• Un rapport de l’#ONU dévoile des exactions systématiques dans les régions kurdes occupées par les Turcs en #Syrie

    Les enquêteurs de la Commission indépendante internationale sur la Syrie décrivent une occupation militaire marquée dans les zones kurdes par des violations organisées des droits humains.

    Par Allan Kaval Publié aujourd’hui à 14h00, mis à jour à 14h26

    Un jour d’hiver, dans un centre de détention installé dans une ancienne école de la ville occupée d’#Afrin, les miliciens stipendiés par la #Turquie de l’Armée nationale syrienne (ANS) ont hurlé à leurs prisonniers kurdes l’ordre de sortir de leurs cellules. Ils les ont réunis dans le hall du bâtiment pour une occasion spéciale, quelque chose de différent des tortures et humiliations routinières auxquelles ils sont habituellement soumis. Une jeune fille mineure capturée dans cette région kurde syrienne venait d’être arrachée de sa cellule et amenée devant eux. La jeune fille était kurde et, sous les yeux des détenus rassemblés, les geôliers l’ont violée, puis violée encore, les uns après les autres, en les forçant à regarder son supplice.

    Cet épisode, dont Le Monde a pu consulter le compte rendu complet, n’est qu’une exaction parmi tant d’autres à avoir retenu l’attention des enquêteurs de la Commission indépendante internationale des Nations unies sur la Syrie. Leur rapport sur la situation des droits humains dans le pays, paru mardi 15 septembre, porte sur des violations documentées par l’ensemble des acteurs du conflit syrien, du régime de Damas aux djihadistes du groupe Hayat Tahrir Al-Cham en passant par les forces kurdes et leurs alliés. Il décrit toutefois avec une autorité jusqu’alors inédite et en profondeur l’ordre de terreur imposé dans les régions kurdes de Syrie passées sous la coupe de la Turquie et de ses supplétifs islamistes syriens début 2018, depuis l’opération « Rameau d’Olivier ». Une source diplomatique turque a indiqué au Monde qu’Ankara n’avait pas pour l’heure de réaction à apporter, rappelant que la Turquie avait coopéré avec les enquêteurs de la commission.

    Menée contre les Forces démocratiques syriennes (#FDS), à dominante kurde, dans la région d’Afrin, cette opération s’est traduite depuis par une situation d’#occupation, reproduite après une deuxième offensive dans le nord-est du pays. Sans précédent, du fait de sa précision et de ses implications, le texte rédigé sous le mandat du Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations unies souligne la responsabilité d’Ankara dans ces violations graves, et va jusqu’à décrire, en creux, la #Turquie comme la puissance occupante de ces territoires, un statut potentiellement lourd de conséquences.

    Politique d’exactions planifiée
    Ces violations sont commises dans deux territoires distants de près de 300 kilomètres, Afrin et Ras Al-Aïn, qui ont été visés par des offensives turques dans le contexte du conflit qui oppose Ankara au Parti des travailleurs du #Kurdistan (#PKK), dont les FDS ne sont, du point de vue turc, qu’une émanation. Ces deux enclaves passées sous la domination des forces armées turques sont, selon le rapport de la commission d’enquête onusienne, soumises à des exactions similaires, ce qui pointe vers des pratiques systématiques dont les responsables se trouvent à Ankara.

    Pour la première fois, le rapport des #Nations_unies ne se contente pas d’énumérer des actes isolés mais une politique raisonnée dans le cadre de laquelle les exactions visant les populations #kurdes ont été organisées, coordonnées, planifiées. Les enquêteurs notent ainsi des « pillages systématiques » menés par les supplétifs syriens d’Ankara, des confiscations de propriétés, des détentions arbitraires, le déplacement forcé de familles kurdes fuyant « meurtres, menaces, racket, enlèvements, tortures et détentions », sous les yeux – voire avec la coopération – des autorités militaires et civiles turques qui règnent en maître dans cette zone grise, livrée au chaos et au droit du plus fort. Dans son rapport, la commission note ainsi que « les forces turques étaient informées et présentes dans les installations contrôlées par l’ANS où les mauvais traitements des détenus étaient généralisés, y compris lors des sessions d’interrogatoires au cours desquelles des actes de #tortures ont eu lieu ».

    Le #viol comme arme de guerre
    Un trait saillant se dégage par ailleurs des conclusions des enquêteurs onusiens : la guerre systématique que les miliciens syriens soutenus par Ankara mènent aux femmes kurdes dans les régions qu’ils occupent. Le rapport publié mardi a pu ainsi confirmer la pratique endémique du viol et d’autres violences sexuelles comme armes de guerre dans la région d’Afrin par des membres des groupes armés pro-Turcs qui forment l’ANS. Par ailleurs, à Afrin comme à Ras Al-Aïn, « les femmes kurdes (…) ont subi des actes d’intimidation par des membres de brigades de l’ANS, créant un climat généralisé de peur qui les confine dans leur foyer ». Les femmes issues de la communauté yézidie, une minorité religieuse kurdophone et non-musulmane ravagée en Irak par l’organisation Etat islamique, comptent ainsi parmi les plus vulnérables. L’une d’entre elles, enlevée par des miliciens pro-turcs, a ainsi été intimée de se convertir à l’islam lors d’un interrogatoire, d’après les enquêteurs.

    « La région d’Afrin se trouve dans un angle mort depuis que les forces turques en ont pris le contrôle en 2018, relève un expert international proche du dossier. Le climat de peur qui y règne dissuade les habitants de témoigner. Ils savent que si les nouvelles autorités décèlent le moindre signe qu’ils ont communiqué avec l’extérieur sur les conditions de l’occupation, ils risquent la torture ou la mort. » De fait, les moyens de coercition mis en place dans ces territoires dépassent les capacités de simples groupes armés. Ils sont adossés à la toute puissance d’un Etat, la Turquie, membre de l’OTAN.

    L’implication turque « est totale »
    « Les réseaux téléphoniques syriens ont été remplacés par le réseau turc. Les forces de l’ordre turques ont déployé des caméras de surveillance, mènent des arrestations conjointes… Leur implication est totale », juge un spécialiste du dossier. D’après des informations obtenues par Le Monde et non incluses dans le rapport, la gendarmerie turque de même que les forces spéciales de la police turque occupent ainsi de manière permanente deux anciennes écoles à Afrin. Face à cette présence, des groupes clandestins liés aux forces kurdes mènent des opérations de guérillas. Des attentats visant les casernements de groupes armés pro-Ankara ont également été commis, provoquant de nombreuses pertes civiles. Le dernier en date, une attaque au véhicule piégé, a fait trois morts civils dans le centre d’Afrin, lundi.

    Les autorités civiles turques sont aussi impliquées dans cette occupation qui se traduit par l’utilisation de la livre turque dans les échanges commerciaux, la supervision de la gouvernance de ces territoires par des fonctionnaires turcs, dans les secteurs de la santé comme de l’éducation. Ce travail de reconstruction s’accommode volontiers de nombreux crimes de guerres, comme l’appropriation forcée de propriétés civiles, qui induisent un changement démographique de ces régions. Le rapport note à cet égard un cas des plus parlants, qui dénote de la relation organique qu’entretiennent les miliciens de l’ANS, l’administration civile turque et certaines organisations à vocation humanitaire proches du gouvernement d’Ankara.

    Les enquêteurs ont ainsi montré qu’à Ras al-Aïn, « des membres de la brigade Hamza se sont approprié le domicile d’une famille kurde transformé ensuite en institut d’études coraniques contrôlé par la Fondation pour les droits humains, les libertés et l’aide humanitaire (IHH) ». Depuis le début du conflit syrien, l’IHH, organisation à coloration islamiste, est un acteur connu pour évoluer dans une zone grise de la frontière turco-syrienne entre les intérêts sécuritaires de l’Etat turc, le soutien aux groupes armés issus de l’opposition et l’assistance aux populations civiles. Le rapport note que l’inauguration officielle de cet institut a eu lieu en la présence du gouverneur du département turc voisin de Sanliurfa. Cet événement, largement médiatisé localement, a eu lieu le 23 juin.

    Puissance occupante
    La répression qui s’est abattue sur les régions majoritairement kurdes syriennes contrôlées par la Turquie et ses alliés ne connaît pas non plus de frontière. La commission des Nations unies sur la Syrie déclare, dans le rapport publié mardi, que « des ressortissants syriens, y compris des femmes, ont été détenus par l’ANS dans la région de Ras Al-Aïn, transférés par les forces turques à la République de Turquie, accusés de crimes commis dans la même région, notamment de meurtre ou d’appartenance à une organisation terroriste, le tout conformément au droit pénal antiterroriste turc. »

    Le choix de mettre en avant cette réalité n’est pas anodin. L’objectif réel des conclusions juridiques de la partie du rapport consacrée aux régions placées sous influence turque est de pointer vers le fait que la Turquie y exerce un rôle de puissance occupante et de mettre ainsi Ankara en face de ses responsabilités au regard du droit international. Du point de vue juridique, le rapport conclut que la Turquie détient un « contrôle effectif » de ces territoires. Il pointe la responsabilité de la Turquie d’« assurer autant que possible l’ordre public et la protection des femmes et des enfants ».

    Entre les lignes, c’est bien du statut de puissance occupante régi par les conventions de Genève auquel il est fait référence. La commission note par ailleurs que les autorités turques n’étant pas intervenues alors que des exactions documentées étaient commises par leurs alliés locaux, Ankara « pourrait avoir violé [ses] obligations ». Le travail de documentation des enquêteurs de la commission et le début de qualification juridique des faits offrent une perspective aux victimes mais, dans les régions kurdes occupées par Ankara au nord de la Syrie, l’impunité règne toujours, sous le drapeau turc.

    https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/09/15/un-rapport-de-l-onu-devoile-des-exactions-systematiques-dans-les-regions-sou

    • Ça doit être nouveau, ce comportement, de la part des gentils révolutionnaires qu’on nous a tant vantés depuis 2011. Parce qu’avant ils étaient notoirement exemplaires. Se souvient-on des envolées lyriques de notre presse lorsque de la « libération » d’Alep ? Et s’agit-il des mêmes parfaits démocrates dont on pleurait encore récemment le sort à Idlib ?

  • Whistleblower : There Were Mass Hysterectomies at ICE Facility
    https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/like-an-experimental-concentration-camp-whistleblower-complaint-alleges

    The full statement : U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) does not comment on matters presented to the Office of the Inspector General, which provides independent oversight and accountability within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE takes all allegations seriously and defers to the OIG regarding any potential investigation and/or results. That said, in general, anonymous, unproven allegations, made without any fact-checkable specifics, should be treated with the (...)

    #ICE #DHS #violence #femmes #santé

    ##santé

  • Staggering Number of Hysterectomies Happening at ICE Facility, Whistleblower Says
    https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/93578d/staggering-number-of-hysterectomies-happening-at-ice-facility-whistleblower-sa

    A whistleblower complaint filed Monday by several legal advocacy groups accuses a detention center of performing a staggering number of hysterectomies on immigrant women, as well as failing to follow procedures meant to keep both detainees and employees safe from the coronavirus.

    The complaint, filed on behalf of several detained immigrants and a nurse named Dawn Wooten, details several accounts of recent “jarring medical neglect” at the Irwin County Detention Center in Ocilla, Georgia, which is run by the private prison company LaSalle South Corrections and houses people incarcerated by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). In interviews with Project South, a Georgia nonprofit, multiple women said that hysterectomies were stunningly frequent among immigrants detained at the facility.

    “When I met all these women who had had surgeries, I thought this was like an experimental concentration camp,” said one woman, who said she’d met five women who’d had hysterectomies after being detained between October and December 2019. The woman said that immigrants at Irwin are often sent to see one particular gynecologist outside of the facility. “It was like they’re experimenting with their bodies.”

  • Assange : le réel à l’agonie, la #Démocratie avec lui
    https://www.lemediatv.fr/articles/2020/assange-le-reel-a-lagonie-la-democratie-avec-lui-oxJBbJewRViKz8gaSLKG1g

    TRIBUNE. Il n’est pas étonnant qu’Assange soit traité comme les pires criminels. Parce qu’il a rendu publics des crimes qui impliquent les États-Unis et l’Occident, dont le pouvoir de dire le vrai s’accompagne du pouvoir de l’imposer au monde

    #Lanceurs_d'alerte #Liberté_de_la_presse

  • En défense de notre Droit à être informé.
    Et comment Trump a le pouvoir, sur le sol européen, d’enfermer et de torturer un journaliste.

    Une première journée d’audience délicate pour Julian Assange
    https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/070920/une-premiere-journee-d-audience-delicate-pour-julian-assange?userid=f71bb5

    Et la position d’Edwy Plenel ici : « Pour Julian Assange, en défense du journalisme »
    https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240220/pour-julian-assange-en-defense-du-journalisme?userid=c1318958-c408-47e7-8c

    #Julian-Assange #Assange #Répression #Journalisme #Information #Torture #Civilisation #Occident

  • Douch, symbole total
    https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/tribunaux/tribunaux-mixtes/45263-douch-symbole-total.html

    Kaing Guek Eav, mieux connu sous son surnom révolutionnaire Douch, est mort à Phnom Penh, le 2 septembre. L’ancien directeur de la sinistre prison S-21 sous le régime de Pol Pot était devenu le symbole malgré lui du crime de masse commis par les Khmers rouges. Sa mort intervient alors que le maigre effort de justice accompli sur la tragédie cambodgienne est lui-même à bout de souffle.

    23 ans de prison, plus de 25 ans d’une vie de révolutionnaire, dont 8 années à superviser la torture et l’exécution de milliers d’ennemis présumés et le plus souvent imaginaires, ont finalement eu raison de la robustesse de Kaing Guek Eav, alias Douch. L’ancien tortionnaire khmer rouge, condamné à la prison à vie en 2012, est mort dans un hôpital de la capitale cambodgienne, peu après minuit, le 2 septembre, à l’âge de 77 (...)

    #Tribunaux_mixtes

  • Douch, le dernier silence du bourreau
    https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/les-debats-justiceinfo/opinions/45278-douch-le-dernier-silence-du-bourreau.html

    Au lendemain de la mort de Douch, ancien tortionnaire khmer rouge condamné pour crimes contre l’humanité, l’écrivain Antoine Audouard se penche sur le crime et le châtiment, les questions souvent insolubles que pose le parcours d’un révolutionnaire meurtrier mais « conscient et enthousiaste », et le sens ou l’impasse de son procès.

    A ceux que rassure la pensée d’un bourreau barbare ou pathologiquement amoureux de la souffrance, il faut rappeler quelques données biographiques concernant Kaing Kek leu, alias Douch, l’ancien tortionnaire en chef de la prison khmer rouge S-21, qui vient de mourir à Phnom Penh, à l’âge de soixante-dix sept ans. Sans avoir fréquenté les universités parisiennes comme plusieurs futurs leaders de la « révolution de l’Angkar », ce fils de paysan avait comme Pol Pot, à force de (...)

    #Opinions

  • En applaudissant pendant des années les violences contre Assange, les journalistes ont ouvert la voie vers le goulag américain
    — Jonathan COOK– source : » » https://www.jonathan-cook.net/blog/2020-09-02/media-assange-persecution traduction VD
    https://www.legrandsoir.info/en-applaudissant-pendant-des-annees-les-violences-contre-assange-les-j

    Les audiences du tribunal britannique sur le dossier d’extradition de l’administration américaine contre Julian Assange commencent sérieusement la semaine prochaine. La saga de dix ans qui nous a menés jusqu’ici devrait consterner tous ceux qui se soucient de nos libertés de plus en plus fragiles.

    Un journaliste et éditeur est privé de sa liberté depuis dix ans. Selon les experts de l’ONU, il a été arbitrairement détenu et torturé pendant une grande partie de cette période en raison d’un intense confinement physique et d’une pression psychologique sans fin. Il a été mis sur écoute et espionné par la CIA pendant son séjour à l’asile politique, à l’ambassade de l’Équateur à Londres, d’une manière qui a violé ses droits les plus fondamentaux. Le juge qui supervise ses audiences est confronté à un grave conflit d’intérêts - sa famille étant intégrée dans les services de sécurité britanniques - qu’elle n’a pas déclaré et qui aurait dû l’obliger à se récuser de l’affaire.

    Today one year ago we visited #Assange in prison.

    He showed clear signs of prolonged psychological #Torture.

    First I was shocked that mature democracies could produce such an accident.

    Then I found out it was no accident.

    Now, I am scared to find out about our democracies... pic.twitter.com/enElUmA1fK

    — Nils Melzer (@NilsMelzer) May 9, 2020

    Tout indique qu’Assange sera extradé vers les États-Unis pour y subir un procès devant un grand jury truqué, destiné à s’assurer qu’il passe ses jours dans une prison de sécurité maximale, où il purgera une peine pouvant aller jusqu’à 175 ans.

    Rien de tout cela n’est arrivé dans une dictature du tiers-monde. Tout cela s’est passé sous notre nez, dans une grande capitale occidentale et dans un État qui prétend protéger les droits d’une presse libre. Cela s’est passé non pas en un clin d’œil, mais au ralenti - jour après jour, semaine après semaine, mois après mois, année après année. (...)

  • What happens to migrants forcibly returned to Libya?

    ‘These are people going missing by the hundreds.’

    The killing last week of three young men after they were intercepted at sea by the EU-funded Libyan Coast Guard has thrown the spotlight on the fate of tens of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers returned to Libya to face detention, abuse and torture by traffickers, or worse.

    The three Sudanese nationals aged between 15 and 18 were shot dead on 28 July, reportedly by members of a militia linked to the Coast Guard as they tried to avoid being detained. They are among more than 6,200 men, women, and children intercepted on the central Mediterranean and returned to Libya this year. Since 2017, that figure is around 40,000.

    Over the last three months, The New Humanitarian has spoken to migrants and Libyan officials, as well as to UN agencies and other aid groups and actors involved, to piece together what is happening to the returnees after they are brought back to shore.

    It has long been difficult to track the whereabouts of migrants and asylum seekers after they are returned to Libya, and for years there have been reports of people going missing or disappearing into unofficial detention centres after disembarking.

    But the UN’s migration agency, IOM, told TNH there has been an uptick in people vanishing off its radar since around December, and it suspects that at least some returnees are being taken to so-called “data-collection and investigation facilities” under the direct control of the Ministry of Interior for the Government of National Accord.

    The GNA, the internationally recognised authority in Libya, is based in the capital, Tripoli, and has been fighting eastern forces commanded by general Khalifa Haftar for 16 months in a series of battles that has developed into a regional proxy war.

    Unlike official detention centres run by the GNA’s Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration (DCIM) – also under the Ministry of the Interior – and its affiliated militias, neither IOM nor the UN’s refugee agency, UNHCR, has access to these data-collection facilities, which are intended for the investigation of smugglers and not for detaining migrants.

    “We have been told that migrants are no longer in these [data-collection] facilities and we wonder if they have been transferred,” Safa Msehli, spokesperson for IOM in Libya, told TNH.

    “These are people going missing by the hundreds. We have also been told – and are hearing reports from community leaders – that people are going missing,” she said. “We feel the worst has happened, and that these locations [data-collection facilities] are being used to smuggle or traffic people.”

    According to IOM, more than half of the over 6,200 people returned to Libya this year – which includes at least 264 women and 202 children – remain unaccounted for after being loaded onto buses and driven away from the disembarkation points on the coast.

    Msehli said some people had been released after they are returned, but that their number was “200 maximum”, and that if others had simply escaped she would have expected them to show up at community centres run by IOM and its local partners – which most haven’t.

    Masoud Abdal Samad, a commander in the Libyan Coast Guard, denied all accusations of trafficking to TNH, even though the UN has sanctioned individuals in the Coast Guard for their involvement in people smuggling and trafficking. He also said he didn’t know where asylum seekers and migrants end up after they are returned to shore. “It’s not my responsibility. It’s DCIM that determines where the migrants go,” he said.

    Neither the head of the DCIM, Al Mabrouk Abdel-Hafez, nor the media officer for the interior ministry, Mohammad Abu Abdallah, responded to requests for comment from TNH. But the Libyan government recently told the Wall Street Journal that all asylum seekers and migrants returned by the Coast Guard are taken to official detention centres.
    ‘I can’t tell you where we take them’

    TNH spoke to four migrants – three of whom were returned by the Libyan Coast Guard and placed in detention, one of them twice. All described a system whereby returned migrants and asylum seekers are being routinely extorted and passed between different militias.

    Contacted via WhatsApp, Yasser, who only gave his first name for fear of retribution for exposing the abuse he suffered, recounted his ordeal in a series of conversations between May and June.

    The final stage of his journey to start a new life in Europe began on a warm September morning in 2019 when he squeezed onto a rubber dinghy along with 120 other people in al-Garabulli, a coastal town near Tripoli. The year before, the 33-year-old Sudanese asylum seeker had escaped from conflict in his village in the Nuba Mountains to search for safety and opportunity.

    By nightfall, those on board the small boat spotted a reconnaissance aircraft, likely dispatched as part of an EU or Italian aerial surveillance mission. It appears the aircraft alerted the Libyan Coast Guard, which soon arrived to drag them onto their boat and back to war-torn Libya.

    Later that day, as the boat approached the port, Yasser overheard a uniformed member of the Coast Guard speaking on the phone. The man said he had around 100 migrants and was willing to sell each one for 500 Libyan dinars ($83).

    “Militias buy and sell us to make a profit in this country,” Yasser told TNH months later, after he escaped. “In their eyes, refugees are just an investment.”

    When Yasser stepped off the Coast Guard boat in Tripoli’s port, he saw dozens of people he presumed were aid workers tending to the injured. He tried to tell them that he and the others were going to be sold to a militia, but the scene was frantic and he said they didn’t listen.

    “Militias buy and sell us to make a profit in this country. In their eyes, refugees are just an investment.”

    Yasser couldn’t recall which organisation the aid workers were from. Whoever was there, they watched Libyan authorities herd Yasser and the other migrants onto a handful of buses and drive them away.

    IOM, or UNHCR, or one of their local partners are usually present at disembarkation points when migrants are returned to shore. The two UN agencies, which receive significant EU funding for their operations in Libya and have been criticised for participating in the system of interception and detention, say they tend to the injured and register asylum seekers. They also said they count the number of people returned from sea and jot down their nationalities and gender.

    But both agencies told TNH they are unable to track where people go next because Libyan authorities do not keep an official database of asylum seekers and migrants intercepted at sea or held in detention centres.

    News footage – and testimonies from migrants and aid workers – shows white buses with DCIM logos frequently pick up those disembarking. TNH also identified a private bus company that DCIM contracts for transportation. The company, called Essahim, imported 130 vehicles from China before beginning operations in September 2019.

    On its Facebook page, Essahim only advertises its shuttle bus services to Misrata airport, in northwest Libya. But a high-level employee, who asked TNH not to disclose his name for fear of reprisal from Libyan authorities, confirmed that the company picks up asylum seekers and migrants from disembarkation points on the shore.

    He said all of Essahim’s buses are equipped with a GPS tracking system to ensure drivers don’t deviate from their route. He also emphasised that the company takes people to “legitimate centres”, but he refused to disclose the locations.

    “You have to ask the government,” he told TNH. “I can’t tell you where we take them. It’s one of the conditions in the contract.”

    Off the radar

    Since Libya’s 2011 revolution, state security forces – such as the Coast Guard and interior ministry units – have mostly consisted of a collection of militias vying for legitimacy and access to sources of revenue.

    Migrant detention centres have been particularly lucrative to control, and even the official ones can be run by whichever local militia or armed group holds sway at a particular time. Those detained are not granted rights or legal processes, and there have been numerous reports of horrific abuse, and deaths from treatable diseases like tuberculosis.

    Facts regarding the number of different detention centres and who controls them are sketchy, especially as they often close and re-open or come under new management, and as territory can change hands between the GNA and forces aligned with Haftar. Both sides have a variety of militias fighting alongside them, and there are splits within the alliances.

    But IOM’s Msehli told TNH that as of 1 August that there are 11 official detention centres run by DCIM, and that she was aware of returned migrants also being taken to what she believes are four different data-collection and investigation facilities – three in Tripoli and one in Zuwara, a coastal city about 100 kilometres west of the capital. The government has not disclosed how many data-collection centres there are or where they are located.

    Beyond the official facilities, there are also numerous makeshift compounds used by smugglers and militias – especially in the south and in the former Muammar Gaddafi stronghold of Bani Walid – for which there is no data, according to a report by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime (GI).

    Yasser told TNH he had no idea if he was in an official DCIM-run detention centre or an unofficial site after he was pulled off the bus that took him to a makeshift prison from the port of Tripoli. Unless UN agencies show up, it is hard for detainees to tell the difference. Conditions are dismal and abuses occur in both locations: In unofficial facilities the extortion of detainees is systematic, while in official centres it tends to be carried out by individual staff members, according to the GI report.

    Between Yasser’s description and information from an aid group that gained access to the facility – but declined to be identified for fear of jeopardising its work – TNH believes Yasser was taken to an informal centre in Tripoli called Shaaria Zawiya, outside the reach of UN agencies. Msehli said IOM believes it is a data-collection and investigation facility.

    During the time Yasser was there, the facility was under the control of a militia commander with a brutal reputation, according to a high-level source from the aid group. The commander was eventually replaced in late 2019, but not before trying to extort hundreds of people, including Yasser.

    Several nights after he arrived at the centre, everyone being held there was ordered to pay a 3,000 Libyan dinar ransom – about $500 on the Libyan black market. The militia separated detainees by nationality and tossed each group a cell phone. They gave one to the Eritreans, one to the Somalis, and one to the Sudanese. The detainees were told to call their families and beg, Yasser recalled.

    Those who couldn’t pay languished in the centre until they were sold for a lower sum to another militia, which would try to extort them for a smaller ransom to earn a profit. This is a widely reported trend all across Libya: Militias sell migrants they can’t extort to make space for new hostages.

    Yasser’s friends and family were too poor to pay for his release, yet he clung to hope that he would somehow escape. He watched as the militia commander beat and intimidated other asylum seekers and migrants in the centre, but he was too scared to intervene. As the weeks passed, he started to believe nobody would find him.

    Then, one day, he saw a couple of aid workers. They came to document the situation and treat the wounded. “The migrants who spoke English whispered for help, but [the aid workers] just kept silent and nodded,” Yasser said.

    The aid workers were from the same NGO that identified the data-collection facility to TNH. The aid group said it suspects that Libyan authorities are taking migrants to two other locations in Tripoli after disembarkation: a data-collection and investigation facility in a neighbourhood called Hay al-Andulus, and an abandoned tobacco factory in another Tripoli suburb. “I know the factory exists, but I have no idea how many people are inside,” the source said, adding that the aid group had been unable to negotiate access to either location.

    “We were treated like animals.”

    Msehli confirmed that IOM believes migrants have been taken to both compounds, neither of which are under DCIM control. She added that more migrants are ending up in another unofficial location in Tripoli.

    After languishing for two months, until November, in Shaaria Zawiya, Yasser said he was sold to a militia manning what he thinks was an official detention centre. He assumed the location was official because uniformed UNHCR employees frequently showed up with aid. When UNHCR wasn’t there, the militia still demanded ransoms from the people inside.

    “We were treated like animals,” Yasser said. “But at least when UNHCR visited, the militia fed us more food than usual.”

    Tariq Argaz, the spokesperson for UNHCR in Libya, defended the agency’s aid provision to official facilities like this one, saying: “We are against the detention of refugees, but we have a humanitarian imperative to assist refugees wherever they are, even if it is a detention centre.”

    Growing pressure on EU to change tack

    The surge in disappearances raises further concerns about criminality and human rights abuses occurring within a system of interception and detention by Libyan authorities that the EU and EU member states have funded and supported since 2017.

    The aim of the support is to crack down on smuggling networks, reduce the number of asylum seekers and migrants arriving in Europe, and improve detention conditions in Libya, but critics say it has resulted in tens of thousands of people being returned to indefinite detention and abuse in Libya. There is even less oversight now that asylum seekers and migrants are ending up in data-collection and investigation facilities, beyond the reach of UN agencies.

    The escalating conflict in Libya and the coronavirus crisis have made the humanitarian situation for asylum seekers and migrants in the country “worse than ever”, according to IOM. At the same time, Italy and Malta have further turned their backs on rescuing people at sea. Italy has impounded NGO search and rescue ships, while both countries have repeatedly failed to respond, or responded slowly, to distress calls, and Malta even hired a private fishing vessel to return people rescued at sea to Libya.

    “We believe that people shouldn’t be returned to Libya,” Msehli told TNH. “This is due to the lack of any protection mechanism that the Libyan state takes or is able to take.”

    There are currently estimated to be at least 625,000 migrants in Libya and 47,859 registered asylum seekers and refugees. Of this number, around 1,760 migrants – including 760 registered asylum seekers and refugees – are in the DCIM-run detention centres, according to data from IOM and UNHCR, although IOM’s data only covers eight out of the 11 DCIM facilities.

    The number of detainees in unofficial centres and makeshift compounds is unknown but, based on those unaccounted for and the reported experiences of migrants, could be many times higher. A recent estimate from Liam Kelly, director of the Danish Refugee Council in Libya, suggests as many as 80,000 people have been in them at some point in recent years.

    There remains no clear explanation why some people intercepted attempting the sea journey appear to be being taken to data-collection and investigation facilities, while others end up in official centres. But researchers believe migrants are typically taken to facilities that have space to house new detainees, or other militias may strike a deal to purchase a new group to extort them.

    In a leaked report from last year, the EU acknowledged that the GNA “has not taken steps to improve the situation in the centres”, and that “the government’s reluctance to address the problems raises questions of its own involvement”.

    The UN, human rights groups, researchers, journalists and TNH have noted that there is little distinction between criminal groups, militias, and other entities involved in EU-supported migration control activities under the GNA.

    A report released last week by UNHCR and the Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) at the Danish Refugee Council said that migrants being smuggled and trafficked to the Mediterranean coast had identified the primary perpetrators of abuses as state officials and law enforcement.

    Pressure on the EU over its proximity to abuses resulting from the interception and detention of asylum seekers and migrants in Libya is mounting. International human rights lawyers have filed lawsuits to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the UN human rights committee, and the European Court of Human Rights to attempt to hold the EU accountable.

    Peter Stano, the EU Commission’s official spokesperson for External Affairs, told TNH that the EU doesn’t consider Libya a safe country, but that its priority has always been to stop irregular migration to keep migrants from risking their lives, while protecting the most vulnerable.

    “We have repeated again and again, together with our international partners in the UN and African Union, that arbitrary detention of migrants and refugees in Libya must end, including to Libyan authorities,” he said. “The situation in these centres is unacceptable, and arbitrary detention of migrants and refugees upon disembarkation must stop.”

    For Yasser, it took a war for him to have the opportunity to escape from detention. In January this year, the facility he was in came under heavy fire during a battle in the war for Tripoli. Dozens of migrants, including Yasser, made a run for it.

    He is now living in a crowded house with other Sudanese asylum seekers in the coastal town of Zawiya, and says that returning to the poverty and instability in Sudan is out of the question. With his sights set on Europe, he still intends to cross the Mediterranean, but he’s afraid of being intercepted by the Libyan Coast Guard, trafficked, and extorted all over again.

    “It’s a business,” said Yasser. “Militias pay for your head and then they force you to pay for your freedom.”

    https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2020/08/05/missing-migrants-Libya-forced-returns-Mediterranean

    #chronologie #timeline #time-line #migrations #asile #réfugiés #chiffres #statistiques #pull-back #pull-backs #push-backs #refoulements #disparitions #torture #décès #morts #gardes-côtes_libyens #détention #centres_de_détention #milices

    ping @isskein

    • The legal battle to hold the EU to account for Libya migrant abuses

      ‘It’s a well known fact that we’re all struggling here, as human rights practitioners.’

      More than 6,500 asylum seekers and migrants have been intercepted at sea and returned to Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard so far this year. Since the EU and Italy began training, funding, equipping, and providing operational assistance to the Libyan Coast Guard in 2017, that number stands at around 40,000 people.

      Critics say European support for these interceptions and returns is one of the most glaring examples of the trade-off being made between upholding human rights – a fundamental EU value – and the EU’s determination to reduce migration to the continent.

      Those intercepted at sea and returned to Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard – predominantly asylum seekers and migrants from East and West Africa – face indefinite detention, extortion, torture, sexual exploitation, and forced labour.

      This year alone, thousands have disappeared beyond the reach of UN agencies after being disembarked. Migration detention in Libya functions as a business that generates revenue for armed groups, some of whom have also pressed asylum seekers and migrants into military activities – a practice that is likely a war crime, according to Human Rights Watch.

      All of this has been well documented and widely known for years, even as the EU and Italy have stepped up their support for the Libyan Coast Guard. Yet despite their key role in empowering the Coast Guard to return people to Libya, international human rights lawyers have struggled to hold the EU and Italy to account. Boxed in by the limitations of international law, lawyers have had to find increasingly innovative legal strategies to try to establish European complicity in the abuses taking place.

      As the EU looks to expand its cooperation with third countries, the outcome of these legal efforts could have broader implications on whether the EU and its member states can be held accountable for the human rights impacts of their external migration policies.

      “Under international law there are rules… prohibiting states to assist other states in the commission of human rights violations,” Matteo de Bellis, Amnesty International’s migration researcher, told The New Humanitarian. “However, those international rules do not have a specific court where you can litigate them, where individuals can have access to remedy.”

      In fact, human rights advocates and lawyers argue that EU and Italian support for the Libyan Coast Guard is designed specifically to avoid legal responsibility.

      “For a European court to have jurisdiction over a particular policy, a European actor must be in control... of a person directly,” said Itamar Mann, an international human rights lawyer. “When a non-European agent takes that control, it’s far from clear that [a] European court has jurisdiction. So there is a kind of accountability gap under international human rights law.”
      ‘The EU is not blameless’

      When Italy signed a Memorandum of Understanding in February 2017 with Libya’s internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) “to ensure the reduction of illegal migratory flows”, the agreement carried echoes of an earlier era.

      In 2008, former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi signed a friendship treaty with Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi that, among other things, committed the two countries to working together to curb irregular migration.

      The following year, Italian patrol boats began intercepting asylum seekers and migrants at sea and returning them to Libya. In 2012, the European Court of Human Rights, an international court based in Strasbourg, France – which all EU member states are party to – ruled that the practice violated multiple articles of the European Convention on Human Rights.

      The decision, in what is known as the Hirsi case, was based on the idea that Italy had established “extraterritorial jurisdiction” over asylum seekers and migrants when it took them under their control at sea and had violated the principle of non-refoulement – a core element of international refugee law – by forcing them back to a country where they faced human rights abuses.

      Many states that have signed the 1951 refugee convention have integrated the principle of non-refoulement into their domestic law, binding them to protect asylum seekers once they enter a nation’s territory. But there are divergent interpretations of how it applies to state actors in international waters.

      By the time of the Hirsi decision, the practice had already ended and Gaddafi had been toppled from power. The chaos that followed the Libyan uprising in 2011 paved the way for a new era of irregular migration. The number of people crossing the central Meditteranean jumped from an average of tens of thousands per year throughout the late 1990s and 2000s to more than 150,000 per year in 2014, 2015, and 2016.

      Reducing these numbers became a main priority for Italy and the EU, and they kept the lessons of the Hirsi case in mind as they set about designing their policies, according to de Bellis.

      Instead of using European vessels, the EU and Italy focused on “enabling the Libyan authorities to do the dirty job of intercepting people at sea and returning them to Libya”, he said. “By doing so, they would argue that they have not breached international European law because they have never assumed control, and therefore exercised jurisdiction, over the people who have then been subjected to human rights violations [in Libya].”

      The number of people crossing the central Mediterranean has dropped precipitously in recent years as EU policies have hardened, and tens of thousands of people – including those returned by the Coast Guard – are estimated to have passed through formal and informal migration detention centres in Libya, some of them getting stuck for years and many falling victim to extortion and abuse.

      “There is always going to be a debate about, is the EU responsible… [because] it’s really Libya who has done the abuses,” said Carla Ferstman, a human rights law professor at the University of Essex in England. “[But] the EU is not blameless because it can’t pretend that it didn’t know the consequences of what it was going to do.”

      The challenge for human rights lawyers is how to legally establish that blame.
      The accountability gap

      Since 2017, the EU has given more than 91 million euros (about $107 million) to support border management projects in Libya. Much of that money has gone to Italy, which implements the projects and has provided its own funding and at least six patrol boats to the Libyan Coast Guard.

      One objective of the EU’s funding is to improve the human rights and humanitarian situation in official detention centres. But according to a leaked EU document from 2019, this is something the Libyan government had not been taking steps to do, “raising the question of its own involvement”, according to the document.

      The main goal of the funding is to strengthen the capacity of Libyan authorities to control the country’s borders and intercept asylum seekers and migrants at sea. This aspect of the policy has been effective, according to a September 2019 report by the UN secretary-general.

      “All our action is based on international and European law,” an EU spokesperson told the Guardian newspaper in June. “The European Union dialogue with Libyan authorities focuses on the respect for human rights of migrants and refugees.”

      The EU has legal obligations to ensure that its actions do not violate human rights in both its internal and external policy, according to Ferstman. But when it comes to actions taken outside of Europe, “routes for those affected to complain when their rights are being violated are very, very weak,” she said.

      The EU and its member states are also increasingly relying on informal agreements, such as the Memorandum of Understanding with Libya, in their external migration cooperation.

      “Once the EU makes formal agreements with third states… [it] is more tightly bound to a lot of human rights and refugee commitments,” Raphael Bossong, a researcher at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) in Berlin, told TNH. “Hence, we see a shift toward less binding or purely informal arrangements.”

      Lawyers and researchers told TNH that the absence of formal agreements, and the combination of EU funding and member state implementation, undermines the standing of the EU Parliament and the Court of Justice, the bloc’s supreme court, to act as watchdogs.

      Efforts to challenge Italy’s role in cooperating with Libya in Italian courts have also so far been unsuccessful.

      “It’s a well known fact that we’re all struggling here, as human rights practitioners… to grapple with the very limited, minimalistic tools we have to address the problem at hand,” said Valentina Azarova, a lawyer and researcher affiliated with the Global Legal Action Network (GLAN), a nonprofit organisation that pursues international human rights litigation.

      Uncharted territory

      With no clear path forward, human rights lawyers have ventured into uncharted territory to try to subject EU and Italian cooperation with Libya to legal scrutiny.

      Lawyers called last year for the International Criminal Court to investigate the EU for its alleged complicity in thousands of deaths in the Mediterranean, and legal organisations have filed two separate complaints with the UN Human Rights Committee, which has a quasi-judicial function.

      In November last year, GLAN also submitted a case, called S.S. and others v. Italy, to the European Court of Human Rights that aims to build on the Hirsi decision. The case argues that – through its financial, material, and operational support – Italy assumes “contactless control” over people intercepted by Libyan Coast Guard and therefore establishes jurisdiction over them.

      “Jurisdiction is not only a matter of direct, effective control over bodies,” Mann, who is part of GLAN, said of the case’s argument. “It’s also a matter of substantive control that can be wielded in many different ways.”

      GLAN, along with two Italian legal organisations, also filed a complaint in April to the European Court of Auditors, which is tasked with checking to see if the EU’s budget is implemented correctly and that funds are spent legally.

      The GLAN complaint alleges that funding border management activities in Libya makes the EU and its member states complicit in the human rights abuses taking place there, and is also a misuse of money intended for development purposes – both of which fall afoul of EU budgetary guidelines.

      The complaint asks for the EU funding to be made conditional on the improvement of the situation for asylum seekers and migrants in the country, and for it to be suspended until certain criteria are met, including the release of all refugees and migrants from arbitrary detention, the creation of an asylum system that complies with international standards, and the establishment of an independent, transparent mechanism to monitor and hold state and non-state actors accountable for human rights violations against refugees and migrants.

      The Court of Auditors is not an actual courtroom or a traditional venue for addressing human rights abuses. It is composed of financial experts who conduct an annual audit of the EU budget. The complaint is meant to encourage them to take a specific look at EU funding to Libya, but they aren’t obligated to do so.

      “To use the EU Court of Auditors to get some kind of human rights accountability is an odd thing to do,” said Ferstman, who is not involved in the complaint. “It speaks to the [accountability] gap and the absence of clear approaches.”

      “[Still], it is the institution where this matter needs to be adjudicated, so to speak,” Azarova, who came up with the strategy, added. “They are the experts on questions of EU budget law.”

      Closing the gap?

      If successful, the Court of Auditors complaint could change how EU funding for Libya operates and set a precedent requiring a substantive accounting of how money is being spent and whether it ends up contributing to human rights violations in other EU third-country arrangements, according to Mann. “It will be a blow to the general externalisation pattern,” he said.

      Ferstman cautioned, however, that its impact – at least legally – might not be so concrete. “[The Court of Auditors] can recommend everything that GLAN has put forward, but it will be a recommendation,” she said. “It will not be an order.”

      Instead, the complaint’s more significant impact might be political. “It could put a lot of important arsenal in the hands of the MEPs [Members of the European Parliament] who want to push forward changes,” Ferstman said.

      A European Court of Human Rights decision in favour of the plaintiffs in S.S. and others v Italy could be more decisive. “It would go a long way towards addressing that [accountability] gap, because individuals will be able to challenge European states that encourage and assist other countries to commit human rights violations,” de Bellis said.

      If any or all of the various legal challenges that are currently underway are successful, Bossong, from SWP, doesn’t expect them to put an end to external migration cooperation entirely. “Many [external] cooperations would continue,” he said. “[But] policy-makers and administrators would have to think harder: Where is the line? Where do we cross the line?”

      The Court of Auditors will likely decide whether to review EU funding for border management activities in Libya next year, but the European Court of Human Rights moves slowly, with proceedings generally taking around five years, according to Mann.

      Human rights advocates and lawyers worry that by the time the current legal challenges are concluded, the situation in the Mediterranean will again have evolved. Already, since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, states such as Malta and Greece have shifted from empowering third countries to intercept people at sea to carrying out pushbacks directly.

      “What is happening now, particularly in the Aegean, is much more alarming than the facts that generated the Hirsi case in terms of the violence of the actual pushbacks,” Mann said.

      Human rights lawyers are already planning to begin issuing challenges to the new practices. As they do, they are acutely aware of the limitations of the tools available to them. Or, as Azarova put it: “We’re dealing with symptoms. We’re not addressing the pathology.”

      https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2020/08/10/Libya-migrant-abuses-EU-legal-battle

      #justice

  • #Santé_mentale des #migrants : des #blessures invisibles

    Une prévalence élevée du trouble de stress post-traumatique et de la #dépression

    Les #migrations, les migrants et leur #santé ne peuvent être compris indépendamment du contexte historique et politique dans lequel les mouvements de population se déroulent, et, ces dernières décennies, les migrations vers l’#Europe ont changé. L’#immigration de travail s’est restreinte, et la majorité des étrangers qui arrivent en #France doivent surmonter des obstacles de plus en plus difficiles, semés de #violence et de #mort, au fur et à mesure que les #frontières de l’Europe se ferment. Ils arrivent dans des pays où l’#hostilité envers les migrants croît et doivent s’engager dans un processus hasardeux de #demande_d’asile. Ce contexte a de lourds effets sur la santé mentale des migrants. Ces migrants peuvent être des adultes ou des enfants, accompagnés ou non d’un parent – on parle dans ce dernier cas de mineur non accompagné*. S’il n’existe pas de pathologie psychiatrique spécifique de la migration1 et que tous les troubles mentaux peuvent être rencontrés, il n’en reste pas moins que certaines pathologies sont d’une grande fréquence comme le trouble de stress post-traumatique et la dépression.

    Facteurs de risque

    Pour approcher la vie psychique des migrants et les difficultés auxquelles ils font face, nous distinguerons quatre facteurs à l’origine de difficultés : le vécu prémigratoire, le voyage, le vécu post-migratoire, et les aspects transculturels.

    Vécu prémigratoire

    Avant le départ, de nombreux migrants ont vécu des événements adverses et traumatiques : #persécution, #guerre, #violence_physique, #torture, violence liée au #genre (#mutilations, #viols), #deuils de proches dans des contextes de #meurtre ou de guerre, #emprisonnement, famine, exposition à des scènes horribles, etc. Les violences ont fréquemment été dirigées contre un groupe, amenant une dislocation des liens communautaires, en même temps que des liens familiaux. Ces traumatismes ont un caractère interhumain et intentionnel, et une dimension collective, témoignant d’une situation de violence organisée, c’est-à-dire d’une relation de violence exercée par un groupe sur un autre.2, 3 Cette situation de traumatismes multiples et intentionnels est fréquemment à l’origine d’une forme particulière de troubles appelée trouble de stress post-traumatique complexe. Les nombreuses pertes, deuils et pertes symboliques fragilisent vis-à-vis du risque dépressif.

    Départ et #voyage

    La migration est en elle-même un événement de vie particulièrement intense, obligeant à des renoncements parfois douloureux, déstabilisante par tous les remaniements qu’elle implique. Ce risque est pris par ceux qui partent avec un #projet_migratoire élaboré. En revanche, l’exil dans une situation critique est plus souvent une fuite, sans projet, sans espoir de retour, bien plus difficile à élaborer.1 Vers une Europe dont les frontières se sont fermées, les routes migratoires sont d’une dangerosité extrême. Nous connaissons tous le drame de la Méditerranée, ses morts en mer innombrables.4 Les adolescents venant seuls d’Afghanistan, par exemple, peuvent mettre plusieurs années à arriver en Europe, après des avancées, des retours en arrière, des phases d’incarcération ou de #prostitution. Durant ce long voyage, tous sont exposés à de nouvelles violences, de nouveaux traumatismes et à la traite des êtres humains, surtout les femmes et les enfants.

    Vécu post-migratoire

    Une fois dans le pays hôte, les migrants se retrouvent coincés entre un discours idéal sur l’asile, la réalité d’une opinion publique souvent hostile et des politiques migratoires contraignantes qui les forcent sans cesse à prouver qu’ils ne sont pas des fraudeurs ou des criminels.5 Les réfugiés qui ont vécu un traumatisme dans le pays d’origine vivent donc un nouveau traumatisme : le déni de leur vécu par le pays d’accueil. Ce déni, qui est pathogène, prend de multiples aspects, mais il s’agit d’être cru : par les agents de l’Office de protection des réfugiés et des apatrides (Ofpra) qui délivre le statut de réfugié, par les conseils départementaux, qui décident, avec un certain arbitraire, de la crédibilité de la minorité des jeunes non accompagnés. L’obtention d’un statut protecteur dans un cas, l’obligation de quitter le territoire dans l’autre. Mais raconter en détail des événements traumatiques que l’on n’a parfois jamais pu verbaliser est difficile, parfois impossible. Lorsque des troubles de la mémoire ou des reviviscences traumatiques les empêchent de donner des détails précis, on leur répond...

    #migration #mental_health #trauma #depression #violence

    https://www.larevuedupraticien.fr/article/sante-mentale-des-migrants-des-blessures-invisibles

  • Thread // La génération volée de #La_Réunion : Les #enfants_de_la_Creuse

    Je tiens à m’excuser d’avance si y’a des fautes, j’ai pas pu tout corriger. Et les rt sont appréciés, j’y ai mis du temps 😭
    J’ai pas su où le mettre dans le thread mais les familles d’accueil étaient bien évidemment payées pour accueillir les jeunes réunionnais. Bref let’s go
    On est en 1962. L’île est dans une situation socio-économique très tendue. La Réunion est considérée comme une île du tiers monde et les réunionnais vivent dans des conditions de précarité extrêmes.
    Ils habitent dans des cazes en tôle, la Réunion est en pleine explosion démographique, les revenus sont très faibles voir inexistant.

    Pendant ce temps, la France est au beau milieu des #trente_glorieuses et les campagnes se vident.

    #Michel_Debré (alors député de la Réunion) a une idée, avec l’aide du #Bureau_pour_le_développement_des_migrations_dans_les_départements_d’outre_mer (Le #Bumidom), il lance un plan massif de #repeuplement des #campagnes_métropolitaines.

    Dans les années 60, la plupart des réunionnais n’avaient pas eu l’occasion de s’instruirent et étaient illettrés.
    Pour la majorité des cas, Michel Debré envoyait des assistantes sociales dans les familles pauvres (souvent des familles nombreuses et/ou monoparentale).
    On leurs faisait miroiter une bonne situation pour leurs enfants, qu’ils iraient à l’école, qu’ils deviendraient médecins ou avocats, en bref que leurs vie seraient meilleure mais surtout, que les enfants reviendraient tous les ans.

    D’autres fois, les parents confiaient leurs enfants pour quelques mois à la D.A.S.S, le temps de se rétablir de maladies ou d’économiser un peu d’argent et à leurs retour, les enfants avaient disparus.

    Après ça, on amenait les enfants dans une #pouponnière de St Denis de la Réunion, là bas ils pouvaient rester des années avant qu’ils ne soient considérés comme « adoptables ». Ils pouvait être très jeunes (2/3 ans) comme un peu plus vieux (15/16 ans)

    On les mettait dans l’avion en direction d’Orly et là bas il y avait un #tri. Les enfants étaient placés dans des groupes vers le #Tarn, le #Gers, les #Pyrénées-Orientales, La #Lozère et la #Creuse.

    C’est ici que le cauchemar commence réellement.
    Arrivés en Métropole les enfants sont déclarés #pupilles_de_l’Etat alors même que la majorité avaient encore des parents à La Réunion.

    Les enfants envoyés en Creuse étaient transférés au #foyer_de_Guéret, selon les témoignages ils y avaient tellement de matelas par terre qu’il était difficile de passer.
    Les enfants sont directement couper de leurs cultures et n’ont plus le droit de parler créole.

    Et il y a de nouveau un tri : certaines filles sont envoyées chez les religieuses, les garçons les plus costauds sont envoyé dans les familles d’accueil et les autres peuvent continuer « l’école » (une professeur de l’époque a avouer qu’ils faisaient plus du gardiennage)

    [TW #esclavage, #torture, #viol]
    Je vous partage trois témoignages qui seront beaucoup plus parlants que tous les mots que je pourrais employer pour décrire leurs maux.

    https://video.twimg.com/ext_tw_video/1273736383190962177/pu/vid/492x270/hKM1B9Wq7v_rmkJK.mp4?tag=10

    [Tw esclavage]

    https://video.twimg.com/ext_tw_video/1273736735973945346/pu/vid/750x406/fZDHi26kSeLrkD5o.mp4?tag=10

    [Tw torture]
    Celui là est vraiment très très dur, d’ailleurs je vous invite à regarder le témoignage en entier (le lien sera dans les sources plus bas)

    On estime que 15 à 20% des réunionnais exportés ont été victimes de #violences.
    Déjà à l’époque des voix se lèvent pour dénoncer cette injustice dans le journal Témoignages et même jusqu’en France métropolitaine dans Libération.

    Traduction de « mi ça va pas - mi ça va pas » au cas où y’en a qui ont pas compris : « J’y vais pas ! J’y vais pas ! »
    Les personnes qui osaient s’indigner de la situation étaient renvoyés à l’image du défunt Alix Hoair (je savais pas trop où mais fallait que je me mette ce grand monsieur quelque part)

    https://video.twimg.com/ext_tw_video/1273738986062852097/pu/vid/498x270/30Jk92A8U1_ysGH4.mp4?tag=10

    Il a été viré après avoir demandé plusieurs fois à ce que les enfants puissent rentrer en vacances sur leurs île.
    Aujourd’hui on sait que sur le bureau de Michel Debré il y avait des piles de dossiers qui démontraient que le programme était un échec.
    #Debré ou la définition même du négationnisme. Voici sa réponse à une lettre de #Pierre_Denoix (Directeur régional de la santé à l’époque) qui condamne la « #déportation » des réunionnais
    « [...] L’envoi des pupilles est une action marginale. Elle n’est pas moins forte utile pour des enfants dont l’avenir dans cette île est incertain. Et a donné au cours de ces dernières années les meilleurs résultats. »

    Le programme de déportation est arrêté en 1984 sous Mitterand, on estime que pendant ces 22 années 2150 enfants ont été ramenés dans les campagnes métropolitaines (ce chiffre est revu à la hausse très souvent).
    Que deviennent les ex mineure de la Creuse aujourd’hui ?

    Oh et for the culture : on dit « enfants de la Creuse » pour parler de tous les deportés même ceux qui étaient pas en Creuse. C’est parce que le premier réunionnais qui a porté plainte (Jean Jacques Martial) été en Creuse
    En 2002, un réunionnais Jean-Jacques Martial porte plainte contre l’Etat pour séquestration, maltraitance et déportation.
    (Achetez son livre.)

    Le 18 février 2014, grâce à #Ericka_Bareigts l’assemblée national reconnaît la #responsabilité_morale de la France.

    Le 18 Février 2016, une commission d’information et de recherche sur les enfants de la Creuse est ouverte. Le but est de mettre en lumière les détails de l’histoire.
    En 2019 et après deux ans d’enquête, la commission « d’un point de vu judiciaire » n’a pas pu « trouver d’éléments probatoires de rafles, de déportation, de vol d’enfants ». 🤡

    [Tw #suicide, hp]

    Beaucoup d’ex mineure de la Creuse (déjà a l’époque) se sont suicidés suite au traumatisme, énormément d’entres eux sont en hôpital psychiatrique et d’autres se sont retrouvés à la Rue.
    Nb : Les mineures de la Creuse avaient énormément de troubles (les adolescents par exemple faisaient encore pipi au lit)
    En 2013, une #statue à la #mémoire des enfants de la Creuse est érigé devant l’aéroport Roland Garros. On y voit une petite fille qui tiens une valise en étant tournée vers la mer. Selon Valérie Andanson (porte parole des enfants déracinés d’outre-mer) « ça signifie le départ »

    À l’heure où je vous parle beaucoup d’ex mineure de la Creuse n’ont toujours pas retrouvé leurs familles.
    //Fin du thread//
    Je tiens à dire qu’il y a énormément de détails dont je n’ai pas parlé sinon le thread aurait été trop long, je vous invite à checké les sources si vous voulez absolument tout savoir
    Je vous invite aussi à follow, je prépare d’autre thread du genre (coucou la stérilisation et l’avortement forcé des femmes qu’il y a eu pendant la période Debré, j’arrive pour vous)
    Sources : - mes connaissances personnelles oups
    – Les enfants de La Réunion un scandale d’Etat oublié :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRRzeWyiAF0&feature=emb_logo


    – Le vol d’identité des enfants de la Creuse, le témoignage de Valérie Andanson :
    https://youtu.be/hRdiZGiapoU

    Une enfant de la Creuse témoigne brut :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=75upsqKjQLQ&feature=emb_logo

    – Les enfants perdus de La Réunion :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dResl03P1oE&feature=emb_logo

    (Celui là me fait particulièrement mal au cœur)
    –Témoignage d’une enfant de la Creuse :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni5WeHkaK5g&feature=emb_logo

    À ABSOLUMENT REGARDER.
    – « Loin... si Loin » : le débat - Guéret 21 juin 2017 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k1cghs7myA&feature=emb_logo

    – Interview d’#Alix_Hoair sur les enfants de La Creuse - Creuse 2003 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKnrlWRiGv8&feature=emb_logo

    J’ai oublié une autre source my bad (elle est pas si importante que ça mais quand même)
    –Remise du rapport sur les réunionnais de la Creuse :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOVVzMA9V1M&feature=emb_logo

    Et aussi, regardez la #propagande de l’époque sur le foyer de Guéret :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1pPdBK0U0A&feature=emb_logo

    https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1273729717275951104.html
    https://twitter.com/ChildOfSeshat/status/1273729717275951104

    #France #colonialisme #enfants #enfance #enfants_volés #immigrés_de_force #Réunion #histoire #histoire_coloniale #DASS #adoption #créole #langue #violence

    ping @isskein @karine4 @reka

  • EU ’covered up’ Croatia’s failure to protect migrants from border brutality

    Exclusive: Brussels officials feared disclosing Zagreb’s lack of commitment to monitoring would cause ‘scandal’

    EU officials have been accused of an “outrageous cover-up” after withholding evidence of a failure by Croatia’s government to supervise #police repeatedly accused of robbing, abusing and humiliating migrants at its borders.

    Internal European commission emails seen by the Guardian reveal officials in Brussels had been fearful of a backlash when deciding against full disclosure of Croatia’s lack of commitment to a monitoring mechanism that ministers had previously agreed to fund with EU money.

    Ahead of responding to inquiries from a senior MEP in January, a commission official had warned a colleague that the Croatian government’s failure to use money earmarked two years ago for border police “will for sure be seen as a ‘scandal’”.

    Supervision of the behaviour of border officers had been the condition set on a larger grant of EU funds to Croatia. There have been multiple allegations of violent pushbacks of migrants and refugees by Croatian police on the border with Bosnia, including an incident in which a migrant was shot.

    In response to allegations of a cover-up, an EC spokesman told the Guardian that what was known had been withheld from MEPs as the information was believed to have been “incomplete”.
    Crosses on our heads to ’cure’ Covid-19: refugees report abuse by Croatian police
    Read more

    It throws a spotlight on both the Croatian government’s human rights record and the apparent willingness of the EU’s executive branch to cover for Zagreb’s failure.

    Croatia is seeking to enter the EU’s passport-free Schengen zone – a move that requires compliance with European human rights standards at borders.

    Despite heated denials by the Croatian authorities, the latest border incident has been described by aid workers as the most violent in the Balkan migration crisis. On 26 May, 11 Pakistani and five Afghan men were stopped by a group wearing black uniforms and balaclavas in the Plitvice Lakes, 16km (10 miles) into Croatia from the Bosnian border.

    “The men in uniforms tied each of the Pakistanis and Afghanis around a tree, so their wrists were bound and they had to turn their faces toward the trees,” according to a report from the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), which provides healthcare for migrants in Bosnia. “Once these people were unable to move, the men in uniforms fired several shots in the air with guns placed close to the ears of the Pakistanis and Afghanis. There were also shots fired close to their legs.’’

    “They kept shooting. They were shooting so closely that the stones under our feet were flying and being blown to pieces,” one of the men told the Guardian. “They kept saying: ‘I want to beat and kill you.’ They tortured us for three to four hours.”

    The council’s report says electro-shockers were placed on people’s necks and heads. “One of the men in uniform was cutting several victims with knives and the same person inflicted cuts on both of the palms of one person.”

    One asylum seeker said that one of the men put his knee on his neck, then cut at him with a blade. ‘‘He sliced the index finger of my left hand, and blood started spurting out like a small shower,’’ he said. “Then he smiled and cut my middle finger followed by my palm with a larger cut. The whole hand is swollen beyond recognition.”

    After a while, the men in balaclavas called other uniformed officers.

    According to the victims and a report by the DRC, “before the police arrival, one of the men in uniform made a film with his mobile phone, while others in his company were laughing, yelling and provoking”.

    Upon the arrival of police officers, the migrants were put into vans and taken to the border at Šiljkovača, a village close to Velika Kladuša. Police officers did not beat them, but ordered them into Bosnian territory.

    “All of them had bleeding wounds on their heads and numerous bruises on various parts of the body,” Nicola Bay, the DRC country director for Bosnia, told the Guardian. “Four of them had broken arms and one had a broken leg and both arms.”

    Contacted by the Guardian, the Croatian police denied the allegations and suggested that asylum seekers could have fabricated the account and that the wounds could be the result of “a confrontation among migrants” that took place ‘‘on 28 May in the vicinity of the Croatian border, near Cazin’’.

    Volunteers and charities who have treated migrants involved in the fight in Cazin, said the two incidents are unrelated and happened two days apart. Those involved in the fight in Cazin have not claimed they were attacked by the police.

    The establishment of supervisory mechanisms to ensure the humane treatment of migrants at the border had been a condition of a €6.8m (£6.1m) cash injection announced in December 2018 to strengthen Croatia’s borders with non-EU countries.

    The mechanism was publicised by the European commission as a way to “ensure that all measures applied at the EU external borders are proportionate and are in full compliance with fundamental rights and EU asylum laws”.

    Croatian ministers claimed last year that the funds had been handed over to the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Croatian Law Centre to establish the supervisory mechanism.

    Both organisations deny receiving the money.

    In January this year, the commission was asked by Clare Daly, an Irish MEP in the Independents 4 Change party, to account for the discrepancy.

    A commission official responded that the UNCHR and Croatian Law Centre had established the monitoring mechanism but from “their own funds” to ensure independence from the government.

    He added: “Hopefully [this] clarifies this matter once and for all”.

    But both organisations have again denied being involved in any monitoring project, clarifying that they had only been engaged in an earlier initiative involving the examination of police files.

    Beyond the apparent inaccuracy of the response to Daly, internal emails suggest the full facts of the “underspending” – as its known to the commission – were also withheld.

    The EC failed to inform Daly that the Croatian government had decided to ring-fence only €102,000 of the €300,000 provided for the monitoring mechanism and that ultimately only €84,672 was actually spent – €17,469.87 was given to the interior ministry and €59,637.91 went to NGOs. A roundtable conference accounted for €1,703.16.

    “While we know that there has been underspending on the €300,000 … we thought that around € 240,000 were nevertheless spent in the context of the monitoring mechanism,” an EU official had written while discussing how to deal with the MEP’s questions. “Having spent only EUR 102,000, will for sure be seen as a ‘scandal’.”

    The commission did not pass on information on the spending to Daly but privately officials agreed to seek answers urgently. They also discussed in a phone and email exchange the possibility of intervening in the member state’s planned report due to the poor handling of the matter by the Croatian government.

    “Seeing how unfortunate [Croatia] is presenting this issue, [Croatia] definitively needs (your?) help in putting some ‘final touches’ to the report,” an official in the commission’s migration department wrote to a colleague. “Will [Croatia] provide you with an advance copy of the final report?”

    Daly told the Guardian: “It is outrageous – the commission appears to be colluding with the Croatian authorities in a cover-up.”

    An EC spokesperson said the EU’s executive branch was committed to the establishment of a fully independent border monitoring mechanism.

    The spokesperson said: “We would caution against drawing misleading conclusions from reading the internal email exchanges in isolation.”

    He added: “The Croatian authorities are explaining in their final implementation report how the monitoring mechanism was established, how it works in practice and outline the results.

    “Given that the report submitted by the Croatian authorities was incomplete, the commission asked the Croatian authorities for clarifications first in writing and orally regarding outstanding issues (eg factual data confirming the achievements of the project indicators relating to internal controls and trainings).”

    https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jun/15/eu-covered-up-croatias-failure-to-protect-migrants-from-border-brutalit
    #complicité #EU #UE #Croatie #violence #réfugiés #asile #migrations #violence #violences #hauts_fonctionnaires #fonds #argent #gardes_frontière #route_des_Balkans #frontières #Plitvice_Lakes #commission_européenne #Union_européenne #couverture

    • Report from Centre for Peace Studies on the pushback of children

      On 29th May 2020, the Centre for Peace Studies – a key member of the Border Violence Monitoring Network (BVMN) – presented a new report alongside the Welcome! Initiative. Addressing the Croatian Government, the “Report on violent and illegal expulsions of children and unaccompanied children” is based on testimonies collected by activists through the BVMN shared database. The publication shares the story of children who sought protection from Croatia, and how Croatia answered in violence.

      “We came to the door of Prime Minister Plenković and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior Božinović, who have been turning their backs on testimonies and accusations for years and silently pursuing a policy of flattering the European Union. Even the most vulnerable are not excluded from violence – children “, said Tea Vidović on behalf of the Welcome! Initiative.

      The report submitted to the Government by the organizations provides testimonies of children and their families and unaccompanied children on violent and illegal methods that they had to experience at the hands of police authorities. This illegal and inhuman behavior violates national laws, international law and human rights, prevents access to international protection and, most importantly, marks children’s lives. Although the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of the Interior should take into account the special vulnerability of children, respect their rights and best interests, children experience police brutality and limitation of their freedom for hours without access to water and food.

      “While the government uses every opportunity to emphasize the importance of border protection, we wonder in which way is police protecting Croatian borders? By beating children, confiscating their personal belongings, locking children in police vans for several hours in which they are exposed to extremely high or extremely low temperatures, shooting and using electric shocks, is this how the police protect Croatian borders? ”, points out Ana Ćuća.

      The exact number of children who are victims of police brutality remains unknown. BVMN has reported 209 cases of violent and illegal expulsions of children from Croatia since 2017, while Save the Children recorded 2969 expulsions of children at the borders in the Western Balkans during the first 9 months of last year.

      Two cases are currently pending at the European Court of Human Rights against Croatia, both involving violence and pushback. The first is the case of the family of the tragically late six-year-old girl Madina Hussiny, who was killed at the Croatian-Serbian border. The second includes pushbacks, illegal detention and inhumane treatment of a 17-year-old Syrian boy by Croatian police, who was pushed back to Bosnia and Herzegovina despite seeking asylum in Croatia.

      The latest report presented is the sixth report on violent and illegal expulsions published in the last four years, and it is the collective work of the Centre for Peace Studies, the Society for Psychological Assistance, the Welcome! Initiative and the Border Violence Monitoring Network. It also brings a short graphic novel based on the story of little #Madina, a young girl killed in transit, for whose death no one has yet been held accountable.

      Therefore, the organisations ask the Government and the Ministry of the Interior to finally take responsibility and for those who sanction and carry out systematic violence. Responsible institutions are obliged to investigate those who commit violence and push back children in need of protection. All children deserve justice and protection.

      https://www.borderviolence.eu/report-from-centre-for-peace-studies-on-the-pushback-of-children
      #enfants #enfance #mineurs

      Pour télécharger le #rapport:
      https://www.cms.hr/system/article_document/doc/647/Pushback_report_on_children_and_unaccompanied_children_in_Croatia.pdf

    • Policiers croates accusés de violences contre des migrants : l’UE réclame une "enquête approfondie’’

      Après avoir été interpellée par Amnesty International sur la « violence » des policiers croates à l’égard des migrants, la Commission européenne a réclamé à Zagreb une « enquête approfondie ». L’institution prévoit d’envoyer une mission sur place, quand la situation sanitaire le permettra.

      L’Union européenne est sortie de son ’’silence’’ au sujet des accusations de violences contre des migrants perpétrées par la police croate. Vendredi 12 juin, la Commission européenne a réclamé à Zagreb une "#enquête_approfondie'' à la suite de la publication d’un rapport à charge de l’ONG Amnesty International dénonçant des #passages_à_tabac, des #tortures et des tentatives d’#humiliation de la part de policiers croates (https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/25339/on-les-suppliait-d-arreter-de-nous-frapper-ils-chantaient-et-riaient-l).

      « Nous sommes très préoccupés par ces allégations », a déclaré un porte-parole de l’exécutif européen, Adalbert Jahnz. « La #violence, l’humiliation et les #traitements_dégradants des demandeurs d’asile et migrants n’ont pas leur place dans l’Union européenne et doivent être condamnés », a-t-il assuré.

      L’Union européenne avait été directement interpellée par Amnesty International dans son rapport. Ce document affirme que 16 migrants, qui tentaient d’entrer illégalement en Croatie, ont été « ligotés, brutalement battus et torturés » pendant plusieurs heures par des forces de l’ordre, dans la nuit du 26 au 27 mai. « L’Union européenne ne peut plus rester silencieuse et ignorer délibérément les violences et les abus commis par la police croate à la frontière », avait déclaré Massimo Moratti, directeur adjoint de l’antenne européenne de l’ONG.

      https://twitter.com/Jelena_Sesar/status/1271044353629335553?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E12

      Une mission sur place quand la situation sanitaire le permettra

      L’exécutif européen a également indiqué être « en contact étroit » avec les autorités croates qui « se sont engagées à enquêter » sur ces accusations de mauvais traitements à leur frontière avec la Bosnie (https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/18721/plusieurs-migrants-retrouves-blesses-a-la-frontiere-entre-la-bosnie-et). « Nous attendons que ces accusations fassent l’objet d’une enquête approfondie et que toutes les actions nécessaires soient prises », a poursuivi le porte-parole.

      La Commission prévoit aussi d’envoyer, quand la situation sanitaire le permettra, une mission sur place, dans le cadre d’un mécanisme de surveillance du respect des droits fondamentaux par les autorités aux frontières lié à l’allocation de fonds européens.

      Le ministère croate de l’Intérieur a, de son côté, immédiatement démenti ces accusations, en ajoutant cependant qu’une enquête serait ouverte.

      Des milliers de migrants empruntent chaque année la « route des Balkans » pour essayer de rejoindre l’Europe occidentale. La plupart passent par la Croatie, pays membre de l’UE, le plus souvent en provenance de la Bosnie.


      https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/25354/policiers-croates-accuses-de-violences-contre-des-migrants-l-ue-reclam

    • Croatia: Fresh evidence of police abuse and torture of migrants and asylum-seekers

      In a horrifying escalation of police human rights violations at the Croatian border with Bosnia, a group of migrants and asylum seekers was recently bound, brutally beaten and tortured by officers who mocked their injuries and smeared food on their bleeding heads to humiliate them, Amnesty International has revealed today.

      Amnesty International spoke to six men among a group of 16 Pakistani and Afghan asylum-seekers who were apprehended by the Croatian police on the night between 26 and 27 May near Lake Plitvice, as they tried to cross the country to reach Western Europe.

      Between eight and ten people wearing black uniforms and balaclavas identical to those used by Croatia’s Special Police, fired their weapons in the air, kicked and repeatedly hit the restrained men with metal sticks, batons and pistol grips. They then rubbed ketchup, mayonnaise and sugar that they found in one of the backpacks on migrants’ bleeding heads and hair and their trousers. Amnesty International also spoke to doctors who treated the men and NGOs who witnessed their injuries.

      “The European Union can no longer remain silent and wilfully ignore the violence and abuses by Croatian police on its external borders. Their silence is allowing, and even encouraging, the perpetrators of this abuse to continue without consequences. The European Commission must investigate the latest reports of horrifying police violence against migrants and asylum-seekers.” said Massimo Moratti, Deputy Director of the Europe Office, following the latest incident on the Croatian border.

      Physical and psychological abuse

      Amir from Pakistan told Amnesty: “We were pleading with them to stop and show mercy. We were already tied, unable to move and humiliated; there was no reason to keep hitting us and torturing us.” He said the armed men showed no sympathy. “They were taking photos of us with their phones, and were singing and laughing.” Amir had a broken arm and nose, stiches on the back of his head, and visible bruising all over his face and arms.

      Ten men suffered serious injuries that night. Thirty-year-old Tariq now has both of his arms and a leg in a cast, visible cuts and bruises on his head and face and is suffering from severe chest pain.

      “They did not give us a chance to say anything at all when they caught us. They just started hitting us. While I was lying on the ground, they hit my head with the back of a gun and I started bleeding. I tried to protect my head from the blows, but they started kicking me and hitting my arms with metal sticks. I was passing in and out of consciousness the rest of the night.” Tariq is now forced to use a wheelchair to move around and it will take months before he is able to move on his own again.

      The men told Amnesty International how they felt humiliated as militia rubbed mayonnaise and ketchup on to their bloody heads and faces. One masked man squirted mayonnaise on an asylum-seeker’s trousers between his legs, while others laughed and sang “Happy Birthday” around them.

      After almost five hours of continuous abuse, the migrants were handed over to the Croatian Border Police who transported them close to the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina in two vans before ordering them to walk. “They were taken aback by our condition. We were drenched in blood and very shook up. We could barely stand, much less walk for hours to Bosnia. But they told us to go. They told us to carry the guys who couldn’t walk and just go.” Faisal told Amnesty.

      Some of the men eventually reached Miral, a reception centre run by the International Organization for Migration in Velika Kladusa in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but five, who were too weak to walk, stayed behind and were eventually picked up by an NGO operating in the camp.

      An emergency doctor at the medical clinic in Velika Kladusa who treated the men told Amnesty International that they all had injuries on the back of their heads which were consistent with a blow by a blunt object and required stiches. Most had multiple fractures, joint injuries, collapsed lungs, cuts and bruises and several were traumatized. Their recovery could take months.

      Routine violent pushbacks and torture by the Croatian police remain unpunished

      While only the latest in the series, the incident points to a new level of brutality and abuse by the Croatian police. In early May, the Guardian reported about a group of men who were forced across the Croatian border after being beaten and having orange crosses spray-painted on their heads. The Croatian Ministry of Interior dismissed the allegations, but the testimonies of violence and intimidation fit the trend of unlawful pushbacks taking place not only on the Croatian, but also on other external borders of the European Union.

      Numerous reports over the past three years have revealed how the Croatian border police routinely assault men, women and teenagers trying to enter the country, destroy their belongings and smash their phones before pushing them back to Bosnia. People are sometimes stripped of their clothes and shoes, and forced to walk for hours through snow and freezing cold rivers.

      A physician in the Velika Kladusa clinic told Amnesty International that approximately 60 per cent of migrants and asylum-seekers who required medical treatment reported that their injuries were inflicted by the Croatian police, while they were trying to cross the border. “Many injuries involve fractures of long bones and joints. These bones take longer to heal and their fractures render the patient incapacitated for extended periods of time. This appears to be a deliberate strategy – to cause injuries and trauma that take time to heal and would make people more reluctant to try to cross the border again or any time soon,” the physician told Amnesty International.

      The Croatian Ministry of Interior has so far dismissed these allegations, refusing to carry out independent and effective investigations into reported abuses or hold its officers to account. In a climate of pervasive impunity, unlawful returns and violence at the border have only escalated. Amnesty International has shared the details of this incident with the Ministry of Interior, but has not received an official response.

      The EU’s failure to hold Croatia to account

      The European Commission has remained silent in the face of multiple, credible reports of gross human rights abuses at the Croatian border and repeated calls by the European Parliament to investigate the allegations. Furthermore, Croatia remains a beneficiary of nearly EURO 7 million of EU assistance for border security, the vast majority of which is spent on infrastructure, equipping border police and even paying police salaries. Even the small proportion (EURO 300,000) that the Commission had earmarked for a mechanism to monitor that the border measures comply with fundamental rights and EU asylum laws, has been no more than a fig leaf. Last year, the Commission recommended Croatia’s full accession to the Schengen Area despite human rights abuses already being commonplace there.

      “The European Commission cannot continue to turn a blind eye to blatant breaches of EU law as people are being branded with crosses on their heads or brutally tortured and humiliated by Croatian police. We expect nothing less than the condemnation of these acts and an independent investigation into reported abuses, as well as the establishment of an effective mechanism to ensure that EU funds are not used to commit torture and unlawful returns. Failing urgent action, Croatia’s inhumane migration practices will turn the EU into an accomplice in major human rights violations taking place at its doorstep,” said Massimo Moratti.

      Violent pushbacks from Croatian border have been a regular occurrence since late 2017. The Danish Refugee Council recorded close to 7,000 cases of forcible deportations and unlawful returns to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2019, most of which were accompanied by reported violence and intimidation by Croatian police. Despite the brief respite during the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic, pushbacks continue with 1600 cases reported only in April. The figures are increasing daily, as the restrictions across the region are being lifted and the weather is turning milder.

      Amnesty International has interviewed over 160 people who have been pushed back or returned to Bosnia and Herzegovina since July 2018. Nearly one third reported being beaten, having their documents and telephones stolen, and verbally abused in what appears to be a deliberate policy designed to deter future attempts to enter the country.

      https://www.amnesty.eu/news/croatia-fresh-evidence-of-police-abuse-and-torture-of-migrants-and-asylum-se
      #rapport #Amnesty_international

    • Croatia, police abuse is systemic

      While the world is outraged and protests after George Floyd’s death to denounce institutionalised violence, migrants have been beaten and tortured on the Balkan route for years. A brutal practice often covered up, even by the EU itself.

      George Floyd’s death on May 25th sparked protests around the world against police violence and institutional racism. In the Balkans as elsewhere, sit-ins have been held in support of #BlackLivesMatter , followed by calls to report abuses committed locally by the police. And in the region there is no lack of such abuses. In fact, police violence is routine on the “Balkan route”, the flow of migrants and refugees that has crossed the peninsula since 2015 in the hope of reaching the European Union. The events of the past few weeks have unfortunately confirmed once again the link between police brutality and immigration, bringing us back to the Croatian-Bosnian border. It is a story of systemic abuse, both proven and covered up, which involves a member state of the EU, candidate for accession to the Schengen area and, according to the latest revelations of The Guardian, the European Commission itself.
      Torture in Croatia

      When it comes to police abuse on the Croatian-Bosnian border, one does not really know where to start. The accidents recorded in recent years are so many that we can no longer even speak of “accidents”, or unexpected events. On the contrary, violence is rather a common practice, the only news being the increase in brutality by the agents, who have gone from illegal pushbacks to outright torture.

      “We rarely use the word ’torture’ in Europe, but in this case we had to”, explains Massimo Moratti, deputy director of the Europe office of Amnesty International (AI). Last week, AI published yet another report of the mistreatment of migrants by the Croatian police along the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mistreatment is an understatement. The testimonies collected no longer speak of broken mobile phones, or – as has happened more recently – destroyed with a screwdriver to prevent recharging, but instead contain “actual sadism”, as Moratti puts it.

      The case in question is that of 16 Pakistani and Afghan asylum seekers arrested by the Croatian police near the Plitvice lakes between May 26th and 27th. Their testimony is chilling. “We asked them to stop and show mercy. We were already tied up, there was no reason to continue hitting and torturing us", Amir told Amnesty International. Singing and filming on mobile phones, the agents continued to beat the 16 unfortunate men hard, finally smearing their wounds with ketchup and mayonnaise found in the backpack of one of the migrants. Eventually, the group was brought back to the border and forced to walk to Bosnia. Those who were unable to walk, because they are now in a wheelchair, had to be transported by others.

      “It is a pattern, a trend. These are the same practices that we have already seen in Hungary in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Dogs, sticks, broken bones... The goal is to intimidate and frighten so that no one tries to cross the border anymore", resumes Massimo Moratti, who adds: “the fractures we saw in the latter case will take months to heal”. The Amnesty International report and the attached photos tell the rest.
      Four years of violence

      How did we get to this? It is useful to make a brief summary of recent years to understand the evolution of violence. First, the “Balkan route” became a media phenomenon in the summer of 2015, when hundreds of thousands of Syrians, Iraqis, and Afghans began to travel up the Balkan peninsula to reach the European Union. At the beginning, the destination of the route was Hungary, then, with the closure of the Hungarian wall, it became Croatia, which leads to Slovenia and then to the Schengen area. In 2015, Croatian policemen showed themselves to be tolerant and benevolent, as reminded by this cover of Jutarnji List .

      In the spring of 2016, the agreement between the EU and Turkey led to the closure of the Balkan route and a change of pace. “The first case of pushback is registered in 2016 on the Serbo-Croatian border. In 2017, we have the first cases of violence", says Antonia Pindulić, legal advisor to the Centre for Peace Studies (CMS) in Zagreb. At the end of 2017, Madina Hussiny, 6, died hit by a train while returning from Croatia to Serbia following the tracks. Together with her family, she had been illegally pushed back by the Croatian policemen.

      In the summer of 2018, the Croatian police fired on a van that carried 29 migrants and refused to stop. Nine people were injured and two minors ended up in hospital in serious conditions. Since then, it has been a crescendo of accidents, especially on the Croatian-Bosnian border, where what remains of the Balkan route passes. Here, the testimonies collected by NGOs speak of beatings, theft, destruction of mobile phones and, as always, illegal pushbacks. Then, the situation has deteriorated up to the torture of the last few weeks. All in the silence of the authorities.
      The silence of the institutions

      How could the Zagreb government not complete an investigation in four years, address the police abuse, punish the guilty? It just didn’t. In fact, Andrej Plenković’s government has just “denied everything” for four years, while “no investigation has produced results”, as Antonia Pindulić of CMS summarises. And this despite the fact that there have been complaints from NGOs and also the actions of the institutions themselves in Croatia.

      “In 2019, a group of policement wrote an anonymous letter to the Croatian Ombudswoman asking to be protected from having to carry out illegal orders”, recalls Pindulić. The agents then revealed the pushback technique: GPS off, communications only on Whatsapp or Viber, no official report. Also in 2019, then President Kolinda Grabar Kitarović had let slip , during an interview on Swiss television, that “of course, a little strength is needed when making pushbacks”. Later, she said she had been misunderstood.

      After dozens of complaints have fallen on deaf ears and after in 2018 the Ombudswoman, in her investigations, had been denied access to video surveillance videos with the excuse that they were lost, the CMS decided a couple of weeks ago to file a complaint “against unknown police officers” guilty of “degrading treatment and torture against 33 people” and “violent and illegal expulsion [of these people, ed.] from the territory of the Republic of Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina”. “We hope that the prosecutor will open an investigation and that people who have violated the law are identified. But since the institutions themselves have violated the law for four years, I don’t know what we can expect”, says Antonia Pindulić.

      The complaint filed brings together four cases, all of which occurred at the beginning of May 2020. “We suspect that the cases are linked to each other, as all the migrants and refugees involved have reported beatings, theft of their belongings, being stripped and, above all, having a cross drawn on their head with orange spray”, says Antonia Pindulić. This very detail had brought the story on the Guardian and sparked controversy in Croatia.
      Towards a turning point?

      In their brutality, the cases seem to repeat themselves without any change in sight. But the Croatian government may soon be forced to answer for what appears to be institutionalised violence. Not only the legal action taken by the CMS “could likely end in Strasbourg”, as Massimo Moratti of Amnesty International speculates, but a lawsuit filed by three Syrian refugees against Croatia reached the European Court of Human Rights at the end of the May . And last week, after the publication of the AI ​​report, the European Commission announced that an observation mission will be sent to Croatia.

      And there is more. This week, the Guardian also revealed that communications between officials of the European Commission show how the European body “covered up Croatia’s failure to protect migrants from brutality on the border”. In question are the European funding received from Zagreb for border security: 7 million Euros, of which 300,000 for the implementation of an independent control mechanism that should have supervised the work of the police. Not only has the mechanism never been implemented, but there have been contradictory communications in this regard, with the Commission declaring that UNHCR was part of the mechanism and the latter publicly denying at the end of 2019 .

      In short, although Brussels allocated a (small) budget for the control of the brutality of Croatian agents, the mechanism that was to be activated with those funds was never created. And the Commission is aware of this. How long, then, will the Plenković government manage to hide its system of violence on the Bosnian border?

      https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Croatia/Croatia-police-abuse-is-systemic-202952

      #violence_systémique

    • Croatia: Police brutality in migrant pushback operations must be investigated and sanctioned – UN Special Rapporteurs

      Croatia must immediately investigate reports of excessive use of force by law enforcement personnel against migrants, including acts amounting to torture and ill-treatment, and sanction those responsible, UN human rights experts said today.

      “We are deeply concerned about the repeated and ongoing disproportionate use of force by Croatian police against migrants in pushback operations. Victims, including children, suffered physical abuse and humiliation simply because of their migration status,” Felipe González Morales, the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, and Nils Melzer, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, said in a joint statement.

      They said physical violence and degrading treatment against migrants have been reported in more than 60 percent of all recorded pushback cases from Croatia between January and May 2020, and recent reports indicate the number of forced returns is rising.

      Abusive treatment of migrants has included physical beatings, the use of electric shocks, forced river crossings and stripping of clothes despite adverse weather conditions, forced stress positions, gender insensitive body searches and spray-painting the heads of migrants with crosses.

      “The violent pushback of migrants without going through any official procedure, individual assessment or other due process safeguards constitutes a violation of the prohibition of collective expulsions and the principle of non-refoulement,” González Morales said.

      “Such treatment appears specifically designed to subject migrants to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as prohibited under international law. Croatia must investigate all reported cases of violence against migrants, hold the perpetrators and their superiors accountable and provide compensation for victims,” Melzer added.

      The UN Special Rapporteurs are also concerned that in several cases, Croatian police officers reportedly ignored requests from migrants to seek asylum or other protection under international human rights and refugee law.

      “Croatia must ensure that all border management measures, including those aimed at addressing irregular migration, are in line with international human rights law and standards, particularly, non-discrimination, the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment, the principle of non-refoulement and the prohibition of arbitrary or collective expulsions,” they said.

      During his official visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina in September 2019, González Morales received information on violent pushback of migrants by Croatian police to Bosnia and Herzegovina. He has exchanged views with relevant Croatian authorities on this issue on several occasions. Already during his official visit to Serbia and Kosovo* in 2017, Melzer had received similar information from migrants reporting violent ill-treatment during pushback operations by the Croatian police.

      * All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in compliance with Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

      https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25976&LangID=E

      #OHCHR

    • Dva policajca u pritvoru u Karlovcu zbog ozljeđivanja migranta - protiv njih pokrenut i disciplinski postupak

      Zbog sumnje u počinjenje kaznenih djela obojica su, uz kaznenu prijavu, dovedeni pritvorskom nadzorniku Policijske uprave karlovačke. Također, obojica su udaljeni iz službe, odgovoreno je na upit KAportala

      Dva policajca PU karlovačke nalaze se u pritvoru i to zbog sumnje u ozljeđivanje ilegalnog migranta, stranog državljanina.

      Na naš upit iz policije su nam rekli da je u četvrtak, 11. lipnja, u večernjim satima, tijekom utvrđivanja okolnosti nezakonitog ulaska u Republiku Hrvatsku, u policijsku postaju Slunj doveden strani državljanin na kojem su policijski službenici uočili da je ozlijeđen.

      https://kaportal.net.hr/aktualno/vijesti/crna-kronika/3836334/dva-policajca-u-karlovackom-pritvoru-zbog-ozljedjivanja-migranta-protiv

      Commentaire reçu via la mailing-list Inicijativa Dobrodosli, mail du 23.06.2020

      two police officers were arrested this week for injuring migrants. This is a big step for the Ministry of the Interior, but small for all cases that have not yet been investigated. However, it is important to emphasize that the violence we are witnessing is not the result of isolated incidents, but of systemic violence for which those who issue and those who carry out these illegal orders should be prosecuted.

  • La rivoluzione dei gelsomini

    A soli otto anni Takoua ha dovuto lasciare il paese in cui è nata per raggiungere il padre, rifugiato politico in Italia. Solo molto più tardi, dopo la Rivolta dei Gelsomini che abbatte la dittatura di Ben Ali, quella giovane donna cresciuta parlando con l’accento romano è potuta tornare in Tunisia per rimettere assieme i pezzi della sua storia familiare, per smascherare il funzionamento della macchina repressiva e testimoniare di come le
    donne – le grandi protagoniste di questa storia – ne fossero oggetto.

    Ed è ripercorrendo al contrario quel viaggio, che l’ha portata dalle porte del deserto del Sahara alla periferia di Roma, che conosciamo la storia di Takoua: la storia di una delle tante bambine che, nate o cresciute in Italia da genitori non italiani, molti si ostinano ancora a definire straniere.

    http://www.beccogiallo.it/prodotto/la-rivoluzione-dei-gelsomini
    #BD #livre #bande_dessinée
    #Tunisie #torture #prisonniers_politiques #viol #violence_sexuelle #persécution #femmes #résistance #solidarité_féminine #celles_qui_restent #autobiographie #voile #Takoua_Ben_Mohamed #révolution_tunisienne #révolution #révolution_de_jasmin #printemps_arabes #printemps_arabe #celleux_qui_restent

  • Accountability for medical participation in torture - The Lancet
    https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31325-8/fulltext?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email

    After revelations of the participation of US health professionals in torture of detainees in military or CIA custody in the wake of 9/11, citizens filed complaints to disciplinary and licensing boards in seven states against psychologists who had been publicly identified as having been part of the torture apparatus. All of the complaints were eventually dismissed, only one with an explanation. In light of the disciplinary bodies’ resistance to investigate participation in torture, much less impose sanctions, colleagues and I, then representing Physicians for Human Rights, helped a New York legislator, Richard Gottfried, draft a bill designed to facilitate discipline of health professionals for torture. We naively thought that bill would pass easily. Instead, the state psychiatric association opposed it as a regulatory intrusion that would stimulate bogus complaints and the Medical Society of the State of New York complained that potential barriers in access to evidence would make it difficult to defend health professionals. Despite otherwise broad support and Gottfried’s efforts, the bill never passed.

    #Torture #Psychologie #Ethique_médicale

  • Il Rapporto annuale 2020 del #Centro_Astalli

    Il Centro Astalli presenta il Rapporto annuale 2020: uno strumento per capire attraverso dati e statistiche quali sono le principali nazionalità degli oltre 20mila rifugiati e richiedenti asilo assistiti, di cui 11mila a Roma; quali le difficoltà che incontrano nel percorso per il riconoscimento della protezione e per l’accesso all’accoglienza o a percorsi di integrazione.

    Il quadro che ne emerge rivela quanto oggi sia alto il prezzo da pagare in termini di sicurezza sociale per non aver investito in protezione, accoglienza e integrazione dei migranti. E mostra come le politiche migratorie, restrittive, di chiusura – se non addirittura discriminatorie – che hanno caratterizzato l’ultimo anno, acuiscono precarietà di vita, esclusione e irregolarità, rendendo l’intera società più vulnerabile.

    Il Rapporto annuale 2020 descrive il Centro Astalli come una realtà che, grazie agli oltre 500 volontari che operano nelle sue 7 sedi territoriali (Roma, Catania, Palermo, Grumo Nevano-NA, Vicenza, Trento, Padova), si adegua e si adatta ai mutamenti sociali e legislativi di un Paese che fa fatica a dare la dovuta assistenza a chi, in fuga da guerre e persecuzioni, cerca di giungere in Italia.

    https://centroastalli.it/il-rapporto-annuale-2020-del-centro-astalli
    #Italie #asile #migrations #réfugiés #statistiques #chiffres #rapport #2019 #précarité #précarisation #protection_humanitaire #décret_salvini #decreto_salvini #accueil #femmes #marginalisation #Libye #externalisation #ceux_qui_n'arrivent_pas #arrivées #torture #santé_mentale #mauvais_traitements #traite_d'êtres_humains #permis_de_séjour #accès_aux_soins #siproimi #sprar #CAS #assistance_sociale #vulnérabilité #services_sociaux #intégration

    Synthèse du rapport :
    #pXXXLIEN22LIENXXX

    Rapport :


    https://centroastalli.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/astalli_RAPP_2020-completo-x-web.pdf

    ping @isskein @karine4

  • Mais Abu Gush Sentenced to 16 Months in Prison and a Fine
    3 mai 2020 | Addameer
    http://www.addameer.org/news/mais-abu-gush-sentenced-16-months-prison-and-fine

    On Sunday, 3 May 2020, the Israeli military court at Ofer sentenced Mais Abu Gush to 16 months in prison starting from the day of her arrest, 29 August 2019. The sentence also included a suspended sentence which begins from the day of her release, and is 12 months in prison for the coming five years. Furthermore, Mais sentence included a 2000 NIS fine as well.

    #torture #prison

  • Afghanistan investigates reports Iran guards forced migrants into river

    Afghanistan is investigating reports Afghan migrants drowned after being tortured and pushed into a river by Iranian border guards.

    The migrants were caught trying to enter Iran illegally from the western Herat province on Friday, according to local media.

    The migrants were beaten and forced to jump into a river by Iranian border guards, the reports said. Some of them are said to have died.

    Iran has dismissed the allegation.

    A foreign ministry spokesman said the incident took place on Afghan territory, not Iranian, and security guards denied any involvement.

    The number involved in the incident is unconfirmed but officials said dozens of migrants crossed the border, and at least seven people died with more still missing.

    A search party has been sent to retrieve the bodies of migrants from the river.
    The Afghan Human Rights Commission (AHRC) said local officials told it “Iranian security forces arrested a number of Afghan migrants seeking work who wanted to enter Iran”.

    “They were made to cross the Harirud river [at the Afghan-Iranian border], as a result a number of them drowned and some survived,” it added.

    Shir Agha, a migrant who witnessed the incident, told Reuters the Iranian guards “warned us that if we do not throw ourselves into the water, we will be shot”.

    Another Afghan migrant, Shah Wali, alleged that the Iranian guards “beat us, then made us do hard work”.

    “They then took us by minibus near to the river, and when we got there, they threw us into the river,” he added.

    About three million Afghans live in Iran, including refugees and wage labourers. Hundreds of Afghans cross into Iran every day to find work.

    There was a mass exodus of migrants returning to Afghanistan after the coronavirus outbreak in Iran, which has recorded almost 100,000 cases of the disease to date. Many are suspected to have brought coronavirus back across the border with them.

    But as Iran seeks to ease restrictions, Afghan migrants in search of work are crossing the country’s border in greater numbers again.

    Afghan officials have expressed concern over the incident in Herat province, risking a diplomatic row at a time of already strained relations over the coronavirus pandemic.

    In a tweet to Iranian officials, Herat’s governor Sayed Wahid Qatali wrote: “Our people are not just some names you threw into the river. One day we will settle accounts.”

    https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-asia-52523048?__twitter_impression=true
    #Iran #frontières #rivière #Herat #Iran #hostile_environment #weaponization #enviornnement_hostile #migrations #asile #réfugiés #décès #morts #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières

    • Afghanistan Probes Reports Iranian Guards Forced Migrants Into River

      Afghan officials were hunting on Sunday for Afghan migrants in a river bordering Iran after reports that Iranian border guards tortured dozens and threw them into the water to keep them out of Iran.

      Authorities in western Herat province said they retrieved 12 bodies from the Harirud river and at least eight other people were missing.

      The incident could trigger a diplomatic crisis between Iran and Afghanistan at a time when the coronavirus pandemic has seen an exodus of Afghan migrants from Iran, with many testing positive. Up to 2,000 Afghans cross the border from Iran, a coronavirus hotspot, into Herat each day.

      Afghanistan’s foreign ministry said on Saturday an inquiry had been launched. A senior official in the presidential palace in Kabul said initial assessments suggested at least 70 Afghans trying to enter Iran from Herat were beaten and pushed into the Harirud river on Saturday.

      Abbas Mousavi, a spokesman for Iran’s foreign ministry, said the “incident” took place on Afghan soil.

      “Border guards of the Islamic Republic of Iran denied the occurrence of any events related to this on the soil of our country,” he said in a statement on Sunday.

      Abdul Ghani Noori, governor of Herat’s Gulran district, said dozens of Afghan migrant workers were thrown into the river by members of the Iranian army.

      “Iranian armymen used shovels and gunshots to injure Afghan workers and threw them in water,” Noori told Reuters, adding that some of the injured workers were being treated in a hospital.

      Doctors at Herat District Hospital said they had received the bodies of Afghan migrants.

      “So far, five bodies have been transferred to the hospital. Of these bodies, it’s clear that four died due to drowning,” said Aref Jalali, head of the hospital. He added that two injured men were brought to the hospital on Sunday evening.

      The Taliban militant group, fighting to oust the Afghan government, said Iran should launch an investigation into the killings and “strictly punish the perpetrators”.

      “We have learnt that 57 Afghans on their way to the Islamic Republic of Iran for work were initially tortured by Iranian border guards and 23 of them later brutally martyred,” the Taliban said in a statement.

      Noor Mohammad said he was one of the Afghans caught by Iranian border guards as they were trying to cross into Iran in search of work.

      “After being tortured, the Iranian soldiers threw all of us in the Harirud river,” Mohammad told Reuters.

      Shir Agha, who said he also survived the violence, said at least 23 people thrown into the river were dead.

      Afghan officials that it was not the first time that Afghans had been killed by Iranian police guarding the 920-km (520-mile) border.

      As of Sunday, at least 541 coronavirus-infected people in Afghanistan were from Herat province, which recorded 13 deaths, with the majority of cases Afghan returnees from Iran, said Rafiq Shirzad, a health ministry spokesman in Herat.

      https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/05/03/world/middleeast/03reuters-afghanistan-iran-migrants.html?searchResultPosition=3
      #noyade #torture #gardes-frontière #Harirud #armée

    • Afghanistan probes report Iran guards forced migrants into river

      Survivors say at least 23 of 57 people thrown by Iranian border guards into Harirud River drowned.

      Afghanistan has begun retrieving bodies of Afghan migrants from a river in a western province after reports that Iranian border guards tortured and threw Afghans into the river to prevent their entry into Iran.

      Afghanistan’s foreign ministry in a statement on Saturday said an inquiry had been launched and a senior official in the presidential palace in Kabul said initial assessments suggested that at least 70 Afghans who were trying to enter Iran from bordering Herat province were beaten and pushed into Harirud River.

      The Harirud River basin is shared by Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan.

      Doctors at Herat District Hospital said they had received the bodies of Afghan migrants, some of whom had drowned.

      “So far, five bodies have been transferred to the hospital, of these bodies, its clear that four died due to drowning,” said Aref Jalali, head of Herat District Hospital.

      The Iranian consulate in Herat denied the allegations of torture and subsequent drowning of dozens of Afghan migrant workers by border police.

      “Iranian border guards have not arrested any Afghan citizens,” the consulate said in a statement on Saturday.

      Noor Mohammad said he was one of 57 Afghan citizens who were caught by Iranian border guards on Saturday as they tried to cross into Iran in search of work from Gulran District of Herat.

      “After being tortured, the Iranian soldiers threw all of us in the Harirud river,” Mohammad told Reuters News Agency.

      Shir Agha, who said he also survived the violence, said at least 23 of the 57 people thrown by Iranian soldiers into the river had died.

      “Iranian soldiers warned us that if we do not throw ourselves into the water, we will be shot,” said Agha.
      ’We will settle accounts’

      Local Afghan officials said it was not the first time Afghans had been tortured and killed by Iranian police guarding the 920km (520 mile) long border.

      Herat Governor Sayed Wahid Qatali in a tweet to Iranian officials said: “Our people are not just some names you threw into the river. One day we will settle accounts.”

      The incident could trigger a diplomatic crisis between Iran and Afghanistan at a time when the coronavirus pandemic has seen a mass exodus of Afghan migrants from Iran with many testing positive for COVID-19.

      Up to 2,000 Afghans daily cross the border from Iran, a global coronavirus hotspot, into Herat.

      As of Sunday, at least 541 infected people are from Herat province, which recorded 13 deaths, with the majority of positive cases found among Afghan returnees from Iran, said Rafiq Shirzad, a health ministry spokesman in Herat.

      https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/afghanistan-probes-report-iran-guards-forced-migrants-river-2005030926238

  • A NOS CORPS DEFENDANTS - 2020 - 90 min - FR / ENG

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrHcc_rPacE

    Désarmons les
    –------------
    Durée : 90 min

    Année : 2019

    Réalisation : IanB

    Synopsis

    Ce film ne raconte pas une histoire. Il se veut une approche sensible et radicale des violences psychologiques et physiques infligées aux habitant·es des quartiers populaires par la police. Les récits prennent place dans la France des vingt dernières années, celle de l’après Sarkozy, et sont rapportés par les premier·e·s concerné·e·s : pas de sociologue, pas d’historien, pas de journalistes ni de storytelling. Juste la parole de celles et ceux qu’on voudrait voir silencieux·ses : Wassil Kraiker et ses parents Zohra et Abdelaziz, des jeunes d’Argenteuil, Amine Mansouri et son père Moustapha, Ali Alexis et son épouse, Ramata Dieng et Farid El Yamni…

    On y aborde la question de la domination, ou comment l’Etat traite les corps étrangers pour mieux les contrôler. Il est question de racisme, de torture et d’un combat vital pour la vérité. Les protagonistes de ce film n’avaient pas choisi de devenir un jour visibles, mais les violences systémiques en ont fait des combattant·e·s, à leurs corps défendants.

    Sur le réalisateur

    IanB est membre fondateur d’un collectif qui existe et se bat depuis 2012 contre les violences d’Etat, Désarmons-les ! Ce film, il l’a pensé à la fois comme une manière de clore un chapitre dans son combat personnel, une déclaration de guerre et un message sans concession à l’attention de celles et ceux qui oseraient encore nier le caractère systémique des violences policières.
    Contacts :

    Mail : ianb@riseup.net

    Twitter : @ianb_desarmons

    Site internet : https://volte-face.info/film-a-nos-corps-defendants

  • » Israeli Soldiers Abduct Jerusalem Governor
    April 5, 2020 12:09 PM – IMEMC News
    https://imemc.org/article/israeli-soldiers-abduct-jerusalem-governor

    Israeli soldiers abducted, Sunday, the Palestinian Governor of occupied East Jerusalem, Adnan Gheith , after storming and ransacking his home in Silwan town, south of Jerusalem.

    Media sources said the soldiers violently searched the property after breaking into it, causing damage, and abducted the governor.

    It is worth mentioning that this is the seventeenth time the soldiers abduct and detain Gheith since he became the governor of occupied Jerusalem in August 2018.

    Gheith is also banned from entering the rest of the West Bank, in addition to not being allowed to have any contact with the Palestinian Authority, or with any of the Palestinian political leaders, including President Mahmoud Abbas.

    On Friday, the soldiers abducted the Palestinian Minister of Jerusalem Affairs, Fadi al-Hadmi , from his home in the Suwwana neighborhood in Jerusalem, for the fourth time in less than one year, and released him after an extended interrogation.

    Shortly after his release from the al-Maskobiyya interrogation facility in Jerusalem, al-Hadmi said that the soldiers violently searched his home, and used dogs to inflict maximum damage, in addition to forcing him to wear a dirty mask that had signs of dried blood on it.

  • » Jerusalem Minister: “I Was Forced To Wear A Dirty Mask, With Signs Of Dried Blood On It”
    April 4, 2020 2:50 AM – IMEMC News
    https://imemc.org/article/jerusalem-minister-i-was-forced-to-wear-a-dirty-mask-with-signs-of-dried-bloo

    Shortly after his release from the al-Maskobiyya interrogation facility in occupied Jerusalem, the Palestinian Government Minister of Jerusalem, Fadi al-Hadmi, said that the soldiers violently searched his home, and used dogs to inflict maximum damage, in addition to forcing him to wear a dirty mask that had signs of dried blood on it.

    The Minister said that Israeli soldiers, police officers and internal security officers, stormed his home at dawn, after detonating the main doors, and rampaged through every room of the property, causing excessive damage, in addition to causing anxiety attacks among his children.

    “I was taken to the al-Maskobiyya interrogation facility where many soldiers repeatedly beat me up,” he added, “I was then forced to wear a mask that seems to have been used and had signs of dried blood on it.” (...)

    • Pour ceux qui suivent en pointillés : l’autre ancien de Khiam qui fait actuellement l’actualité, c’est Amer Fakhoury. (Je vois d’ailleurs au détour d’une dépêche sur cet Antoine Hayek que Fakhoury a obtenu la nationalité américaine l’année dernière seulement.

  • Covid-19 : l’Etat tient-il un double-langage aux Français ?
    https://www.latribune.fr/economie/france/covid-19-l-etat-tient-il-un-double-langage-aux-francais-842919.html


    Airbus, qui avait décidé mardi de suspendre pour quatre jours ses activités de production et d’assemblage dans ses usines françaises et espagnoles, espère reprendre lundi une activité partielle dans tous ses sites en France et en Espagne.
    Crédits : Marcelo del Pozo

    Trop de communications contradictoires du gouvernement nuit à la gestion de la crise sanitaire générée par le virus Coronavirus. Les chefs d’entreprise sont déstabilisés par ces contradictions.

    Dans la crise sanitaire majeure provoquée par le Covid-19, l’Etat navigue à vue. Et c’est peu de le dire en distillant des informations contradictoires : comment rester confiné, et en même temps, aller travailler ? Et comment les salariés peuvent-ils aller travailler tout en n’ayant pas de masques en raison des réquisitions de l’Etat ? Comment l’Etat peut-il sauver toutes les entreprises en danger tout en verrouillant les conditions d’accès au chômage partiel, via les Dirrecte (direction régionale des entreprises, de la concurrence, de la consommation, du travail et de l’emploi), qui ont semble-t-il reçu des instructions de serrer la vis ? Bref, le « en même temps » ajoute de la confusion à la situation actuelle, qui n’est déjà pas simple en raison de l’impréparation de la France, dont les origines remontent déjà à plusieurs années.

    Tour de vis sur le chômage partiel
    Selon Le Figaro, en l’espace d’une vingtaine de jours, près de 26.000 entreprises ont effectué une demande de chômage partiel. Soit 560.000 salariés à indemniser pour un coût potentiel estimé à 1,7 milliard d’euros. C’est beaucoup, trop peut-être. Résultat, de l’aveu même de chefs d’entreprise interrogés par La Tribune, les services régionaux du ministère du Travail (Dirrecte), "sur instruction, refusent un maximum de dossiers" aux entreprises, qui souhaitent bénéficier des mesures de chômage partiel. Les conditions d’accès au système d’indemnisation du chômage partiel (ou chômage technique) qui permet à une entreprise de gérer une baisse d’activité ponctuelle sans avoir à licencier ses salariés, sont durcies.
    […]
    « Dans le domaine économique, il faut évidemment un service économique minimum, il faut que les activités de base de notre économie continuent à tourner », a ainsi demandé vendredi sur LCI, Bruno Le Maire. Dans ce contexte, les chefs d’entreprise s’exposent à des actions en justice de la part de leurs salariés et/ou de leur famille si jamais par malheur certains étaient contaminés sur leur lieu de travail. Le gouvernement doit désormais et impérativement tenir un cap, un seul cap.

    • #injonctions_contradictoires #doubles_nœuds #enfermements #torture #yoyo_mental

      https://www.lesechos.fr/2014/01/comment-faire-face-a-des-injonctions-contradictoires-269501

      Les injonctions contradictoires, dites aussi paradoxales, sont celles auxquelles on ne peut obéir sans désobéir. C’est la fameuse « double contrainte » ou double noeud, théorisé par Gregory Bateson.

      L’exemple classique, selon l’école de Palo Alto, est l’injonction « Soyez spontané(e) ! ». Si on tente d’y obéir, on ne peut plus l’être et, si on s’y oppose, non plus. Résultat : quoi qu’on fasse, on est perdant. Et on se sent coupable, sans nécessairement comprendre pourquoi.

      Dans la vie de l’entreprise, ce double noeud se rencontre lorsqu’on se retrouve avec deux demandes opposées, émanant, par exemple, de deux chefs. L’un veut rouge, l’autre noir. Il faut obéir aux deux et on ne peut se plaindre, ni à l’un ni à l’autre. Chez la personne qui subit ce « double noeud » se produit alors une sorte d’enfermement, un rétrécissement de conscience qui tourne fébrilement en rond en cherchant une voie de sortie.

      C’est cool comme définition en plein confinement de la population ?

  • En #Libye, les oubliés

    #Michaël_Neuman a passé une dizaine de jours en Libye, auprès des équipes de Médecins Sans Frontières qui travaillent notamment dans des #centres_de_détention pour migrants. De son séjour, il ramène les impressions suivantes qui illustrent le caractère lugubre de la situation des personnes qui y sont retenues, pour des mois, des années, et celle plus difficile encore de toutes celles sujets aux #enlèvements et aux #tortures.

    La saison est aux départs. Les embarcations de fortune prennent la mer à un rythme soutenu transportant à leur bord hommes, femmes et enfants. Depuis le début de l’année, 2300 personnes sont parvenues en Europe, plus de 2000 ont été interceptées et ramenées en Libye, par les garde-côtes, formés et financés par les Européens. Les uns avaient dès leur départ le projet de rejoindre l’Europe, les autres ont fait ce choix après avoir échoué dans les réseaux de trafic d’êtres humains, soumis aux tortures et privations. Les trajectoires se mêlent, les raisons des départs des pays d’origine ne sont souvent pas univoques. En ce mois de février 2020, ils sont nombreux à tenter leur chance. Ils partent de Tripoli, de Khoms, de Sabrata… villes où se mêlent conflits, intérêts d’affaires, tribaux, semblants d’Etat faisant mine de fonctionner, corruption. Les Libyens ne sont pas épargnés par le désordre ou les épisodes de guerre. Pourtant, ce sont les apparences de vie normale qui frappent le visiteur. Les marchés de fruits et légumes, comme les bouchons qui encombrent les rues de Tripoli en témoignent  : la ville a gonflé au rythme des arrivées de déplacés originaires des quartiers touchés par la guerre d’attrition dont le pays est le théâtre entre le gouvernement intérimaire libyen qui règne encore sur Tripoli et une partie du littoral ouest et le LNA, du Maréchal Haftar, qui contrôle une grande partie du pays. Puissances internationales – Italie, France, Russie, Turquie, Emirats Arabes Unis – sont rentrées progressivement dans le jeu, transformant la Libye en poudrière dont chaque coup de semonce de l’un des belligérants semble annoncer une prochaine déflagration d’ampleur. Erdogan et Poutine se faisant face, le pouls du conflit se prend aujourd’hui autant à Idlib en Syrie qu’à Tripoli.

    C’est dans ce pays en guerre que l’Union européenne déploie sa politique de soutien aux interceptions et aux retours des ‘migrants’. Tout y passe  : financement et formation des gardes côtes-libyens, délégation du sauvetage aux navires commerciaux, intimidation des bateaux de sauvetage des ONG, suspension de l’Opération Sophia. Mais rien n’y fait  : ni les bombardements sur le port et l’aéroport de Tripoli, ni les tirs de roquettes sur des centres de détention situés à proximité d’installation militaire, pas davantage que les témoignages produits sur les exécrables conditions de vie qui prévalent dans les centres de détention, les détournements de financements internationaux, ou sur la précarité extrême des migrants résidant en ville n’ébranlent les certitudes européennes. L’hypocrisie règne  : l’Union européenne affirme être contre la détention tout en la nourrissant par l’entretien du dispositif libyen d’interception  ; le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies pour les Réfugiés condamne les interceptions sans jamais évoquer la responsabilité des Européens.

    Onze centres de détention sont placés sous la responsabilité de la Direction chargée de l’immigration irrégulière libyenne (la DCIM). La liste évolue régulièrement sans que l’on sache toujours pourquoi, ni si la disparition d’un centre signifie véritablement qu’il a été vidé de ses détenus, ou qu’ils y résident encore sous un régime informel et sans doute plus violent encore. Une fois dans ces centres, les détenus ne savent jamais quand ils pourront en sortir  : certains s’en échappent, d’autres parviennent à acheter leur sortie, beaucoup y pourrissent des mois voire des années. L’attente y est physiquement et psychologiquement dévastatrice. C’est ainsi le lot des détenus de Dar El Jebel, près de Zintan, au cœur des montagnes Nafusa, loin et oubliés de tous : la plupart, des Erythréens, y sont depuis deux ans, parfois plus.

    La nourriture est insuffisante, les cellules, d’où les migrants ne sortent parfois que très peu, sont sombres et très froides ou très chaudes. Les journées sont parfois rythmées par les cliquetis des serrures et des barreaux. Dans la nuit du samedi 29 février au dimanche 1er mars 2020, une dizaine de jours après mon retour, un incendie sans doute accidentel à l’intérieur du centre de détention de Dar El Jebel a coûté la vie à un jeune homme érythréen.

    Nous pouvons certes témoigner que le travail entamé dans ces centres, l’attention portée à l’amélioration des conditions de vie, les consultations médicales, l’apport de compléments alimentaires, mais aussi et peut-être surtout la présence physique, visible, régulière ont contribué à les humaniser, voire à y limiter la violence qui s’y déploie. Pour autant, nous savons que tout gain est précaire, susceptible d’être mis à mal par un changement d’équilibre local, la rotation des gardes, la confiance qui se gagne et se perd, les services que nous rendons. Il n’est pas rare que les directeurs de centre expliquent que femmes et enfants n’ont rien à faire dans ces endroits, pas rare non plus qu’ils infligent des punitions sévères à ceux qui auraient tenté de s’échapper  ; certains affament leurs détenus, d’autres les libèrent lorsque la compagnie chargée de fournir les repas interrompt ses services faute de voir ses factures réglées. Il est probable que si les portes de certains centres de détention venaient à s’ouvrir, nombreux sont des détenus qui décideraient d’y rester, préférant à l’incertitude de l’extérieur leur précarité connue. Cela, beaucoup le disent à nos équipes. Dans ce pays fragmenté, les dynamiques et enjeux politiques locaux l’emportent. Ce qu’on apprend vite, en Libye, c’est l’impossibilité de généraliser les situations.

    Nous savons aussi que nous n’avons aucune vocation à devenir le service de santé d’un système de détention arbitraire  : il faut que ces gens sortent. Des hommes le plus souvent, mais aussi des femmes et des enfants, parfois tout petits, parfois nés en détention, parfois nés de viols. L’exposition à la violence, la perméabilité aux milices, aux trafiquants, la possibilité pour les détenus de travailler et de gagner un peu d’argent varient considérablement d’un centre à l’autre. Il en est aussi de leur accès pour les organisations humanitaires.

    Mais nous savons surtout que les centres de détention officiels n’abritent que 2000, 3000 des migrants en danger présents en Libye. Et les autres alors  ? Beaucoup travaillent, et assument une précarité qui est le lot, bien sûr à des degrés divers, de nombreux immigrés dans le monde, de Dubaï à Paris, de Khartoum à Bogota. Mais quelques dizaines de milliers d’autres, soit par malchance, soit parce qu’ils n’ont aucun projet de vie en Libye et recourent massivement aux services peu fiables de trafiquants risquent gros  : les enlèvements bien sûr, kidnappings contre rançons qui s’accompagnent de tortures et de sévices. Certains de ces «  migrants  », entre 45 000 et 50 000, sont reconnus «  réfugiés ou des demandeurs d’asiles  » par le Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés : ils sont Erythréens, Soudanais, Somaliens pour la plupart. De très nombreux autres, migrants économiques dit-on, sont Nigérians, Maliens, Marocains, Guinéens, Bangladeshis, etc. Ils sont plus seuls encore.

    Pour les premiers, un maigre espoir de relocalisation subsiste  : l’année dernière, le HCR fut en mesure d’organiser le départ de 2400 personnes vers le Niger et le Rwanda, où elles ont été placées encore quelques mois en situation d’attente avant qu’un pays, le plus souvent européen, les accepte. A ce rythme donc, il faudrait 20 ans pour les évacuer en totalité – et c’est sans compter les arrivées nouvelles. D’autant plus que le programme de ‘réinstallation’ cible en priorité les personnes identifiées comme vulnérables, à savoir femmes, enfants, malades. Les hommes adultes, seuls – la grande majorité des Erythréens par exemple – ont peu de chance de faire partie des rares personnes sélectionnées. Or très lourdement endettés et craignant légitimement pour leur sécurité dans leur pays d’origine, ils ne rentreront en aucun cas ; ayant perdu l’espoir que le Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés les fassent sortir de là, leur seule perspective réside dans une dangereuse et improbable traversée de la Méditerranée.

    Faute de lieux protégés, lorsqu’ils sont extraits des centres de détention par le HCR, ils sont envoyés en ville, à Tripoli surtout, devenant des ‘réfugiés urbains’ bénéficiant d’un paquet d’aide minimal, délivré en une fois et dont on peine à voir la protection qu’il garantit à qui que ce soit. Dans ces lieux, les migrants restent à la merci des trafiquants et des violences, comme ce fut le cas pour deux Erythréens en janvier dernier. Ceux-là avaient pourtant et pour un temps, été placés sous la protection du HCR au sein du Gathering and Departure Facility. Fin 2018, le HCR avait obtenu l’ouverture à Tripoli de ce centre cogéré avec les autorités libyennes et initialement destiné à faciliter l’évacuation des demandeurs d’asiles vers des pays tiers. Prévu à l’origine pour accueillir 1000 personnes, il n’aura pas résisté plus d’un an au conflit qui a embrasé la capitale en avril 2019 et à la proximité de milices combattantes.

    D’ailleurs, certains d’entre eux préfèrent la certitude de la précarité des centres de détention à l’incertitude plus inquiétante encore de la résidence en milieu ouvert  : c’est ainsi qu’à intervalles réguliers, nous sommes témoins de ces retours. En janvier, quatre femmes somalies, sommées de libérer le GDF en janvier, ont fait le choix de rejoindre en taxi leurs maris détenus à Dar El Jebel, dont elles avaient été séparées par le HCR qui ne reconnaissaient pas la légalité des couples. Les promesses d’évacuation étant virtuelles, elles sont en plus confrontées à une absurdité supplémentaire  : une personne enregistrée par le HCR ne pourra bénéficier du système de rapatriement volontaire de l’Organisation Internationale des Migrations quand bien même elle le souhaiterait.

    Pour les seconds, non protégés par le HCR, l’horizon n’est pas plus lumineux : d’accès à l’Europe, il ne peut en être question qu’au prix, là encore, d’une dangereuse traversée. L’alternative est le retour au pays, promue et organisée par l’Organisation internationale des Migrations et vécue comme une défaite souvent indépassable. De tels retours, l’OIM en a organisé plus de 40 000 depuis 2016. En 2020, ils seront probablement environ 10 000 à saisir l’occasion d’un «  départ volontaire  », dont on mesure à chaque instant l’absurdité de la qualification. Au moins, ceux-là auront-ils mis leur expérience libyenne derrière eux.

    La situation des migrants en Libye est à la fois banale et exceptionnelle. Exceptionnelle en raison de l’intense violence à laquelle ils sont souvent confrontés, du moins pour un grand nombre d’entre eux - la violence des trafiquants et des ravisseurs, la violence du risque de mourir en mer, la violence de la guerre. Mais elle est aussi banale, de manière terrifiante : la différence entre un Érythréen vivant parmi des rats sous le périphérique parisien ou dans un centre de détention à Khoms n’est pas si grande. Leur expérience de la migration est incroyablement violente, leur situation précaire et dangereuse. La situation du Darfouri à Agadez n’est pas bien meilleure, ni celle d’un Afghan de Samos, en Grèce. Il est difficile de ne pas voir cette population, incapable de bouger dans le monde de la mobilité, comme la plus indésirable parmi les indésirables. Ce sont les oubliés.

    https://www.msf-crash.org/index.php/fr/blog/camps-refugies-deplaces/en-libye-les-oublies
    #rapport_d'observation #torture #détention #gardes-côtes_libyens #hypocrisie #UE #EU #Union_européenne #responsabilité #Direction_chargée_de_l’immigration_irrégulière_libyenne (#DCIM) #Dar_El_Jebel #Zintan #montagne #Nafusa (#montagnes_Nafusa) #attente #violence #relocalisation #Niger #Rwanda #réinstallation #vulnérabilité #urban_refugees #Tripoli #réfugiés_urbains #HCR #GDF #OIM #IOM #rapatriement_volontaire #retour_au_pays #retour_volontaire

    ping @_kg_

  • Trump’s separation of families constitutes torture, doctors find | US news | The Guardian

    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/feb/25/trump-family-separations-children-torture-psychology

    The trauma Donald Trump’s administration caused to young children and parents separated at the US-Mexico border constitutes torture, according to evaluations of 26 children and adults by the group Physicians for Human Rights (PHR).

    The not-for-profit group’s report provides the first in-depth look at the psychological impact of family separation, which the US government continued despite warnings from the nation’s top medical bodies.

    #trump #mexique #états-unis #migrations #asile

  • Refugee : The Eritrean exodus
    Série en 5 parties

    Follow Chris Cotter, an American traveler, as he explores a common migration path through Ethiopia and into Israel, tracking the plight of Eritrean refugees. Chris and his crew visit several refugee camps, including the never-before-documented Afar region. The refugees tell stories of oppression, torture, and survival. Searching for solutions, Chris speaks to various NGOs and experts, including Assistant Secretary of State, Anne Richard. The outlook is bleak, but the spirit of the Eritrean refugees is hard to ignore.

    https://www.theeritreanexodus.com

    Part 1 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjouQhlllLY

    Part 2 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WHlK12IOG8

    Part 3 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkDeHGb8uWA

    Part 4 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqP2DQe34wo&t=36s

    Part 5 :
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqS6AadI4rk


    #réfugiés #réfugiés_érythréens #asile #migrations #Erythrée #Ethiopie #camps_de_réfugiés #frontières #histoire #frontière #indépendance #guerre_d'indépendance #Isaias_Afwerki #service_militaire #dictature #prisons #prisons_souterraines #sous-sol #souterrain #torture #enfants #Shire #Aysaita #Adi_Harush #Mai-Aini #Hitsas #viol #trafic_d'êtres_humains #Sinaï #kidnapping #esclavage #esclavage_moderne #néo-esclavage #rançon #Israël
    #film #film_documentaire #série

    –-> Très nord-américain dans le style, mais des images des camps de réfugiés en Ethiopie très parlantes et que je n’avais jamais vues...

    ping @isskein @karine4