• During and After Crisis : Evros Border Monitoring Report

    #HumanRights360 documents the recent developments in the European land border of Evros as a result of the ongoing policy of externalization and militarization of border security of the EU member States. The report analyses the current state of play, in conjunction with the constant amendments of the Greek legislation amid the discussions pertaining to the reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and the Return Directive.

    https://www.humanrights360.org/during-and-after-crisis-evros-border-monitoring-report

    #rapport #Evros #migrations #réfugiés #Grèce #frontières #2019 #militarisation_des_frontières #loi_sur_l'asile #Kleidi #Serres #covid-19 #coronavirus #Turquie #push-backs #refoulements #refoulement #push-back #statistiques #passages #chiffres #frontière_terrestre #murs #barrières_frontalières #Kastanies #violence #Komotini #enfermement #détention #rétention_administrative #Thiva #Fylakio #transferts

    –------
    Pour télécharger le rapport


    https://www.humanrights360.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/During-After-Crisis-Evros.pdf

    ping @luciebacon

  • Grèce : des manifestants empêchent les migrants évacués des îles de rejoindre leurs nouveaux logements

    Plusieurs manifestations ont eu lieu mardi en Grèce continentale afin de protester contre l’arrivée de migrants évacués des camps surpeuplés des îles de la mer Égée. Une centaine de personnes ont ainsi empêché 57 migrants de rejoindre l’hôtel, où ils étaient censés être hébergés.

    Ils ne veulent pas de migrants chez eux et le font savoir. Environ 150 manifestants ont empêché, mardi 5 mai, quelque 50 migrants évacués des îles grecques de la mer Égée d’atteindre un hôtel, où ils étaient censés être logés.

    Les manifestants ont également incendié une chambre du rez-de-chaussée de cet hôtel, situé dans un village de la région de Pella, dans le nord de la Grèce.

    Aucun blessé ni arrestation n’a été signalé. Le confinement lié au coronavirus en Grèce n’autorise pourtant que les rassemblements publics de 10 personnes maximum.

    >> À (re)lire : Lesbos : dans le camp de Moria, « le coronavirus a entraîné le chaos, le stress est énorme »

    Face aux protestataires, le bus transportant les 57 migrants a fait demi-tour et a tenté de rejoindre une autre village de la région. Mais des manifestants ont érigé des barrages sur la route afin d’interdire l’accès à un hôtel local.

    Le groupe a finalement été conduit dans la ville de Thessalonique, où il a été hébergé dans un hôtel local.

    Une cinquantaine de migrants débarquent à Lesbos
    De plus petites manifestations ont également eu lieu dans un hôtel de la région de Kilkis, dans le nord du pays, où 250 demandeurs d’asile de Lesbos ont été emmenés. Les protestations des habitants ont toutefois été de courte durée et les migrants ont pu regagner l’établissement, qui héberge déjà d’autres demandeurs d’asile.

    Le gouvernement grec a promis de réduire la surpopulation dans les camps de migrants des îles de la mer Égée, où s’entassent plus de 36 000 personnes. Il a déjà commencé à en évacuer quelques centaines vers le continent.

    Si les mesures de restrictions de déplacements imposées par les gouvernements grec et turc pour lutter contre la pandémie de coronavirus, ont considérablement réduit le nombre d’arrivées sur les îles, les débarquements semblent reprendre ces derniers jours.

    Mercredi, une embarcation composée de 50 personnes est en effet arrivée sur l’île de Lesbos, une première depuis le 1er avril. Le canot est arrivé dans la partie nord-ouest de l’île, loin des zones de débarquements traditionnelles pour les arrivées de migrants.

    Les nouveaux arrivants ne pourront pas rejoindre le camp de Moria, ils doivent rester 14 jours en quarantaine pour empêcher la possible propagation du Covid-19.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/24584/grece-des-manifestants-empechent-les-migrants-evacues-des-iles-de-rejo

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Lesbos #Moria #Evacuation #Transfert #Grècecontinentale #Hotel #Manifestations

  • Lesbos : près de 400 migrants évacués vers le continent

    Les autorités grecques ont transféré dimanche 392 migrants du camp de Moria, sur l’île de Lesbos, vers le continent. Deux mille autres devraient également être évacués vers la Grèce continentale dans les semaines à venir.

    C’est une première étape pour désengorger les camps de migrants des îles grecques de la mer Egée.

    Dimanche 3 mai, deux groupes de 142 et 250 migrants, considérés comme « vulnérables », ont été transférés à bord de ferries de Lesbos vers le port du Pirée près d’Athènes.

    Il s’agit du premier transfert massif de demandeurs d’asile du camp de Moria, depuis le début du confinement imposé par le gouvernement grec le 23 mars pour endiguer la propagation du coronavirus.

    Le dernier important transfert avait eu lieu le 20 mars : 600 personnes avaient alors quitté les camps des îles, avant deux groupes moins nombreux quelques jours plus tard.

    10 000 personnes transférées au cours du premier trimestre
    La surpopulation dans les camps grecs inquiète les associations, qui redoutent une crise sanitaire si le virus s’y propage. Au total, près de 37 000 personnes vivent dans des conditions épouvantables dans les cinq camps des îles de la mer Egée, dont plus de 19 000 pour celui de Moria, à Lesbos.

    Les ONG réclament depuis des mois l’accélération des transferts vers le continent. Mais le plan de décongestionnement des camps à connu un nouveau retard après l’apparition de la pandémie et les mesures de restrictions imposées par les autorités.

    Outre les 392 migrants qui ont quitté Lesbos dimanche, 2 000 autres seront transférés graduellement dans les semaines à venir vers la Grèce continentale.

    Au cour du premier trimestre, 10 000 personnes ont quitté les îles pour le continent, a récemment indiqué le ministre des Migrations et de l’Asile, Notis Mitarachi.

    Ce dernier s’est rendu à Moria dimanche pour inaugurer un centre médical installé dans le camps, afin d’y effectuer des tests de dépistage pour les demandeurs d’asile.

    Des cas de contamination ont été repérés dans deux camps et un hôtel de migrants dans la partie continentale du pays, avec 150 personnes testées positives. Jusqu’à présent aucun cas n’a été signalé dans les camps situés sur les îles.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/24504/lesbos-pres-de-400-migrants-evacues-vers-le-continent

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Lesbos #Moria #Evacuation #Transfert #Grècecontinentale

  • AYS Daily Digest 05/05/20

    Releasing first hand testimony and photographic evidence indicating the existence of violent collective expulsions

    Border Violence Monitoring Network, Wave-Thessaloniki and Mobile Info Team have published a press release: Collective Expulsion from Greek Centres on Tuesday:
    “In response to the recent spike in pushbacks from Greece to Turkey, (we) are releasing first hand testimony and photographic evidence indicating the existence of violent collective expulsions. In the space of six weeks, the teams received reports of 194 people removed and pushed back into Turkey from the refugee camp in Diavata and the Drama Paranesti Pre-removal Detention Centre.”
    “In the case of Diavata, respondents report being removed from this accomodation centre by police with the information that they would be issued a document to temporarily regularise their stay (informally known as a “Khartia”). Instead they shared experiences of being beaten, robbed and detained before being driven to the border area where military personnel used boats to return them to Turkey across the Evros river. Meanwhile, another large group was taken from detention in Drama Paranesti and expelled with the same means. Though the pushbacks seem to be a regular occurence from Greece to Turkey, rarely have groups been removed from inner city camps halfway across the territory or at such a scale from inland detention spaces. Within the existing closure of the Greek asylum office and restriction measures due to COVID-19, the repression of asylum seekers and wider transit community looks to have reached a zenith in these cases.”
    The collected evidence comes from cases on 31st March 2020, 16th April 2020, 17th April 2020, 23rd April 2020, and two separate cases on 28th April 2020. Many of the cases involved people being pushed into vans from Diavata camp and driven to the Turkish border to be expelled.

    There are still more reports of recent mysterious pushbacks not yet accounted for. On April 30th, dozens of people saw a small inflatable boat of about 10 to 15 people reach the shore of Chios, when the Greek Navy appeared on site to tow them “away.” Chios MP Andreas Michailidis spoke about the incident:
    “If the suspicions expressed in the reports are confirmed, the Greek government is seriously exposed and fully responsible for the consequences of its practices.”
    Josoor Blog just published an editorial on “Pushed around Europe: The story of a young man who was pushed back more than 15 times.” It’s not an easy read, but if you need to see the bravery in the human spirit right about now, take a look. This young man’s story also evidences the absolutely inhumanity of pushbacks occurring in Europe. They were intolerable and breaking international law before COVID-19, and they continue up until now…

    *

    Residents in northern Greece protest arrival of 300 vulnerable asylum seekers to hotel, transfer oversaw by IOM

    After Tuesday’s Press conference with the General Police Director of the North Aegean, journalist Franziska Grillmeier laid out some excellent points behind the disturbing fact that most of the fines for COVID-19 restrictions were given to refugees:

    “Background: During this time, over 3 big fires broke out in Moria + Vathy, causing hundreds of people to flee for a safe place. Many inhabitants of #Moria were also fined in front of Supermarket, where ppl got basics like flour, oil + diapers that weren’t provided in Camp.
    Additionally: many inhabitants couldn’t charge phone with credit — since they were not allowed to travel to Mytilini anymore to charge. Hence, SMS to communte could rarely be sent. ALSO, people report to be left without information on COVIDー19 regulations for most time.
    While not to forget that up to 19,000 men, children + women are currently trapped in a space made for 2,840 alone in Moria. Women with disabilities, women giving birth, newborn children, elderly men with movement difficulties in olive grove fields + with no future outlook.”

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-daily-digest-05-05-20-photographic-evidence-first-hand-testimony-greece-

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Diavata #Paranesti #Expulsions #Expulsionscollectives #turquie #incendie #moria #vathi #transfert #hôtel

  • AYS Digest 04/05/2020

    BOSNIA-AND-HERZEGOVINA

    Man Living in Ušivak Camp Killed, Family Accuses Security Guard
    Ahmed Mahmoud Omar was a 53-year-old Kurdish man living in the Sarajevo-based camp along with his wife and four children. He was hospitalized in late March because of injuries, the family claim, a guard inflicted on him. Over the weekend, the family found out that he had passed away.

    In an interview for N1, Mohammed, one of Omar’s children, explained how his father was brutally beaten by a guard during a fight in the camp. The family had to fight to have him admitted to the hospital and received no information about his situation, let alone permission to visit, until the news of his death. This is far from the first time the private security firms hired by IOM to manage the Bosnian camps have been accused of violence.

    Peter van der Auweraert, the Western Balkans Coordinator for the IOM, published a statement on his personal Facebook and Twitter accounts, where he says the man was injured “during a fight between two national groups,” and then goes on to praise IOM’s staff response to the situation. He did not mention the role of the security guard until people in the comments asked him to address the allegations, and then he said that he cannot comment further because of the ongoing criminal investigation.

    The official UNHCR Bosnia and IOM Bosnia Facebook pages did not share any words of sympathy or information about the incident. Even if they cannot publish details because of the investigation, they should at least inform the public about what is happening inside the camps that they are managing.

    *

    GREECE

    Tensions Rise Across Greece as Government Doesn’t Deliver on its Promises

    The situation is becoming more and more tense on the Greek island camps, as well as on the mainland and in Athens.
    On the Aegean Islands, the Minister of Immigration’s ending of the plan to transfer 2300 vulnerable people from the overcrowded camps to the mainland has angered many residents. Workers at Samos camp said this was a big factor behind the anger that led to last week’s fires. This just added to existing frustrations about camp lockdowns, hours-long food lines, and dangerous, unsanitary conditions.
    Also on the Greek islands, more and more reports are coming in of illegal pushbacks where people actually land on Greek soil, then are put on inflatable rafts by the Greek coast guard and put out to sea and all official records of the landing are released. Another incident like this happened in Chios a few days ago. The landing was witnessed by multiple people but the arrivals were never recorded and an article about the arrival on a local site was allegedly deleted.
    In an interview, Minister Mitarakis did not mention these illegal pushbacks, but talked about his government’s “decongestion” efforts on the islands and expanding who can be returned to Turkey.
    Even employees of the Greek asylum service are unsatisfied — their union is continuing to strike after 16 workers, including several senior members, did not have their contracts renewed.
    For the few “lucky” people transferred to the mainland, worries continue. In the northern Greek village of Mouries, people were supposed to be housed in a local hotel but villagers protested their arrival and blocked them from entering the hotel.

    Those Greeks that want to help vulnerable people, including people on the move, are often stopped from doing so by the authorities, as seen by this video from Exarcheia where police show up in armor and helmets to — a food collection.

    People on the move are stuck in crowded camps without enough food, suffer violent pushbacks, and even their allies are harassed by the Greek state. This cannot continue!

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-digest-04-05-2020-man-in-bosnian-camp-killed-family-accuses-security-gua

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Bosnie-Herzégovine #Mort #Ušivak #violence #Ilesgrecques #Camp #tensions #transfert

  • AYS Weekend Digest 2–3/5/2020

    392 people on their way from Moria to the mainland
    On Sunday, while migration and asylum minister Mitarakis visited Moria camp on the island of Lesvos, 392 people were bussed from Moria to the port of Mytilini.

    As confirmed by several sources, they had all a ticket to Athens but it is still not clear where they will be taken on the mainland. They reached Pireaus port in Attica, on two different ferries this morning.

    While the evacuation of the Greek eastern islands has to carry on, transfers to mainland camps are not the solution, especially if these are closed structures, where ‘residents’ find themselves even more cut off from the rest of society.

    *

    Tension rises again on Lesvos due to minister Mitarakis visit
    Refocus Media Lab reports of new moments of tension and violence against NGO workers on Sunday. Locals protested and held road blocks against the visit of minister Mitarakis in Moria.

    *

    Lockdown is lifted, but not for all
    From today, Monday 4th of May, lockdown measures are gradually lifted throughout Greece. This means that as of today, it is not necessary to text or write a note to go outside.
    This measure is applied to everyone in Greece, refugees and citizens, with the exception of the residents of the RICs on the islands of Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Leros and Kos and the structures under lockdown on the mainland due to outbreaks of coronavirus (Ritsona camp, Malakasa camp, Kranidi accommodation).
    Still, some measures are in place for the next weeks. Mobile Info Team has published an overview about the lifting of the measures and what will reopen when: https://www.mobileinfoteam.org/lifting-restriction
    Also, from today, masks are compulsory in public indoor spaces, read more in English and French below, or follow the links for Arabic, Farsi and Urdu versions.

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-weekend-digest-2-3-5-2020-392-people-evacuated-from-moria-but-where-to-a
    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Lesbos #Moria #Transfert #Athènes #Tension #Déconfinement #Chios #Samos #Leros #Kos #Ritsona #Malakasa #Kranidi

  • AYS Daily Digest 30/04/20

    FINLAND

    Finland has agreed to accept one hundred unaccompanied refugee children from camps in Greece and another 30 adult asylum seekersunder the framework of family reunification. A Wednesday telephone conversation between Deputy Minister of Migration Giorgos Koumoutsakos and Finnish Interior Minister Olly-Poika Parviainen sealed the deal.
    Finland is the latest of a number of EU countries who have offered their assistance to Greece. Germany and Luxembourg accepted 47 and 12 unaccompanied children last week, respectively.
    Whilst this move by Finland is clearly welcome, it fails to systemically address the suffering of the tens of thousands of people being forced to live in squalor and inhumane conditions in the overcrowded refugee camps of Greece.

    GREECE

    Aegean Boat Report has broken the news that a boat carrying approximately 30 people landed on north-west Samos on Thursday morning. The NGO reports that the boat’s occupants managed to walk to a nearby village and asked the residents to call the police to let them know they had arrived. A number of village residents witnessed the arriving asylum seekers, but after the port police arrived and transported the people out of the area, there has been no further knowledge of their whereabouts.
    When port police in Karlovasi were confronted with questions about these new arrivals, they stated that there had been no arrivals on Samos in the area of Drakaioi.
    Aegean Boat Report on Facebook Watch
    Tuesday morning a boat landed on Samos north west, the boat was carrying approximately 30 people. They managed to walk…

    An open letter to the European Commission has been published by a collection of NGOs, asking the commission to “urgently assist Greece in evacuating the 38,700 people living in the camps of the Aegean Islands.”
    The letter:
    “Severe overcrowding and a lack of adequate accommodation and services have led to incidents of violence before. This is the second time in less than a year that a large area of the camp has burned down. On 14 October 2019, the tents and belongings of more than 700 people were lost. We voiced our outrage, and yet, little has been done to decongest the camp. This week, these same factors, combined with tension due to restrictive measures against COVID-19, resulted in the fires….
    “These fires are not unique to Samos. Regrettably, there have been similar incidents since September 2019 on both Chios and Lesvos, in which three people have lost their lives…These incidents and fatalities are the direct consequence of deficient European solidarity. The EU must move beyond the “hotspot approach” and revise the EU-Turkey Statement, which has proven itself to be not only inefficient but also inhumane.”

    BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

    The European Commission announced today that it is making €4.5 million accessible to Bosnia and Herzegovina to help provide immediate humanitarian assistance to vulnerable refugees and migrants. This money shall be used to access comprehensive health and protection assistance. This will bring the amount of humanitarian assistance provided by to Bosnia and Herzegovina to €10.3 million since 2018.
    President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen said: “We have a special responsibility to assist in this pandemic our partners in the Western Balkans, as their future clearly lies in European Union. The EU is mobilising a substantial financial package, confirming the strong solidarity. Together we will overcome this crisis and recover. And beyond that, we will continue to support the region, including with the reforms needed on their EU path, as the recovery will only work effectively if the countries keep delivering on their commitments.”
    Janez Lenarčič, Commissioner for Crisis Management, said: “The EU continues to support the most vulnerable refugees and migrants in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We announce today €4.5 million to help meet the humanitarian needs that are especially high now due to the ongoing coronavirus outbreak. We will not leave our neighbours in the Western Balkans alone.”
    This massive support package provided by the EU was announced just as the security minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina announced their plans to forcibly deport migrants out of the country in the midst of the Coronavirus outbreak. The initiative follows a decision on April 16 by the Council of Ministers of BiH on the Restriction of Movement and Stay of Foreigners.

    NETHERLANDS
    The European Council on Refugee and Exiles shared an interview with Femke de Vries, a policy officer for Asylum Dutch Council for Refugees, who is currently campaigning to ensure that the Dutch government joins the efforts of 11 other European countries in relocating unaccompanied children from the Greek island camps. Currently, Femke de Vries’s campaign has resulted in a published manifesto in a prominent newspaper with more than 100 sound signatories; among these are prominent former politicians — including from the political parties CDA (Christian democrats) and VVD (liberals), which voted against the relocation.
    To read the interview and hear more about their work, please follow the link below.

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-daily-digest-30-04-20-maltese-government-official-admits-to-coordinating

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Finlande #transfert #mineursnonaccompagnés #Camp #Samos #Arrivées #Ilesgrecques #Bosnie-Herzégovine #Pays-Bas

  • AYS Daily Digest 29/04/2020

    Moria Residents Protest Conditions in Camp
    Early Wednesday morning, a group of Moria residents protested in front of the gates of the camp. The protest is part of a series of weekly demonstrations against the conditions in the camps, which have always been unsanitary but now become even more potentially deadly in the face of the global coronavirus pandemic. The organizers and participants are international — last week the demonstration was made up mostly of Afghan residents, while this week it was mostly residents from Africa who turned out.

    People are protesting against unsanitary conditions in the camp and overcrowding that could easily be solved if the rest of the European Union did its duty and accepted asylum seekers.

    The Greek government is claiming that 400 asylum seekers will be relocated from Moria to the mainland next Sunday, at a ceremony that will even be attended by Notis Mitarakis, the Minister for Asylum and Immigration. Residents and media are not trusting this announcement, because last weekend a different planned transport for 1500 people was cancelled. Even if several hundred “lucky” people are allowed to leave Moria, the camp will still be thousands over capacity and the conditions for those who remain will still be terrible.
    Instead of improving conditions in the camps or addressing the concerns of residents when they rightfully pointed out how deadly an outbreak would be, Mitarakis said on Wednesday that there are no cases so far in island hotspots and implied that the government’s response should be praised because … they carry out daily checks. Never mind that most residents of island camps don’t have access to running water, basic hygienic supplies, or enough space to social distance properly! 130 people who were detained on beach camps in the North of Lesvos and were finally transferred to Moria recently don’t even have any kind of shelter within the camp. In an interview with Mission Lifeline, a mother stuck in Moria talks about the dangerous, unhygienic conditions her and her children are forced to live in.
    There are many examples of International organizations and NGOs are trying to help, such as by donating medical equipment to the hospital on Lesvos, but it is not enough.

    Even if the Greek government is ignoring the protests of people in Moria, we must not! Something must be done to fix the situation in island camps.

    Government Uses COVID-19 As an Excuse to Deport, Another Crack Down on People on the Move
    Following yesterday’s report by AYS of a potential illegal pushback from Diavata camp, Greek news broke the story that another group of 30 people “disappeared” from Samos. Witnesses from the village of Drakakia saw a group of people land on the island’s shore. The group later came in the village and as is customary, asked residents to notify the police. A vehicle arrived to pick them up but their arrival was never registered and the police are denying the incident occurred.

    Aegean Boat Report published video footage of another incident where a boat was captured by the Turkish Coast Guard. However, the Greek Coast Guard was at the ready to push back the boat if it crossed into Greek waters, showing that despite the pandemic, the government is continuing its illegal border violence campaign. Either people are pushed back in the sea and left to drown or if they are able to reach land, they are pushed back without being registered or allowed to apply for asylum.
    In the same statement where he talked about coronavirus, Minister Mitarakis claimed that there have been no arrivals in April. This is clearly untrue — people are still arriving in Greece, the Greek government is just pushing them back, breaking international law by refusing to register them, and lying to the media.
    Journalists, NGOs, and people on the move have already exposed the Greek government’s illegal pushbacks, which are often done in unsafe liferafts that have a high risk of capsizing at sea. To deport people during a pandemic, when international travel is mostly banned and most countries have stopped repatriations, is even more dangerous and immoral.
    In addition to illegal deportations, the Greek government is using emergency coronavirus response measures as an excuse to target the most vulnerable, including people on the move. Mitarakis said the government might deny asylum to people found violating coronavirus emergency measures. While a Greek citizen flouting government regulations will only have to pay a fine, a non-citizen could lose their entire future and be deported to an unsafe country for the same violation. It’s also much harder for asylum seekers living in crowded camps to follow government regulations about social distancing in the first place. In addition to penalties being harsher for people on the move than for Greeks, police are targeting the most vulnerable with tickets and fines. 81 homeless asylum seekers in Thessaloniki reported being fined for leaving their home — which they don’t even have. The police specifically target the homeless by waiting outside a camp people use to shower and distributing tickets. If the government actually cared about stopping the spread, they would find homes or at least temporary housing for these people. The only outcome of their current actions is abuse of power.

    SLOVENIA
    Slovenia To Accept Unaccompanied Minors
    Slovenia has finally agreed to step up and accept unaccompanied minors from Greece — but they will only accept four children. They also said that the children must be younger than ten — because eleven-year-olds are dangerous and do not deserve a safe home. The children are expected to arrive at the end of May.
    While Slovenia is a small country, to accept less than five children and to publicize that fact is absurd. Luxembourg, which has about a quarter of Slovenia’s population, has taken three times as many children (which is still low, considering the thousands that are held in Greek camps).

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/protests-in-moria-camp-again-12638f897e6f

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Moria #Lesbos #Protestation #Manifestation #Transfert #Camp #Diavata #Samos #Drakakia #Slovénie #Mineursnonaccompagnés

  • AYS Daily Digest 28/04/20

    Camp residents from Diavata camp near Thessaloniki sent AYS footage of a police raid

    They took over 30 people to an unknown location, after entering the camp in riot gear and forcing people into vans. They targeted the people who were camping in tents and improvised shelters in the grounds of the centre.
    There is serious concern that new legislation for the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the recent asylum suspension, has resulted in an increase of people being removed from camps in Greece in April, and more pushbacks being conducted to Turkey. It is expected that this is the probable fate for 30 people from Tuesday morning.
    Eye witnesses inside Diavata camp report the use of violence to arrest those 30 people. Many others in the camp fled fearing capture and possible removal. Volunteers spoke to one man who alleges his friend was taken and had still not heard from him.

    Update on fires in Samos

    On Sunday, fires broke out in Samos’s Vathy camp. Frances, a volunteer for Action for Education, documented what happened:
    “Tensions peaked at 6pm, it was then the first fire began to blaze. After dark, a second fire started, it burned 6 containers. The next morning a third fire began. Estimations suggest 500 people lost everything, they now have no place to stay. MSF went outside the camp to set up a medical first response with psychosocial support. NGOs started distributing blankets before being stopped by police.
    The next day (Monday), police prevented camp residents from entering town. Authorities continue to have limited communication with NGOs but tent distributions have been able to take place. Displaced people have been left to sleep on the ‘football pitch’ outside the camp. This is really just a gravel square. There are rumours that people escaped to the beaches to sleep. Tensions continue to be high in the camp, there are rumours that the ‘war’ is not over. This ‘war’ refers to community in-fighting as people struggle for supplies. Limited resources result in a power imbalance that fuels tensions.
    The atmosphere has calmed now, but many camp residents still live in fear. We have heard reports from NGOs that minors in camp are pleading for shelter as they are worried they will be ‘mixed up in the war’…”
    In an update from Samos Volunteers, they say the causes of the fires are still unclear, but tensions between various communities living in the camp have risen due to overcrowding conditions on top of Covid-19 fears. More here.

    Mission Lifeline has raised 55,000 euros in donations in order to fly 150 refugees currently in Lesvos to Germany. Lifeline’s spokesperson Axel Steier said:
    “With this sum, one could finance two Boeing 747–300 flights and get around 150 people from the Moria refugee camp in Lesbos…The association has a total of 110,000 euros available for the planned construction of a civil airlift between Lesbos and Berlin.”
    All they are waiting for is permission from the Interior Minister since negotiations with the Greek service provider have concluded well. More here.

    In an update from Legal Centre Lesvos on the gunman’s trial who shot two people living in Moria last week:

    “At the gunman’s two pre-trial hearings, yesterday and last Friday, tens of people — including known members of the far-right, one of whom had been convicted in February 2020 for making online threats against a Lesvos Solidarity — Pikpa coordinator — stood outside the court to support him. The police made no effort to disperse the group, despite Covid-19 measures which prohibit leaving one’s house except for state-sanctioned reasons such as for essential shopping, exercise, and doctor visits, and prohibit any public gatherings. When journalists arrived to the scene and were harrassed by the gunman’s supporters, police instructed them — but not those insulting them — to leave for their own safety.
    At his pretrial hearing, the gunman, who admitted to having shot at the two migrants, was released from detention on pre-trial bail and was charged with attempted premeditated murder. Migrants who have been charged with lesser and non-violent crimes — such as alleged stealing of sheep — have been ordered by the same court to wait in pre-trial detention, which is sometimes up to a year of imprisonment, demonstrating the discriminatory use of pre-trial detention to punish and further criminalize migrants.
    The authorities’ open tolerance of fascist violence in Lesvos and the discriminatory application of the law to target migrants — by the police, the municipal government, and the court — now means that members of the far-right act with impunity, while migrants face punishment for the legitimate exercise of their rights.”

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-daily-digest-28-04-20-police-raid-in-diavata-camp-near-thessaloniki-fear

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Diavata #Thessalonique #Arrestation #Camp #Samos #incendie #Vathi #Lesbos #Allemagne #Transfert #Moria #Incident

  • AYS Weekend Digest 25–26/4/2020

    FIRES AT VATHI, SAMOS
    Many reports confirm that at least two separate fires broke out within Vathi camp on Samos on Sunday evening and one more this morning (Monday).
    As Samos Volunteers report, the first fire, which started around 7pm, “was located in the area directly behind the medical facilities at the lower end of the unofficial jungle, which function as temporary shelters for potential Corona patients. An unknown number of tents were burnt before the local fire brigade managed to control and finally extinguish the fire.”
    After that, it seems that there were other repeated fires at 8pm and 10pm. A fire “reached the centre of the official camp. Several containers have caught fire. Besides housing most of the camp’s facilities, including the asylum service, the containers provide shelter for many camp residents, who share a container with as many as sixty people”.
    As MSF report, at least 100 people are left without shelter:
    Throughout the night, evacuation operations have been going on. It is not yet clear the extent of the damage. Most people left the camp and gathered on a empty plot of land. While solidarians and organisations on the ground tried to assist residents providing shelter, tents, medical assistance, food and water, fights and moments of tensions broke out and riot police entered the camp multiple times. In the night police stopped any kind of assistance or distribution.

    Evacuation at Vathi (Samos) — Photo by AYS
    A new fire broke out this morning.
    Despite the fires, we have confirmed reports that police continue to stop every kind of distribution, and are not letting anybody get into town.
    Around 700 people are being held in a bit of empty land in front of the camp, without adequate access to food or water, women and children included.
    This fire followed the ones in Moria (Lesvos) and Vial (Chios) in the last weeks. As of April 23, 6869 people were recorded living in Vathi camp, with a capacity of 648 people. The population density is the highest in the centre of the camp, where the fire burned most intense.
    These fires are nothing other than the natural consequence of Greek and European policies: keeping people crammed in overcrowded spaces, using the fear of the pandemic to implement widespread detention for all people on the move, stripping them even more of their basic rights, and barring them from participating in society.

    LESVOS: Updates from Moria
    In Moria, the situation is not getting any better. After the halt to the plan to transfer the most vulnerable residents to empty hotels, no other solution has been proposed to decongest the camp. 18293 is the official population (as of April 23rd). Food lines take hours, at least 1000 people don’t get food because there is not enough. There is also not enough water.
    With the limitations of movement outside the camp and the racist policies of supermarkets around Moria which are now prohibiting camp residents from going in, people can only shop in the one supermarket inside the camp, with waiting times of up to three days:
    Team Humanity is crowdfunding to distribute 3,500 food packs. They are doing food distribution for those who cannot stay in the food lines. Support hem HERE.
    Residents are doing what they can to improve the situation, the Moria Corona Awareness Team are starting to recycle water bottles to reduce the amount of waste in the camp.

    MAINLAND: Suicide in police detention
    A young man, who was detained in Komotini police station (Northeastern Greece) hanged himself over the weekend. He had been reportedly sentenced to several years in prison for people smuggling. According to the report authored by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) on conditions of detention in Greece: “ill-treatment by the police.. against foreign nationals.. remains a frequent practice”. Around 6,000 people on the move, including minors, are under arrest in the country.

    From the Mothers of Malakasa
    There are reports of frequent water cuts in Malakasa camp (in Attica), which worsen the conditions during quarantine. Refugees report additional sanitary infrastructure for the more than 400 newcomers living in tents was installed but has not yet been connected.
    “How should we wash our hands without water,” a mother asks.
    Read the call for help from mothers in the quarantined Malakasa refugee camp HERE.

    BiH
    Local media has published a further update on the Bosnian Government’s aim to deport all people on the move. They wish to compile a list of 9000–10,000 people to be deported and are once again framing this as a security crisis rather than a humanitarian one. They have also made it clear that they are struggling to identify the people currently in Bosnian territory meaning that they can not have gone through a proper asylum process. As we know, everybody has the right to claim asylum regardless of where they come from or the recognition rate of their country.
    Meanwhile, as usual it is local people and grass roots groups, not the government, who are actually supporting people on the move.

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-weekend-digest-25-26-4-2020-fires-at-vathi-samos-c7535d761c51

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Bosnie-Herzégovine #Camp #Samos #Vathi #Incendie #Evacuation #Lesbos #Moria #Transfert #Hôtel #Komotini #Suicide #Malakasa #Expulsion

  • AYS Daily Digest 24/4/20

    GREECE

    After residents and local authorities in mainland Greece mobilised against plans to relocate 2,000 vulnerable refugees and asylum seekers, the Greek Minister of Immigration and Asylum, Notis Mitarakis, announced that the plans would be deferred. Additionally, the decision by the Greek Prime Minister Mitsotakis to extend the lockdown until May 4th also contributed to the decision to stop the relocation process.
    Following pressure from the European Commission, the Greek government planned to relocate vulnerable asylum seekers from the overcrowded migrant reception centres where they are currently being housed and move them to the facilities on the mainland. Vulnerable migrants include unaccompanied minors, people with disabilities, pregnant women and new mothers, the elderly and victims of rape and torture. The decision to attempt to rehouse the asylum seekers was made due to the fears the current conditions within the Aegean camps would provide fertile conditions for the spread of the coronavirus. In the first quarter of 2020, the government had already transferred 10,000 people, but in April had only managed to relocate 627 people, leading NGO and rights groups to reaffirm their warning of the potential health crisis that could develop if camp overcrowding and poor sanitation is not immediately addressed. Recently, in southern Greece, 470 asylum seekers have been placed in quarantine in a hotel due to a third of them testing positive for COVID-19, again highlighting the human cost of the Greek government’s inability to effectively manage the situation.
    To date, the IOM said it remains unclear where the migrants will be staying. Mr Mitarakis additionally announced that within 2020 the existing programme of hosting asylum seekers in hotel rooms across Greece will be abolished. One source suggested that the community, local mayor and municipal councils within Messolonghi in Western Greece opposed the plans to rehouse migrants under the demand that the hotels in which they may have been housed stay free for the upcoming tourist season.
    An indictment has been submitted in accordance with article 42 of the code of criminal procedure following the shooting of four asylum seekers in Lesvos, previously reported on by Are You Syrious. The Racist Crimes Observatory in a letter to the General Regional Police Directorate of North Aegean affirms that due to the nationality of the victim and the frequency of similar attacks against migrants and refugees, it is unacceptable that this crime is not being investigated in line with Article 82A of the Penal Code, and this is being deemed to have racist characteristics.
    Racist Crimes Watch shared the press release from the police:
    The perpetrator of yesterday’s incident of injury of foreigners in Lesvos was immediately arrested. A shotgun and ammunition were confiscated.
    The Mytilene Security Sub-Directorate, after a systematic and thorough investigation, managed in a short period of time to identify the person who yesterday (22–04–2020) in the afternoon at a rural location in Lesvos, shot with a shotgun and injured two foreigners.
    He is a citizen, who was arrested today (23–04–2020) in the afternoon in Mytilene, while at the same time the hunting weapon that used two cartridges was confiscated. A criminal case was filed against the detainee for attempted murder with intent and violation of the law on weapons.
    The arrested person will be taken to the competent Prosecutor’s Office, while the investigations and the preliminary investigation will be carried out by the Mytilene Security Sub-Directorate.

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-daily-digest-24-4-20-maltas-involvement-in-illegal-pushbacks-b4256850d1e

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Transfert #Lesbos #Mort #Crime

  • AYS Daily Digest 23/4/20

    GREECE
    Lesvos — While some get shot at, others fear going for food
    The two people who had been shot while the recent peaceful protest was on, were reportedly shot about seven kilometers away from Moria, with a hunting rifle. They claimed they had been “going for a walk,” unrelated to the events at the camp.
    As InfoMigrants stated, “although the motive for this attack has not been clarified, dpa also reported that in March anti-migrant extremists had been known to attack migrants and humanitarian workers on the island.
    They also said that theft had increased around the Moria camp in recent years and is often reported. Again though, there is no clear link to what the migrants may, or may not, have been doing when they were shot at.”
    Reaching food presents a daily fear and a problem for thousands in Moria. Many people reportedly choose to cook themselves if they can get supplies of food, while others fear to queue for food in the camp due to the risk of Covid-19 infection.
    In the Malakasa camp, quarantine continues. At the same time in Corinth and Grevena, camps run by the IOM, apparently there are no doctors available, thus no healthcare provided for the people held inside the camps under the internationally agreed standards, whose minimums define the number of health workers available, and define health care as one of the basics available to the people. As we heard this information from a number of different sources, we hope for some clear scrutiny and reporting on such practices that are present in different places not only in Greece, but along the Balkan route, namely in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well.

    BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
    Forcing deportations, regardless of what others think
    The minister of security of Bosnia and Herzegovina announced at the press conference that the plan to deport migrants currently in Bosnia and Herzegovina is ongoing. He stated that “many of those people are terrorists sleepers and that almost everyone hides their real identity”. Therefore, Bosnia and Herzegovina intends to deport all of them, and he said that, instead of providing funds for keeping the people inside the country, he wishes the EU would help them send those people back. He is aware that “some countries in the EU might not be in favour” of his idea, but that is the official plan. He also stated that the Pakistani ambassador will be named persona non grata because he seems to be against the idea. The Bosnian “diplomacy” is yet to receive any real criticism from the international community, and it will be interesting to see which country or organisation will feel blameless enough to point their finger first… The situation for people on the move across Bosnia and Herzegovina has only been worsening, if that is still possible, and we hope that the support for the opening of the Lipa camp in the middle of nowhere will not be considered the maximum the international community can do and the optimal solution for all those people stuck in the area.

    THE NETHERLANDS
    Refusing to take in unaccompanied minors
    The Netherlands has refused to take in any of the children, despite repeated appeals, and the willingness of 43 separate local authorities to house them.
    Over 100 politicians, celebrities and local authorities have urged the Dutch government to take in some of the 2,500 children who are living in squalid refugee camps on Greek islands without parents or guardians, Dutch media report.

    https://medium.com/are-you-syrious/ays-daily-digest-23-4-20-will-austria-be-deporting-to-serbia-95fc284c019f

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Pays-Bas #Bosnie-Herzégovine #Mineursnonaccompagnés #Transfert #Expulsion #Malakasa #Corinth #Grevena #Camp #Lesbos #Moria

  • Grèce : un millier de migrants transférés de camps vers des hôtels vides

    Quelque mille réfugiés vulnérables des camps surpeuplés des îles grecques ont été transférés temporairement dans des hôtels au regard des dangers inhérents à la pandémie de #Covid-19. La commissaire européenne aux Affaires intérieures Ylva Johansson l’a annoncé mardi.


    https://twitter.com/ylvajohansson/status/1250010065098149888

    Les migrants sont transportés des camps de Lesbos et d’autres îles vers des hôtels vides, a écrit la politicienne suédoise sur Twitter. Elle a tenu à remercier l’Agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés, l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations, le gouvernement grec et la Commission européenne pour leurs efforts en vue de rendre cela possible. Ylva Johansson a également salué la générosité du peuple grec.

    « Les valeurs de l’Union européenne en pratique, même en ces temps difficiles », a-t-elle écrit dans son tweet.

    Certains migrants ont été transférés dans des hôtels vacants mardi, d’autres suivront mercredi, a ajouté un porte-parole.

    Selon le ministre grec compétent, près de 10.000 migrants ont déjà fait un tel voyage lors des trois premiers mois de l’année.

    En vertu de l’accord entre l’Union européenne et la Turquie, les migrants peuvent être renvoyés en Turquie uniquement depuis les îles.

    Politiciens et ONG ont demandé à plusieurs reprises que les camps de migrants soient complètement vidés étant donné leur surpopulation et les déplorables conditions d’hygiène. Si leur capacité est officiellement estimée à 7.000 places, près de 40.000 migrants sont actuellement présents dans les camps de Lesbos, Samos, Kos, Leros et Chios.

    https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_grece-un-millier-de-migrants-transferes-de-camps-vers-des-hotels-vides?i
    #transferts #hôtels #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Grèce #îles #HCR #OIM #IOM

    –---

    Ajouté à la métaliste migrations / tourisme :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/770799

  • Grèce : un millier de migrants transférés de camps vers des hôtels vides

    Quelque mille réfugiés vulnérables des camps surpeuplés des îles grecques ont été transférés temporairement dans des hôtels au regard des dangers inhérents à la pandémie de Covid-19. La commissaire européenne aux Affaires intérieures Ylva Johansson l’a annoncé mardi.

    Les migrants sont transportés des camps de Lesbos et d’autres îles vers des hôtels vides, a écrit la politicienne suédoise sur Twitter. Elle a tenu à remercier l’Agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés, l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations, le gouvernement grec et la Commission européenne pour leurs efforts en vue de rendre cela possible. Ylva Johansson a également salué la générosité du peuple grec.

    « Les valeurs de l’Union européenne en pratique, même en ces temps difficiles », a-t-elle écrit dans son tweet.

    Certains migrants ont été transférés dans des hôtels vacants mardi, d’autres suivront mercredi, a ajouté un porte-parole.

    Selon le ministre grec compétent, près de 10.000 migrants ont déjà fait un tel voyage lors des trois premiers mois de l’année.

    En vertu de l’accord entre l’Union européenne et la Turquie, les migrants peuvent être renvoyés en Turquie uniquement depuis les îles.

    Politiciens et ONG ont demandé à plusieurs reprises que les camps de migrants soient complètement vidés étant donné leur surpopulation et les déplorables conditions d’hygiène. Si leur capacité est officiellement estimée à 7.000 places, près de 40.000 migrants sont actuellement présents dans les camps de Lesbos, Samos, Kos, Leros et Chios.

    https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_grece-un-millier-de-migrants-transferes-de-camps-vers-des-hotels-vides?i

    #Covid-19 #Migration #Migrant #Grèce #Camp #Hôtel #Transfert

  • Le #camp de #Nea_Kavala en #Grèce

    Dans l’Union européenne, certains camps pour personnes étrangères sont dits « ouverts » : les habitants sont libres d’y rester ou non, en attendant une réponse à leur demande d’asile – dans les faits, ils n’ont pas vraiment le droit ni les moyens de s’installer ailleurs.

    Le 28 février 2016, la création de ce camp intervient dans un contexte de #fermetures_des_frontières dans les #Balkans, et du besoin de répartir les habitants du camp d’#Idomeni. 3520 personnes sont alors transférées vers des tentes disposées sur le tarmac de l’aéroport militaire « Asimakopoulou »[1], pour une capacité d’accueil estimée à 2500 personnes. Sur le bitume, les personnes sont exposées aux vents et aux températures parfois extrêmes. Elles attendront le mois de novembre pour que des containers soient mis en place.

    Quatre ans plus tard, le camp est toujours là. L’Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (OIM) considère Nea Kavala comme une « installation d’accueil de long terme » ; et y transfère notamment des réfugiés depuis le camp de Moria à Lesbos[2].

    Les habitants ont eu le temps de réaliser des « travaux d’agrandissement » sur certains containers (© Louis Fernier)

    La vie s’est organisée à la marge de la société grecque. Des personnes migrantes sont isolées, bloquées dans un lieu initialement prévu pour que des avions décollent et atterrissent. Sur le tarmac, les préfabriqués ont été installés « de façon à contenir les effets des rafales de vent » ; les personnes « accueillies » partagent des sanitaires extérieurs l’été comme l’hiver, et une unique source d’eau potable située à l’entrée du camp. Si elles le souhaitent, elles sont toutefois libres de marcher 5 KM le long d’une voie rapide pour atteindre la première pharmacie. Sur place, nos observations nous ont permis de réaliser la carte ci-après :

    Ce croquis illustre comment la vie prend forme dans un tel environnement. Les ressources et acteurs clés se situent presque exclusivement à l’entrée, dans le nord du camp.

    L’Etat grec a délégué la majeure partie des tâches de coordination au Danish Refugee Council. Les ministères de l’éducation et de la santé restent toutefois censés accomplir leurs missions respectives. Hélas, la majorité des enfants ne sont scolarisés que la moitié de la semaine, et le médecin du camp n’est présent que 15 heures par semaine. Deux associations non-gouvernementales, « Drop in the Ocean » et We Are Here », sont présentes au quotidien pour soutenir les personnes encampées. C’est au sein de We Are Here que nous effectuons une enquête de terrain depuis deux mois. Composée uniquement de bénévoles, cette association gère un espace social, organise des cours d’Anglais et de musique, et des activités pour les plus jeunes. Elle tient aussi un centre d’informations et un espace réservé aux femmes. Au quotidien, elle s’active dans un univers interculturel, comme le montre la diversité des nationalités présentes depuis 2016, et la nécessité de s’adapter en continue.

    Être bénévole à We Are Here, c’est aussi travailler dans un milieu en perpétuel mouvement : la population connait des fluctuations parfois très soudaines.

    Si la population n’a plus dépassé la capacité du camp depuis sa création, elle a connu certains pics – à la fin de l’été 2019 notamment. Les conditions de vie paraissaient alors peu dignes pour un « site d’accueil de long terme ». Une personne réfugiée témoignait le 02 septembre 2019 :

    “Nea Kavala Camp is one of hell’s chosen spots in Greece. And to think that this government sees it as a suitable place for vulnerable refugees shows to me how much it must hate us. Nobody should be expected to stay there.”

    Depuis le 12 mars 2020, les mesures de protection face au Covid-19 ont entraîné l’arrêt des activités de We Are Here ; cependant, nous sommes toujours en observation depuis le village voisin, en contact avec les habitants du camp. Et la crise sanitaire n’a pas freiné les travaux d’aménagement de Nea Kavala, en prévision de l’accueil de 1000 personnes transférées depuis l’île de Lesbos.

    A l’intérieur de ces tentes, les familles sont aujourd’hui réparties par petites salles. Un habitant nous rapporte que « l’on y entend les voisins, c’est très serré. Il y a une table, quatre chaises et quatre lits pour toute une famille ».

    Nea Kavala compte 372 arrivées depuis la fin du mois de février, dans le contexte actuel de pandémie mondiale. Le Danish Refugee Council estime que 700 nouvelles personnes arriveront encore d’ici l’été. Les locaux de We Are Here et de Drop in the Ocean ont été demandés pour organiser de potentielles mises en quarantaine. En attendant d’y retourner, nous espérons que le virus épargnera le camp ; et que l’ennui, l’isolement et les conditions d’accueil ainsi décrites n’entraineront pas de tensions. Nous retenons notre souffle.

    https://mi.hypotheses.org/2122
    #transferts #migrerrance #immobilité #Grèce_continentale #frontières #Thessalonique #Polykastro #Asimakopoulou #OIM #IOM #temporaire #isolement #marginalité #marges #aéroport #tarmac #préfabriqués #croquis #cartographie #visualisation #Danish_Refugee_Council #déscolarisation #accès_aux_soins #Drop_in_the_Ocean #We_are_here

  • Billet de terrain #4
    21 avril 2020

    Le camp de Nea Kavala en Grèce

    Par Louis Fernier

    Étudiant en Master 2 Migrations internationales (Migrinter/Université de Poitiers), il prépare un mémoire sur les acteurs et les implications environnementales dans les camps de réfugiés et réalise actuellement un stage au sein de l’ONG « We Are Here » (http://weareherecentre.org/neakavala) en Grèce.

    **

    Dans l’Union européenne, certains camps pour personnes étrangères sont dits « ouverts » : les habitants sont libres d’y rester ou non, en attendant une réponse à leur demande d’asile – dans les faits, ils n’ont pas vraiment le droit ni les moyens de s’installer ailleurs.

    En Grèce continentale, le camp de Nea Kavala fait partie de ce type de dispositif. Nous sommes à 56 kilomètres de la ville de Thessalonique, et à vingt kilomètres de la frontière avec la Macédoine. Polykastro, la ville la plus proche du camp, est à cinq kilomètres.

    Le 28 février 2016, la création de ce camp intervient dans un contexte de fermetures des frontières dans les Balkans, et du besoin de répartir les habitants du camp d’Idomeni. 3520 personnes sont alors transférées vers des tentes disposées sur le tarmac de l’aéroport militaire « Asimakopoulou »[1], pour une capacité d’accueil estimée à 2500 personnes. Sur le bitume, les personnes sont exposées aux vents et aux températures parfois extrêmes. Elles attendront le mois de novembre pour que des containers soient mis en place.

    Quatre ans plus tard, le camp est toujours là. L’Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (OIM) considère Nea Kavala comme une « installation d’accueil de long terme » ; et y transfère notamment des réfugiés depuis le camp de Moria à Lesbos[2].

    La vie s’est organisée à la marge de la société grecque. Des personnes migrantes sont isolées, bloquées dans un lieu initialement prévu pour que des avions décollent et atterrissent. Sur le tarmac, les préfabriqués ont été installés « de façon à contenir les effets des rafales de vent » ; les personnes « accueillies » partagent des sanitaires extérieurs l’été comme l’hiver, et une unique source d’eau potable située à l’entrée du camp. Si elles le souhaitent, elles sont toutefois libres de marcher 5 KM le long d’une voie rapide pour atteindre la première pharmacie. Sur place, nos observations nous ont permis de réaliser la carte ci-après :

    Ce croquis illustre comment la vie prend forme dans un tel environnement. Les ressources et acteurs clés se situent presque exclusivement à l’entrée, dans le nord du camp.

    L’Etat grec a délégué la majeure partie des tâches de coordination au Danish Refugee Council. Les ministères de l’éducation et de la santé restent toutefois censés accomplir leurs missions respectives. Hélas, la majorité des enfants ne sont scolarisés que la moitié de la semaine, et le médecin du camp n’est présent que 15 heures par semaine. Deux associations non-gouvernementales, « Drop in the Ocean » et We Are Here », sont présentes au quotidien pour soutenir les personnes encampées. C’est au sein de We Are Here que nous effectuons une enquête de terrain depuis deux mois. Composée uniquement de bénévoles, cette association gère un espace social, organise des cours d’Anglais et de musique, et des activités pour les plus jeunes. Elle tient aussi un centre d’informations et un espace réservé aux femmes. Au quotidien, elle s’active dans un univers interculturel, comme le montre la diversité des nationalités présentes depuis 2016, et la nécessité de s’adapter en continue.

    Être bénévole à We Are Here, c’est aussi travailler dans un milieu en perpétuel mouvement : la population connait des fluctuations parfois très soudaines.

    Si la population n’a plus dépassé la capacité du camp depuis sa création, elle a connu certains pics – à la fin de l’été 2019 notamment. Les conditions de vie paraissaient alors peu dignes pour un « site d’accueil de long terme ». Une personne réfugiée témoignait le 02 septembre 2019 :

    “Nea Kavala Camp is one of hell’s chosen spots in Greece. And to think that this government sees it as a suitable place for vulnerable refugees shows to me how much it must hate us. Nobody should be expected to stay there.”

    Depuis le 12 mars 2020, les mesures de protection face au Covid-19 ont entraîné l’arrêt des activités de We Are Here ; cependant, nous sommes toujours en observation depuis le village voisin, en contact avec les habitants du camp. Et la crise sanitaire n’a pas freiné les travaux d’aménagement de Nea Kavala, en prévision de l’accueil de 1000 personnes transférées depuis l’île de Lesbos.

    A l’intérieur de ces tentes, les familles sont aujourd’hui réparties par petites salles. Un habitant nous rapporte que « l’on y entend les voisins, c’est très serré. Il y a une table, quatre chaises et quatre lits pour toute une famille ».

    Nea Kavala compte 372 arrivées depuis la fin du mois de février, dans le contexte actuel de pandémie mondiale. Le Danish Refugee Council estime que 700 nouvelles personnes arriveront encore d’ici l’été. Les locaux de We Are Here et de Drop in the Ocean ont été demandés pour organiser de potentielles mises en quarantaine. En attendant d’y retourner, nous espérons que le virus épargnera le camp ; et que l’ennui, l’isolement et les conditions d’accueil ainsi décrites n’entraineront pas de tensions. Nous retenons notre souffle.

    https://mi.hypotheses.org/2122

    #Covid-19 #Migrants #Migrations #camp #Grèce #neakavala #transfert