono minacce, percosse, torture e le donne spesso vengono stuprate dai guardiani. Tutti hanno cicatrici e bruciature per la plastica fusa gettata su arti e schiena. Ma la cifra chiesta dai libici – 4 o 5mila dollari – è troppo alta perché i parenti hanno già dovuto pagare le diverse tappe del viaggio e ora stanno chiedendo aiuto ai conoscenti. Come ha scritto di recente anche il Corriere della Sera, nel caos libico lo scontro tra il governo centrale di Serraj e quello di Haftar, l’uomo forte della Cirenaica, ha lasciato senza paghe i dipendenti pubblici, tra cui i guardiani delle galere.

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Torture and shocking conditions: the human cost of keeping migrants out of Europe

It’s been heralded as the start of a new dialogue. The first summit between the League of Arab States and EU member states ended with a lofty statement of shared values.

European leaders shook hands with their Arab counterparts and discussed issues such as Syria, Yemen and nuclear proliferation. They agreed to tackle the “common challenge” of migration.

Tonight, we’ve new evidence of how Libyan authorities are tackling that challenge.

Footage from inside camps in Libya shows migrants living in shocking conditions. And there are disturbing signs that some migrants are being tortured by people traffickers. This report contains images that some viewers will find distressing.

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Des migrants détenus en Libye, torturés pour s’être rebellés

L’affaire est révélée par la télévision al-Jazeera. Le sort des migrants et des réfugiés bloqués en Libye ne cesse de se dégrader. Le 26 février 2019, plus d’une centaine se sont révoltés dans le centre de Triq al-Sikka à Tripoli, pour dénoncer leurs conditions de détention. La répression a été terrible. Une trentaine de ces détenus auraient été torturés.

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Libia: rifugiati “torturati” per essere evasi dal centro di detenzione

All’inizio di questa settimana circa 150 detenuti sono evasi dalle proprie celle del centro di detenzione #Triq_al_Sikka di Tripoli in segno di protesta contro i maltrattamenti subiti.

▻https://dossierlibia.lasciatecientrare.it/libia-rifugiati-torturati-per-essere-evasi-dal-centro
#Triq_al-Sikka

L’incapacité européenne face à la #maltraitance des réfugiés en Libye

#Matteo_de_Bellis, chercheur d’Amnesty International sur les migrations, revient sur les tortures et les violences contre les réfugiés et les migrants en Libye et l’incapacité honteuse de l’Europe à y mettre fin.

Farah, un jeune homme somalien, sa femme et leur fille qui venait de naître avaient passé 12 heures en mer quand les gardes-côtes libyens ont intercepté leur canot. Le couple avait fui la Libye après plusieurs mois de torture dans un hangar dans lequel Farah était battu et sa femme était violée par des bandes criminelles libyennes essayant d’obtenir une rançon de leurs proches.

Lorsqu’il a réalisé qu’il allait être renvoyé en Libye, le jeune homme de 24 ans a été pris de nausées. « Je savais qu’il valait mieux mourir que retourner en Libye, mais ils nous ont menacés avec des armes. »

Farah, sa femme et son bébé ont passé les sept mois suivants dans deux centres de détention de Tripoli. « Il n’y avait pas de nourriture ou de soins pour mon bébé. Elle est morte à huit mois. Elle s’appelait Sagal. »

Leur histoire n’est que l’une des nombreuses histoires déchirantes de violence et de cruauté inimaginable que j’ai pu entendre le mois dernier à Médenine, une petite ville du sud de la Tunisie, qui a accueilli un nombre limité mais constant de réfugiés et de migrants franchissant la frontière pour échapper à l’enfer de la Libye.

Ce weekend, de nouveaux témoignages faisant état de torture dans le centre de détention de Triq al Sikka ont été recueillis. D’après ces informations, plus de 20 réfugiés et migrants, dont des enfants, ont été conduits dans une cellule en sous-sol et torturés individuellement, à tour de rôle, à titre de punition pour avoir protesté contre leur détention arbitraire dans des conditions déplorables et l’absence de solution. En réponse à cette contestation, plus d’une centaine d’autres personnes détenues ont été transférées vers d’autres centres de détention, notamment celui d’#Ain_Zara, dans lequel Sagal est morte.

Ces témoignages de violences correspondent à ce que j’ai pu entendre en Tunisie. Un autre homme somalien, Abdi, a décrit l’extorsion et les violences qu’il a subies aux mains des gardiens des centres de détention. Comme Farah, Abdi a été arrêté en mer par les gardes-côtes libyens et renvoyé en Libye où il est passé d’un centre de détention à un autre.

Parfois, les gardes boivent et fument, puis frappent des gens. Ils demandent aussi aux gens de leur donner de l’argent en échange de leur libération, et ceux qui ne paient pas sont frappés. On voyait les gardes, tant des membres des milices que de la police, venir et frapper des gens qui n’avaient pas payé.

La plupart des personnes actuellement détenues dans les centres de détention de Libye ont été interceptées en mer par les gardes-côtes libyens, qui ont bénéficié de tout un éventail de mesures de soutien de la part des gouvernements européens en échange de leur coopération en vue d’empêcher les réfugiés et les migrants d’atteindre les côtes européennes.

L’argent des contribuables européens a été utilisé pour fournir des bateaux, créer une zone de recherche et sauvetage libyenne et construire des centres de coordination, entre autres mesures, en vue de renforcer les capacités de la Libye à empêcher ces personnes de fuir le pays et à les maintenir en détention illégale. Et ces aides ont été accordées sans la moindre condition associée, même si une telle coopération entraîne de graves violations des droits humains, comme des actes de torture.

Si les États membres de l’Union européenne veulent cesser d’être complices des violences, des viols et de l’exploitation que subissent des femmes, des hommes et des enfants, ils doivent exiger la fermeture de tous les centres de détention pour migrants en Libye et la libération des quelque 5 000 personnes qui y sont actuellement détenues.

Les gouvernements européens qui, depuis des années, prennent des mesures frénétiques, faisant adopter des politiques destinées à empêcher les arrivées en Europe quel qu’en soit le coût humain, doivent revenir à la raison, surtout maintenant que le nombre de traversées est très faible. Au-delà de mesures en vue de remédier à la crise des droits humains en Libye qui touche tant des Libyens que des ressortissants d’autres pays, la réponse doit prévoir un mécanisme rapide et fiable de débarquement en Europe des personnes en quête d’asile et des migrants secourus en Méditerranée, ainsi qu’un système équitable de partage des responsabilités en matière d’assistance entre les États membres de l’Union européenne.

Ces mesures permettraient de contribuer à éviter les événements désastreux qui se sont enchaînés l’année dernière : des bateaux de sauvetage bloqués en mer pendant des semaines face au refus des pays de l’Union européenne d’ouvrir leurs ports et de les accueillir. Non seulement ces événements aggravent les souffrances des personnes qui viennent de fuir des traitements épouvantables, mais ils découragent également les navires marchands de porter secours à des personnes en détresse et de veiller à ce que ces personnes puissent débarquer dans un lieu sûr, où elles ne pourront pas être renvoyées en Libye.

Emmanuel, un réfugié de 28 ans qui a fui le conflit au Cameroun, a décrit sa dérive en mer à bord d’un canot non loin d’une autre embarcation qui prenait l’eau, et sa stupéfaction lorsqu’un bateau a refusé de leur porter secours.

Depuis le gros bateau, ils ont passé des appels, mais nous ont dit : “Désolé, nous ne pouvons pas vous accueillir, ce n’est pas de ma faute, nous avons ordre de laisser les Libyens venir vous chercher.” Pendant ce temps, je voyais les gens mourir sur l’autre bateau. Des bouts de bateau et des corps flottaient. [Quand] un petit bateau libyen est venu nous chercher... toutes les personnes à bord de l’autre canot étaient mortes. »

Alors que des informations selon lesquelles des réfugiés de pays comme l’Érythrée retournent dans leur pays en dépit des risques bien connus pesant sur leur vie émergent, l’Europe ne peut pas se permettre d’ignorer les conséquences catastrophiques de ses politiques irresponsables destinées à freiner l’immigration en Méditerranée.

Les départs depuis la Libye sont en déclin, c’est donc le moment d’exiger des changements, notamment la fermeture des centres de détention pour migrants en Libye, la mise en place d’un système de débarquement et de relocalisation équitable en Europe et des voies sûres et légales qui n’obligent pas les personnes qui cherchent la sécurité à passer par des traversées en mer.

Cela permettrait à de nombreux enfants et adultes de sortir de ce calvaire et de quitter les centres de détention atroces dans lesquels ils sont actuellement détenus arbitrairement en Libye. Les gouvernements européens, qui ont fermé la route de la Méditerranée centrale et donc abandonné des milliers de personnes prises au piège en Libye, ne doivent pas perdre de temps.

Nous pourrions aider à sauver des dizaines d’autres Sagal, de pères et de mères.

▻https://www.amnesty.fr/refugies-et-migrants/actualites/lincapacite-europeenne-face-a-la-maltraitance-des

Dentro la Libia, l’inchiesta continua

Il reportage di Adib Fateh Ali e Nello Trocchia ha svelato atrocità, violenze e un regime di schiavitù all’interno dei centri di detenzione in Libia. L’inchiesta si arricchisce ora di nuove immagini e nuove testimonianze.

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▻http://www.la7.it/piazzapulita/video/dentro-la-libia-l%E2%80%99inchiesta-continua-14-03-2019-265975
#Zintan

Refugees report brutal and routine sexual violence in Libya

Abuse often filmed and sent to victims’ relatives, Women’s Refugee Commission finds.
Refugees and migrants trying to reach Europe from Africa are being subjected to horrific and routine sexual violence in Libyan detention centres, a survey has found.

People arriving at the centres are “often immediately raped by guards who conduct violent anal cavity searches, which serves the dual purpose of retrieving money, as well as humiliation and subjugation”, the report by the Women’s Refugee Commission says. Many of the victims have been forcibly returned to the country by the Libyan coastguard under policies endorsed by the European Union.

The level of psychological treatment for victims of sexual violence who reach Italy is woefully inadequate, the report adds.

Sarah Chynoweth, the lead researcher on the report, said: “Profoundly cruel and brutal sexual violence and torture are perpetrated in official detention centers and clandestine prisons, during random stops and checkpoints, and in the context of forced labor and enslavement. The fact that refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean are intercepted and forced back into this violence is untenable.”

The report, released at the Swedish mission in Geneva, is based on surveys and focus groups of people who have reached Italy. Much of the sexual violence it describes is too graphic to detail, but the authors make the broad point that “during the course of this research, almost all refugees, migrants, and key informants emphasised that sexual violence against male and female migrants along the entire central Mediterranean route was exceptionally high”.

A UN officer estimated that 90% of male refugees and migrants being hosted in the Italian reception system had experienced sexual violence during their journey. A local government official said that, among refugee and migrant boys, “although there are no real numbers, we know that a huge number of the minors have experienced sexual violence on the journey [to Italy]”.

The extent of sexual violence perpetrated against refugees appears in part to be contingent on their financial resources, their connections, and the year that they travelled – those traveling in recent years are seemingly more likely to have experienced sexual violence.

In many cases, sexual violence and torture are filmed on Skype and used to try to extract ransom money from the victims’ relatives, the report by the Swedish-funded, US-based commission says.

Refugees, migrants and informants told researchers that sexual violence was commonplace throughout the journey to Italy. “All along the journey they experienced sexual violence,” a health provider reported. “The whole journey is traumatic. Libya is just [the] icing on the cake.”

It had been thought that the dominance of young males in the Libyan refugee trail would reduce the risk of sexual violence. It is estimated 72% of sea arrivals in Italy were men and 18% were children, mainly unaccompanied boys.

In response to questions about sexual violence in Libya, refugees and migrants variously told the researchers that it “happened to everyone”, “is normal in Libya”, “happened to all people inside Libya” and “happened to many, many of my friends”.

Only two refugees among those surveyed explicitly reported that they had not been exposed to sexual violence, due to their ability to pay large sums in exchange for relatively safe passage.

A mental health provider in Italy working with refugees and migrants said that most of the men he spoke to had been raped in centres in Libya. A protection officer commented: “It is so widespread. Everyone knows when a man says”: ‘I’ve gone through Libya’ it is a euphemism for rape.”

Among the forms of sexual violence described to researchers was anal and oral rape, forced rape of others including corpses, castration and forced incest.

Much of the sexual violence described by research participants contained elements of profound psychological torture and cruelty.

Violence against detainees is frequently perpetrated in front of others or recorded on mobile phones, compounding the humiliation and reinforcing the experience of subjugation, the researchers found. “Perpetrators send (or threaten to send) the video footage to detainees’ family members for extortion purposes,” the report says.

A commonly reported torture technique involved forcing men to stand in a circle to watch the rape and sometimes murder of women; men who moved or spoke out were beaten or killed.

Health and mental health providers who had treated male survivors frequently reported electroshock burns to the genitals. Other genital violence included beating, burning, tying and “pulling of the penis and scrotum”.

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In February 2017, Italy made a deal, backed by the EU, to spend tens of millions of euros funding the Libyan coastguard, which intercepts boats heading for Italy and returns those onboard to Libya.

From January 2017 to September 2018, the Libyan coastguard intercepted and forcibly returned more than 29,000 people. Many ended up in detention centres or disappeared altogether.

▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/25/refugees-face-routine-sexual-violence-in-libyan-detention-centres-repor
#viols

Et ce chiffre...

A UN officer estimated that 90% of male refugees and migrants being hosted in the Italian reception system had experienced sexual violence during their journey.

v. aussi :

Il 90% dei migranti visitati nelle cliniche del Medu ha parlato di violenza estrema e torture

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