Smuggling, Trafficking, and Extortion: New Conceptual and Policy Challenges on the Libyan Route to Europe
This paper contributes a conceptual and empirical reflection on the relationship between human smuggling, trafficking and #kidnapping, and extortion in Libya. It is based on qualitative interview data with Eritrean asylum seekers in Italy. Different tribal regimes control separate territories in Libya, which leads to different experiences for migrants depending on which territory they enter, such as Eritreans entering in the southeast #Toubou controlled territory. We put forth that the kidnapping and extortion experienced by Eritreans in Libya is neither trafficking, nor smuggling, but a crime against humanity orchestrated by an organized criminal network. The paper details this argument and discusses the implications.
▻https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anti.12579
#traite_d'êtres_humains #traite #trafic_d'êtres_humains #Libye #asile #migrations #réfugiés #réfugiés_érythréens #extorsion #crime_contre_l'humanité #cartographie #visualisation
ping @isskein
Libyan #tribal_clashes leave three dead
▻http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/libyan-tribal-clashes-leave-three-dead
Three Libyan tribesmen have been killed in fighting that grew out of disputes between army units under conflicting orders over who controls key resources in the country’s east, officials said Monday. Another five people were wounded in the fighting between Toubou and Zuwayya tribesmen on Sunday night in Ajdabiya, 160 kilometers (100 miles) south of Benghazi. The clashes were sparked by fighting on Friday between one unit made up of Zuwayya, under the orders of the general staff, and a Toubou unit that takes its orders directly from the defense ministry, an official explained. read more
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