#united_states

(Re)Constructing Inequality : Community Development in Public and Private
▻https://metropolitiques.eu/Re-Constructing-Inequality-Community-Development-in-Public-and-Priva

Claire Dunning #Reviews Jeremy R. Levine’s new book, Constructing Community, an ethnographic study of community development projects in #Boston. For a book about #urban_poverty and #redevelopment, Constructing Community recounts few protests or headline-grabbing incidents. Instead, the drama unfolds slowly over the course of a decade in poorly lit community rooms, downtown board rooms, and the backseats of cars. This is a book about the banalities of bureaucracy and #governance—a fact that author Reviews

/ Boston, #Massachusetts, #United_States, #mass_transit, #rapid_transit, #transport, #public_transportation, #community-based_organizations, urban #poverty, redevelopment, poverty, governance, #local_governance, #urban_governance, (...)

#ethnography

Large DNA Study Traces Violent History of American Slavery

Scientists from the consumer genetics company 23andMe have published the largest DNA study to date of people with African ancestry in the Americas.

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2020/07/23/science/23TB-ANCESTRY/merlin_174840387_8487996d-6456-4198-b115-23698ef465a3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale

An 1823 cross-section diagram of a ship used to carry enslaved people. The illustration, which was used in abolitionist campaigns and contains several historical inaccuracies, has become one of the most famous depictions of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Credit...incamerastock/Alamy

More than one and a half centuries after the trans-Atlantic slave trade ended, a new study shows how the brutal treatment of enslaved people has shaped the DNA of their descendants.

The report, which included more than 50,000 people, 30,000 of them with African ancestry, agrees with the historical record about where people were taken from in Africa, and where they were enslaved in the Americas. But it also found some surprises.

For example, the DNA of participants from the United States showed a significant amount of Nigerian ancestry — far more than expected based on the historical records of ships carrying enslaved people directly to the United States from Nigeria.

At first, historians working with the researchers “couldn’t believe the amount of Nigerian ancestry in the U.S.,” said Steven Micheletti, a population geneticist at 23andMe who led the study.

After consulting another historian, the researchers learned that enslaved people were sent from Nigeria to the British Caribbean, and then were further traded into the United States, which could explain the genetic findings, he said.

The study illuminates one of the darkest chapters of world history, in which 12.5 million people were forcibly taken from their homelands in tens of thousands of European ships. It also shows that the historical and genetic records together tell a more layered and intimate story than either could alone.

The study, which was published on Thursday in the American Journal of Human Genetics, represents “real progress in how we think that genetics contributes to telling a story about the past,” said Alondra Nelson, a professor of social science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., who was not involved in the study.

Although the work is commendable for making use of both historical and genetic data, Dr. Nelson said, it was also “a missed opportunity to take the full step and really collaborate with historians.” The history of the different ethnic groups in Africa, for example, and how they related to modern and historical geographic boundaries, could have been explored in greater depth, she said.

The study began as a dream project of Joanna Mountain, senior director of research at 23andMe, even before the company had any customers. Over 10 years she and her team built a genetic database. Primarily the participants were 23andMe customers whose grandparents were born in one of the geographic regions of trans-Atlantic slavery. All participants consented to have their DNA used in the research.

In the new study, Dr. Micheletti’s team compared this genetic database with a historical one, Slave Voyages, which contains an enormous amount of information about slavery, such as ports of embarkation and disembarkation, and numbers of enslaved men, women and children.

The researchers also consulted with some historians to identify gaps in their data, Dr. Mountain said. Historians told them, for example, that they needed representation from critical regions, like Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The team worked with academics connected to West African institutions to find that data.

The size of the project’s dataset is “extraordinary,” said David Reich, a professor of genetics at Harvard who was not part of the project.

Because it drew participants from a direct-to-consumer database of millions of people, the study was able to “ask and answer questions about the past and about how people are related to each other” that could not be asked by academics like himself, he said. At best, academic projects are able to study hundreds or a few thousand people, and generally that data does not also include the genealogical information that the 23andMe research participants provided.

The findings show remarkable alignment with the historical record. Historians have estimated, for example, that 5.7 million people were taken from West Central Africa to the Americas. And the genetic record shows a very strong connection between people in West Central Africa and all people with African ancestry in the Americas.

Historians have also noted that the people who were taken to Latin America from Africa disembarked from West Central Africa, but many were taken originally from other regions like Senegambia and the Bight of Benin. And the new genetic evidence supports this, showing that the descendants of enslaved people in Latin America generally carry genetic connections with two or three of these regions in Africa.

Historical evidence shows that enslaved people in the United States and the British Caribbean, by contrast, were taken from a larger number of regions of Africa. Their descendants today show a genetic connection to people in six regions in Africa, the study found.

The historical record shows that of the 10.7 million enslaved people who disembarked in the Americas (after nearly 2 million others died on the journey), more than 60 percent were men. But the genetic record shows that it was mostly enslaved women who contributed to the present-day gene pool.

The asymmetry in the experience of enslaved men and women — and indeed, many groups of men and women in centuries past — is well understood. Enslaved men often died before they had a chance to have children. Enslaved women were often raped and forced to have children.

The 23andMe project found this general pattern, but also uncovered a startling difference in the experience of men and women between regions in the Americas.

The scientists calculated that enslaved women in the United States contributed 1.5 times more to the modern-day gene pool of people of African descent than enslaved men. In the Latin Caribbean, they contributed 13 times more. In Northern South America, they contributed 17 times more.

What’s more, in the United States, European men contributed three times more to the modern-day gene pool of people of African descent than European women did. In the British Caribbean, they contributed 25 times more.

This genetic evidence, the scientists say, may be explained by local practices. In the United States, segregation between enslaved people and the European population may have made it more likely that the child of an enslaved mother would have an enslaved father. But in other regions where enslaved men were less likely to reproduce, dangerous practices like rice farming — in which harsh conditions and muddy fields made it easier to drown, and malaria was common — may have killed many of them before they could have children.

In some regions in Latin America, the government enacted programs that brought men from Europe to father children with enslaved women in order to intentionally diminish the African gene pool.

The study illustrates how much physical and sexual violence were part of slavery — and how they are still built into our society, Dr. Nelson said. It confirms the “mistreatment, discrimination, sexual abuse, and violence that has persisted for generations,” she said, and that many people are protesting today.

#DNA #American_Slavery #ancestry #trans-Atlantic_slave_trade #United_States

▻https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/science/23andme-african-ancestry.html?referringSource=articleShare

Lyft Is Not Your Friend
►http://jacobinmag.com/2018/10/the-myth-of-the-woke-brand-uber-lyft-capitalism

https://images.jacobinmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/23180440/Lyft_Pink_Mustache1.jpg

10.25.2018 BY MEAGAN DAY #UNITED_STATES #CAPITAL #CONJECTURES #LIBERALISM

Lyft is the latest brand trying to build market share by posing as a “progressive” corporation. But the fight can’t be good corporations against bad ones — it’s working people against capitalism.
In early 2017, liberals hit on a new strategy to resist the nascent Trump administration: #DeleteUber.

It started when New York City’s taxi drivers refused to service JFK airport to protest Trump’s travel ban targeting Muslim-majority countries, and Uber was spotted leveraging the ensuing crisis for profit. Then Uber CEO Travis Kalanick came under fire for accepting an appointment to Trump’s economic advisory council. He announced his resignation from the council, but only weeks later a video leaked of Kalanick reprimanding a driver for his company.

Amid various ensuing scandals, Kalanick stepped down as CEO of Uber, but by then millions of consumers had turned on the brand in protest, deleting the Uber app from their phone and opting instead for the rideshare giant’s rival Lyft.

Lyft leaned in, eagerly branding itself as the progressive alternative to Uber by pledging a $1 million donation to the ACLU and trotting out celebrities to promote it as a company committed to “doing things for the right reasons.” Lyft, of course, operates on the same labor model as Uber — its drivers are not employees but independent contractors, and are therefore denied all the benefits and protections that workers receive under more ideal circumstances. Nevertheless, a new refrain rang out across liberaldom: “I don’t use Uber, I use Lyft.”

What socialists understand that liberals don’t is that brands are corporate enterprises, and corporate enterprises are fundamentally motivated by the pursuit of profit — even in their ostentatious acts of charity and wokeness.

Three surefire ways to maximize profit are: suppressing labor costs by paying workers as little as you can get away with, lobbying the state for deregulation and lower taxes, and opening new markets by finding new things to commodify and sell. Businesses will always pursue these avenues of profit maximization where they can. It’s not a matter of ethics but of market discipline: if they don’t, they run the risk of losing out to the competition and eventually capsizing.

Sometimes corporations do things for publicity that make it seem like their interests are not fundamentally misaligned with those of the working-class majority, who rely on decent wages and well-funded public services. But those efforts are meant to sustain public confidence in a given corporation’s brand, which is occasionally necessary for keeping up profits, as Uber’s losses in 2017 demonstrate. When corporate profits come into direct conflict with active measures to improve people’s wellbeing, corporations will always select the former. Case in point: Lyft just donated $100k to the campaign against a ballot measure that would create a tax fund to house the homeless in San Francisco, where the company is based.

Why did the progressive alternative to Uber do this? Well, because the company doesn’t want to pay higher taxes. Because high taxes imperil profits, and profits are the point. Another likely rationale is to build stronger bonds with pro-business advocacy groups in San Francisco, so that the company will have allies if the city decides to implement regulations against ride-sharing services, which is rumored to be a possibility.

Lyft has already mastered the art of suppressing labor costs and opening new markets. Next on the wish list, low taxes and deregulation. It’s pretty formulaic when you get down to it.

San Francisco is home to an estimated 7,500 homeless people. Proposition C would tap the large corporations that benefit from the city’s public infrastructure to double the city’s homelessness budget in an attempt to resolve the crisis. The corporations opposing Proposition C say that the move would imperil jobs. This is not an analysis, it’s a threat. What they’re saying is that if the city reaches too far into their pockets, they’ll take their business elsewhere, draining the region of jobs and revenue as punishment for government overreach. It’s a mobster’s insinuation: Nice economy, shame if something happened to it. Meanwhile thousands of people sleep in the streets, even though the money to shelter them is within the city’s borders.

Of course, in every struggle over taxes and industry regulation there may be a few canny corporate outliers looking to ingratiate their brand to the public by bucking the trend. In the case of Proposition C, it’s Salesforce, whose CEO Marc Benioff has made a public display of support for the ballot measure. But before you rush to praise Benioff, consider that only two months ago he lauded Trump’s tax cuts for fueling “aggressive spending” and injecting life into the economy.

You could spend your life as an engaged consumer hopping from brand to brand, as liberals often do, pledging allegiance to this one and protesting that one to the beat of the new cycle drum. You could delete Lyft from your phone the same way you did with Uber, and find another rideshare app that you deem more ethical, until that one inevitably disappoints you too.

Or you could press pause, stop scrambling for some superior consumption choice to ease your conscience, and entertain the socialist notion that deep down all corporations are objectively the same. They all exist to maximize return on investment for the people who own them. They are all in competition with each other to plunder our commons most effectively, with the lowest overhead, which means compensating the least for employees’ work. And when the rubber meets the road, they will all prioritize private profits over the wellbeing of those who own no productive assets, which is the vast majority of the people on the planet. They will demonstrate these priorities on a case-by-case basis, and on a massive global scale so long as capitalism prevails.

“We’re woke,” said Lyft CEO John Zimmerman at the height of the Uber scandal. It was horseshit — it always is. And until liberals stop believing than any brand can be truly “woke,” or can offer a genuine alternative to the predatory behavior they observe in other “unwoke” brands, they’ll be unable to mount a meaningful resistance to anything.

Whether we want to ensure clean drinking water for the residents of Flint or to shelter the homeless of San Francisco, we have to draw clear battle lines that are up to the challenge. The fight can’t be good corporations against bad corporations. It has to be working people against capitalism.

#USA #transport #disruption #Lyft

La vie de désespoir des réfugiés relégués par l’Australie sur une île du Pacifique

La femme du Somalien Khadar Hrisi a tenté plusieurs fois de se suicider. R, une Iranienne de 12 ans, a voulu s’immoler par le feu : à Nauru, minuscule caillou du Pacifique, des réfugiés relégués par l’Australie racontent à l’AFP une vie sans perspective, sans soins et sans espoir.

Nauru, le plus petit pays insulaire du monde, vient d’accueillir le Forum des îles du Pacifique (Fip) mais a interdit aux journalistes l’accès aux camps de rétention où Canberra refoule les clandestins qui tentent de gagner l’Australie par la mer.

L’AFP a toutefois réussi à y pénétrer et à rencontrer des réfugiés dont la quasi totalité ont souhaité l’anonymat pour des raisons de sécurité.

A Nauru, près d’un millier de migrants dont une centaine d’enfants, sur 11.000 habitants, vivent dans huit camps financés par Canberra, certains depuis cinq ans, selon leurs récits.

Dans le camp numéro 5, que l’on atteint au détour d’un chemin sous une chaleur écrasante, dans un paysage hérissé de pitons rocheux, le Somalien Hrisi veut témoigner à visage découvert.

Il n’a plus peur, il n’a plus rien. Sa femme ne parle pas, son visage est inexpressif.

M. Hrisi la laisse seule le moins possible, à cause de sa dépression. Elle a tenté plusieurs fois de se suicider ces derniers jours, raconte-t-il.

« Quand je me suis réveillé, elle était en train de casser ça », dit-il en montrant des lames de rasoir jetables. « Elle allait les avaler avec de l’eau ».

– Problèmes psychologiques -

M. Hrisi affirme qu’ils sont allés plusieurs fois à l’hôpital de Nauru financé par l’Australie mais que celui-ci refuse de les prendre en charge. L’autre nuit, « ils ont appelé la police et nous ont mis dehors ».

Le camp numéro 1 traite les malades, expliquent les réfugiés. Mais il n’accueille qu’une cinquantaine de personnes car l’endroit croule sous les demandes. Or beaucoup de migrants vont mal et souffrent de problèmes psychologiques liés à leur isolement sur l’île.

Les évacuations sanitaires vers l’Australie sont rares selon eux.

Les ONG ne cessent de dénoncer la politique d’immigration draconienne de l’Australie.

Depuis 2013, Canberra, qui dément tout mauvais traitement, refoule systématiquement en mer tous les bateaux de clandestins, originaires pour beaucoup d’Afghanistan, du Sri Lanka et du Moyen-Orient.

Ceux qui parviennent à passer par les mailles du filet sont envoyés dans des îles reculées du Pacifique. Même si leur demande d’asile est jugée légitime, ils ne seront jamais accueillis sur le sol australien.

Canberra argue qu’il sauve ainsi des vies en dissuadant les migrants d’entreprendre un périlleux voyage. Les arrivées de bateaux, qui étaient quasiment quotidiennes, sont aujourd’hui rarissimes.

Le Refugee Council of Australia et l’Asylum Seeker Resource Centre ont dénoncé récemment les ravages psychologiques de la détention indéfinie, en particulier chez les enfants.

« Ceux qui ont vu ces souffrances disent que c’est pire que tout ce qu’ils ont vu, même dans les zones de guerre. Des enfants de sept et douze ans ont fait l’expérience de tentatives répétées de suicide, certains s’arrosent d’essence et deviennent catatoniques », écrivaient-ils.

R, une Iranienne de 12 ans rencontrée par l’AFP, a tenté de s’immoler. Elle vit à Nauru depuis cinq ans avec ses deux parents de 42 ans et son frère de 13 ans.

Les enfants passent leurs journées prostrés au lit. La mère a la peau couverte de plaques, elle dit souffrir et ne recevoir aucun traitement.

– Essence et briquet -

Le père a récemment surpris sa fille en train de s’asperger d’essence. « Elle a pris un briquet et elle a crié +Laisse-moi seule ! Laisse-moi seule ! Je veux me suicider ! Je veux mourir !+ ».

Son fils sort lentement de son lit et confie d’une voix monocorde : « Je n’ai pas d’école, je n’ai pas de futur, je n’ai pas de vie ».

Non loin de là, entre deux préfabriqués, une cuve est taguée du sigle « ABF » et d’une croix gammée. L’Australian Border Force est le service australien de contrôle des frontières, honni par les réfugiés.

Ces derniers se déplacent librement sur l’île car la prison, ce sont ses 21 kilomètres carrés.

Khadar reçoit un ami, un ancien gardien de buts professionnel camerounais qui raconte avoir secouru un voisin en train de se pendre. Son meilleur ami a été retrouvé mort, le nez et les yeux pleins de sang, sans qu’il sache la cause du décès.

Pas de perspectives, et pas de soins. Au grand désespoir d’Ahmd Anmesharif, un Birman dont les yeux coulent en permanence. Il explique souffrir aussi du cœur et passe ses journées sur un fauteuil en mousse moisie, à regarder la route.

Les défenseurs des droits dénoncent des conditions effroyables et font état d’accusations d’agressions sexuelles et d’abus physiques.

Les autorités de l’île démentent. Les réfugiés « mènent leur vie normalement, comme les autres Nauruans (...) on est très heureux de vivre ensemble », assurait ainsi lors du Fip le président de Nauru, Baron Waqa.

Mais les réfugiés soutiennent que leurs relations avec les Nauruans se détériorent.

« Ils nous frappent toujours, ils nous lancent toujours des pierres », accuse l’adolescent iranien.

– Economie sous perfusion -

Un autre Iranien, un mécanicien qui a réussi à monter un petit commerce, crie sa colère. Il vient de se faire voler « la caisse, les motos, les outils ». « La police ne retrouve jamais rien quand ce sont les Nauruans qui volent les réfugiés », assène-t-il.

Si les conditions sont vétustes dans les camps, où la plupart des logements sont des préfabriqués, beaucoup d’habitants de Nauru semblent vivre dans des conditions plus précaires encore.

Bon nombre habitent des cabanes de tôle, les plages sont jonchées de détritus. Ils disent ne pas comprendre de quoi se plaignent les migrants.

En attendant, les camps sont cruciaux pour l’économie de l’île, exsangue depuis l’épuisement des réserves de phosphate qui avait contribué à l’opulence du siècle dernier.

Selon les chiffres australiens, les recettes publiques sont passées de 20 à 115 millions de dollars australiens (12 à 72 millions d’euros) entre 2010-2011 et 2015-2016, essentiellement grâce aux subventions australiennes liées aux camps.

« Si on enlève les réfugiés, Nauru est morte : c’est pour ça que le président tient à ce que nous restions », juge le Camerounais.

Mais tous les réfugiés rencontrés souhaitent partir, n’importe où pour certains.

« Au XXIe siècle, les gens pensent en secondes, en instants. Le gouvernement australien a volé cinq ans de notre vie... qui s’en soucie ? », regrette le père de la petite Iranienne.

https://i.imgur.com/WgKL2z5.png https://i.imgur.com/S8Rz5k8.png https://i.imgur.com/RfNcIpf.png

Marx’s Theory of Working-Class Precariousness | Ryan Jonna | Monthly Review
▻https://monthlyreview.org/2016/04/01/marxs-theory-of-working-class-precariousness

Its Relevance Today
by R. Jamil Jonna and John Bellamy Foster
(Apr 01, 2016)

Topics: #Imperialism , #Labor , #Political_Economy

Places: #Americas , #Global , #United_States

African immigrants and #race in America
▻http://africasacountry.com/2016/10/no-segregation-in-matters-of-race-prejudice

Perhaps the most famous example of “African passing” is the infamous anecdote of former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan. A student in 1960s U.S., Annan had traveled to the Jim Crow South. He needed a haircut, but was told by a racist white barber: “I do not cut nigger hair.” Annan, who is Ghanaian, responded: […]

#ESSAYS #Black_Lives_Matter #immigration #Police_Violence #United_States

L’historien éclaire-t-il le présent ?
▻http://www.laviedesidees.fr/L-historien-eclaire-t-il-le-present.html

En quoi l’Histoire est-elle pertinente pour comprendre les débats actuels sur la #race, les inégalités économiques ou bien encore le récit national ? Thomas Sugrue, historien renommé, spécialiste des crises urbaines et de la #ségrégation, insiste sur la valeur de la passion et d’un travail de recherche minutieux. Les historiens peuvent et doivent s’engager dans le débat public, mais selon leurs propres termes.

Essais & débats

/ #United_States, race, ségrégation, #politics

#Essais_&_débats

Djihadism, conflicts and foreign interventions in the Sahel
►http://visionscarto.net/sahel-djihadism-foreign-intervention

Title : Djihadism, conflicts et and foreign interventions in the Sahel Keywords : #Jihadism #Armament #War #Conflicts #Africa #United_States #France #Maghreb Publication : This map was introduced to the Planetary Security Conference in the Hague - Netherlands (2-3 November 2015). Author : Philippe Rekacewicz Date : Janvier 2016.

#Collection_cartographique

The struggle for #Afrodescendant rights
▻http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/the-struggle-for-afrodescendant-rights-in-latin-america

In the short span since its inception, the Latin American Afrodescendant movement has had an extraordinary impact on the formulation of anti-racism policy in Latin America and beyond. Its origins.....

#LATIN_AMERICA_IS_A_COUNTRY #race #racism #United_States #Harvard #Afro-Latinos #Santiago_Conference

Anti-racism in Latin America discussion arrives at #Harvard
▻http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/anti-racism-in-latin-america-discussion-arrives-at-harvard

A Symposium entitled “Afrodescendants: Fifteen Years after Santiago. Achievements and Challenges” recently took place from December 4th to 5th at the Afro-Latin American Research Institute of the Hutchins Center for.....

#LATIN_AMERICA_IS_A_COUNTRY #race #racism #United_States #Afrodescendant #Afro-Latinos #Santiago_Conference

Who is selling arms, and who buys them?
►http://visionscarto.net/who-is-selling-arms-and-who-buys

Title: Who is selling arms, and who buys them? Key words: #Armament #War #Conflicts #Russia #United_States #France #China #Russia Publication: This map was introduced to the Planetary Security Conference in the Hague - Netherlands (2-3 November 2015). Author: Philippe Rekacewicz Date: 2015.

#Map_collection

#Baltimore Blues
▻http://africasacountry.com/baltimore-blues

A few blocks from the Mondawmin Mall, the epicenter of the April 27th Baltimore riots, my sister teaches chemistry at a vocational high school. Her school, in a poor black.....

#FRONT_PAGE #Politics #race #United_States

Des pirates informatiques laissent des avertissements sur des réseaux américains
▻http://www.lapresse.ca/international/etats-unis/201503/19/01-4853828-des-pirates-informatiques-laissent-des-avertissements-sur-des-re

Dans certains cas, il est possible que des pirates informatiques cherchent à établir des « têtes de pont » pour établir une « présence permanente » sur certains réseaux, en particulier sur ceux liés aux infrastructures essentielles (électricité, transport, eau, contrôle aérien...).

[...]

Comme d’autres chefs militaires américains, « j’observe une Russie bien plus active et d’une manière plus visible » sur la toile, a expliqué l’amiral Rogers.

« Je pense que nos amis russes sont en train d’essayer de nous envoyer un message fort sur ce qui est acceptable pour eux, et ce qui ne l’est pas », a-t-il indiqué.

#Cyberguerre #Hacker_(sécurité_informatique) #Internet #Michael_S._Rogers #National_Security_Agency #Russie #Supervisory_Control_and_Data_Acquisition #Sécurité_informatique #United_States_Cyber_Command #États-Unis

Synthetic Biology : Life reconstructed by engineers and multinationals
▻http://multinationales.org/Synthetic-Biology-Life

According to its proposents, synthetic biology would seem to be leading us into a brighter future, full of promises of better medicines, anti-pollution bacteria and synthetic fuels. But whilst it continues to attract investments from the largest global companies in the biotechnology, #Energy and agribusiness sectors, the use of lab-built DNA and of patented gene factories to produce life at industrial scale raises many questions. As the first fully computer-designed organisms are just (...)

#Investigations

/ Food & Agribusiness, Energy, #Pharma, #France, #United_States, #Michelin, #Total, #Sanofi, #Green_Economy, #Amyris, #new_technologies, #intellectual_property, #Environmental_Health, regulations and (...)

#Food_&_Agribusiness #regulations_and_norms
« ►http://www.genopole.fr/Bioparc-les-projets-structurants.html »
« ►http://www.sanofi.com/Images/32474_20130411_ARTEMISININE_fr.pdf »
« ►http://www.etcgroup.org »
« ►http://www.foe.org/news/archives/2012-03-global-coalition-calls-oversight-synthetic-biology »
« ►http://cache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/file/Rapport_Biologie_de_synthese/58/5/L2_BIOLOGIE_DESYNTHeSE_version_finale_web2_202585.pdf »
« ►http://biobricks.org/about-foundation »
« ►https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank »
« ►http://www.issb.genopole.fr/Research/teams »
« ►http://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/2012/06/22/01008-20120622ARTFIG00775-faut-il-avoir-peur-de-la-biologie-synthetique.php »
« ►http://www.lapaillasse.org »
« ►http://www.lemonde.fr/le-monde-2/article/2009/09/04/biohackers-les-bricoleurs-d-adn_1235563_1004868.html »
« ►http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Info/Index »
« ►http://2013.igem.org/Team:INSA_Toulouse »
« ►http://biologie-synthese.cnam.fr/historique »
« ►http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/rap-off/i4354.asp »
« ►http://wallpapersus.com/dna-nanotech-creative-design »
« ►http://www.piecesetmaindoeuvre.com/spip.php?page=resume&id_article=395 »
« ►http://total.com/fr/energies-savoir-faire/energies-renouvelables/biomasse/projets-realisations/amyris »
« ▻http://sciencescitoyennes.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Fiche_FSC_Artémisinine.pdf »

#Havana and Washington: On African Time?
▻http://africasacountry.com/havana-and-washington-on-african-time

Was it ever in doubt that the first African American president of the #United_States would wish to crown his legacy by normalizing relations with the most African island in.....

#AFRICA_IS_A_COUNTRY #Cold_War #Cuba #Ebola

Black Death and Revolution
▻http://africasacountry.com/black-death-and-revolution

In the days leading up to the grand jury decisions in the separate murders of Mike Brown in #Ferguson, MO, and #Eric_Garner in Staten Island, there was a certain.....

#AFRICA_IS_A_COUNTRY ##BlackLivesMatter ##ICantBreathe #racism #United_States

#ICANTBREATHE
▻http://africasacountry.com/icantbreathe

One morning last semester at John Jay College in #New_York City, I asked my students how many of them had ever been stopped by the police. All of them.....

#AFRICA_IS_A_COUNTRY #activism #African_Americans #EDITORIAL #Eric_Garner #I_Can't_Breathe #Justice #POLITICS #Stop_and_Frisk #United_States

The Right to Grow Old: #Photos of the Central American Migrant Crisis
▻http://africasacountry.com/the-right-to-grow-old-photos-of-the-central-american-migrant-crisis

Central American #migration, and especially the migration of undocumented children from El Salvador, Guatemala and #Honduras to the #United_States, blew up in the American media during the summer. It was a time when many U.S. citizens felt that their government was deporting too many of these children back to the mostly violent and poverty-stricken […]

#LATIN_AMERICA_IS_A_COUNTRY #Central_America #death_trains #immigrants #immigration #Mexico #Obama #photographs

Les communautés latinos aux USA
▻http://www.laviedesidees.fr/Les-communautes-latinos-aux-USA.html

Comment s’effectue l’assimilation des Latinos aux États-Unis ? Loin d’être un groupe monolithique, leurs différences impliquent des relations complexes entre diverses communautés, qui rejaillissent sur la construction identitaire des immigrés. C’est ce que montre l’étude menée par M.-L. Mallet dans trois grandes villes américaines.

Essais & débats

/ #immigration, #minorities, #United_States

#Essais_&_débats

Un essaim de patrouilleurs autonomes testés par la Navy
►http://www.humanoides.fr/2014/10/06/un-essaim-de-patrouilleurs-autonomes-testes-par-la-navy

[U]e système a été installé sur cinq patrouilleurs de 2,13 mètres et 3,35 mètres, qui ont réalisé des exercices d’escorte et d’attaque en groupe. Ils ont d’abord escorté un bateau piloté par des marins, avant de foncer sur un navire considéré comme suspect, afin de l’encercler et le neutraliser.

Dans le cadre de cet exercice inédit pour l’Office of Naval Research (ONR), les bateaux complètement autonomes ont agi en parfaite collaboration.

On finira bien par créer un écosystème robotique autonome et complet. Et alors qu’aura-t-on gagné ?

#Armée #Bateau #Drone #Défense_militaire #Exercice_militaire #Office_of_Naval_Research #United_States_Navy #États‐Unis

Highest-paid CEO’s company has never turned profit: Cheniere Energy and Charif Souki.
▻http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/21/highest_paid_ceo_s_company_has_never_turned_profit_cheniere_energy_and_charif

http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/21/highest_paid_ceo_s_company_has_never_turned_profit_cheniere_energy_and_charif/screen_shot_20140821_at_4.27.26_pm.png.CROP.promovar-mediumlarge.27.26_pm.png

Here’s something fun I saw on Bloomberg TV (whose Market Makers is truly the morning show of champions and/or people who are really interested in the bond market) Thursday morning: The highest-paid CEO in the United States, Charif Souki, works for a company that has never turned a profit.

Souki made $142 million last year, $50 million more than the second-place earner, and since 2002 has worked for a company called Cheniere Energy that according to this article is 50 times smaller than ExxonMobil. What gives? Cheniere, apparently, is expected to be an industry leader in the process of taking hydraulically fracked......

#United_States
#Paid
#CEO
#Profit

Palestinian teen returns home to US after being beaten by Israeli police
▻http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20775

http://english.al-akhbar.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/4cols/leading_images/346180-01-09.jpg

Fifteen-year-old #Tareq_Abu_Khudair speaks to the media after his arrival home, having spent nine days under house in Jerusalem, on July 16, 2014 in Tampa, Florida. (Photo: AFP/Getty Images - Tim Boyles)

A Palestinian-American teenager who was detained in #Israel and beaten by police returned home to Florida on Wednesday, eager to seek medical care and put behind him a summer trip that drew renewed world attention to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Tareq Abu Khudair called his attack by masked police “the scariest thing that has happened to me,” and told reporters he believes his story drew outrage largely because he was a US citizen. read (...)

#Gaza #united_states #west_bank

US to transfer six Guantanamo detainees to #Uruguay for release
▻http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/us-ready-transfer-six-guantanamo-detainees-uruguay

The #united_states plans to transfer six Guantanamo detainees to Uruguay early next month, an Obama administration official said Wednesday. Uruguayan President Jose Mujica told AFP in an interview last week that his country was prepared to take in the six detainees without preconditions and that they would be free men who could work and travel. Pentagon chief Chuck Hagel has informed US lawmakers about the transfer of six detainees who are among those already cleared for transfer, an official in President Barack Obama’s administration said on condition of anonymity. read more

#Guantanamo_Bay

US #Drone_strike kills 13 in northwestern #pakistan
▻http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/us-drone-strike-kills-13-northwestern-pakistan

A US drone strike on Wednesday killed least 13 people in Pakistan’s northwestern tribal belt, security officials said. The attack came in North Waziristan, where for the past month the Pakistani military has been fighting to wipe out longstanding bases of Taliban and other militants. “A US drone fired two missiles targeting a militant compound in Zoi Saidgai area, killing at least 13 insurgents,” a senior security official in Miranshah, the main town of North Waziristan, told AFP. read more

#united_states

Ilana Solomon: “In terms of climate and #Energy policy, TTIP takes us exactly in the wrong direction”
▻http://multinationales.org/Ilana-Solomon-In-terms-of-climate

There’s been a lot of talk recently about the risks of the transatlantic #Trade_and_Investment partnership (TTIP) project for #Europe and its regulations. But the consequences on the other side of the Atlantic could be just as dramatic, particularly in the boost it could give to further large-scale shale oil and gas developments. Interview with Ilana Solomon, director of the Sierra Club’s “responsible trade” programme. How did the Sierra Club, one of the most long-standing environmental (...)

#Investigations

/ #Lobbying, #Fossil_fuels, Trade and Investment, Europe, #United_States, #energy, #trade_and_investment_agreements, #public_campaign, #shale_gas, #greenhouse_gas, #environmental_impact, energy, #climate_change, #regulations_and_norms, #influence, european (...)

#european_union
“▻http://www.bastamag.net/Transatlantic-trade-a-bust-for”