Giant viruses have weaponised CRISPR against their bacterial hosts | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2197422-giant-viruses-have-weaponised-crispr-against-their-bacterial-h
Surprisingly, many of the giant phages also have CRISPR systems. CRISPR proteins have become famous for their use in genome editing, but they were first evolved by bacteria as a kind of immune system that targeted and destroyed the DNA of invading phages.
There’ll be a domino effect as we trigger ecosystem tipping points | New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/2188965-therell-be-a-domino-effect-as-we-trigger-ecosystem-tipping-poi
Peterson’s team has analysed 300 ecosystems with potential tipping points or regime changes. For instance, as rainfall increases grasslands can suddenly turn into forests, and vice versa.
The study suggests that almost half of them are linked. For example, more extreme rainfall from global heating can greatly increase soil erosion, especially on degraded farmland, and carry more phosphorus into rivers, lakes and the sea. This can trigger algal blooms and red tides, and amplify the decline in oxygen that occurs as waters warm. This leads to even bigger aquatic “dead zones” with low oxygen, which can have further knock-on effects.
What the team’s work shows is that crossing one tipping point increases the risk of crossing another and so triggering a whole cascade of effects. And we may not even recognise the danger until it is too late, Peterson says.
Article original:
Cascading regime shifts within and across scales
Juan C. Rocha, Garry Peterson, Örjan Bodin, Simon Levin
Science 362:1379-1383 (2018)
►http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6421/1379
On les ajoute à la troisième compilation :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/680147
#effondrement #collapsologie #catastrophe #fin_du_monde #it_has_begun #Anthropocène #capitalocène
The EU plans to test an AI lie detector at border points - The Verge
▻https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/31/18049906/eu-artificial-intelligence-ai-lie-detector-border-points-immigration
iBorderCtrl is an EU-funded project that uses AI in order to facilitate faster border crossings for travelers. The system has users fill out an online application and upload some documents, like their passport, before a virtual border guard takes over to ask questions. According to New Scientist, some of these questions include “What’s in your suitcase?” and “If you open the suitcase and show me what is inside, will it confirm that your answers were true?” Travelers will answer while facing a webcam and the system will analyze and rate dozens of micro-gestures.
If iBorderCtrl determines the traveler is telling the truth, then they receive a QR code that will let them pass the border. If there is suspicion the traveler is lying, they’ll have biometric information taken — including fingerprinting, palm vein reading, and face matching — before being passed to a human agent who will review their information and make an assessment.
The program is still considered highly experimental, and in its current state, will not prevent anyone from crossing over a border. Early testing of a previous iteration only had a 76 percent success rate, but a member of the iBorderCtrl team told New Scientist that they are “quite confident” that can be raised to 85 percent.
War in space may happen soon, but it won’t be what you expect | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23831730-200-war-in-space-may-happen-soon-but-it-wont-be-what-you-ex
orbital conflict won’t be a battle of spaceships and bombs
the US space force already exists. The Air Force Space Command has been around since 1982 and employs more than double the number of people at NASA, the US civilian space agency, to operate and protect military satellites. The space force proposal for Congress wasn’t really about creating a new branch of the military, but part of a long-running push to move the space command out from under air force leadership, making space a higher priority.
a space war is most likely to be waged more discreetly, with jamming, spoofing and hacking
The #Outer_Space_Treaty prohibits deploying weapons of mass destruction in space
This is cyberwarfare on a new stage, and international law has yet to catch up. “In terms of legal restrictions on war in space, there is precious little,” says Frans von der Dunk at the Nebraska College of Law. The Outer Space Treaty prohibits deploying weapons of mass destruction in space, but it doesn’t have any specific rules about regular weaponry. More importantly, because it was drafted in 1967, it doesn’t say anything about cyberwarfare.
#espace #guerre #cyberguerre #satellites #USAC #États-Unis #débris
The Quiet Revolution of CRISPR - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/the-quiet-revolution-of-crispr
CRISPR’s not on the cusp of anything.WikicommonsHow many diseases could humans treat if the DNA in troublesome cells could be edited within the body? Half? Most? How about “absolutely everything”? That was the answer Irina Conboy, a bioengineer at U.C. Berkeley, recently gave to New Scientist. Her optimism illustrates the promise, announced three years ago, of CRISPR-Cas9—the new tool scientists have to edit the genome directly, quickly, and cheaply.What progress might 2018 bring? In October the website Futurism declared, “CRISPR Is on the Cusp of Eradicating a Host of Diseases.” It’d be more accurate to say CRISPR is close to starting some clinical trials on eradication. “The field is currently over-optimistic about possible results of clinical trials,” Alexey Bersenev, the director of the (...)
We can stop hacking and trolls, but it would ruin the #internet | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23531383-300-we-can-stop-hacking-and-trolls-but-it-would-ruin-the-in
A new way to run the internet would scupper ransomware and hacking, but its authoritarian backers could control everything we do online
The ’creepy Facebook AI’ story that captivated the media - BBC News
▻http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-40790258
Where did the story come from?
Way back in June, Facebook published a blog post about interesting research on chatbot programs - which have short, text-based conversations with humans or other bots. The story was covered by New Scientist and others at the time.
Facebook had been experimenting with bots that negotiated with each other over the ownership of virtual items.
It was an effort to understand how linguistics played a role in the way such discussions played out for negotiating parties, and crucially the bots were programmed to experiment with language in order to see how that affected their dominance in the discussion.
A few days later, some coverage picked up on the fact that in a few cases the exchanges had become - at first glance - nonsensical:
Bob: “I can can I I everything else”
Alice: “Balls have zero to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to”
Although some reports insinuate that the bots had at this point invented a new language in order to elude their human masters, a better explanation is that the neural networks were simply trying to modify human language for the purposes of more successful interactions - whether their approach worked or not was another matter.
As technology news site Gizmodo said: “In their attempts to learn from each other, the bots thus began chatting back and forth in a derived shorthand - but while it might look creepy, that’s all it was.”
AIs that rework English as we know it in order to better compute a task are not new.
Google reported that its translation software had done this during development. “The network must be encoding something about the semantics of the sentence” Google said in a blog.
And earlier this year, Wired reported on a researcher at OpenAI who is working on a system in which AIs invent their own language, improving their ability to process information quickly and therefore tackle difficult problems more effectively.
The story seems to have had a second wind in recent days, perhaps because of a verbal scrap over the potential dangers of AI between Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg and technology entrepreneur Elon Musk.
Robo-fear
But the way the story has been reported says more about cultural fears and representations of machines than it does about the facts of this particular case.
Plus, let’s face it, robots just make for great villains on the big screen.
In the real world, though, AI is a huge area of research at the moment and the systems currently being designed and tested are increasingly complicated.
Boom in human gene editing as 20 CRISPR trials gear up | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2133095-boom-in-human-gene-editing-as-20-crispr-trials-gear-up
The CRISPR genome editing revolution continues to advance at an astounding pace. As many as 20 human trials will be under way soon, mostly in China, New Scientist has learned.
One of these trials will involve the first-ever attempt to edit cells while they are inside the body. The aim is to prevent cervical cancers by using CRISPR to target and destroy the genes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) that cause tumour growth. This study is due to begin in July at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in China.
Gene therapy, which involves adding extra genes to cells, was first used to cure people in 1990, but it is mainly useful for treating rare genetic disorders. In contrast, gene-editing, which involves altering existing genes inside cells, promises to treat or cure a much wider range of conditions, from HIV infection to high blood cholesterol.
The HPV trial, meanwhile, will break new ground. Instead of editing cells outside the body, a gel containing DNA coding for the CRISPR machinery will be applied to the cervix. The CRISPR machinery should leave the DNA of normal cells untouched, but in cells infected by HPV, it should destroy the viral genes, preventing them from turning cancerous.
“Targeting HPVs seems a sensible approach if they can deliver the genome-editing components to sufficient numbers of cells,” says Robin Lovell-Badge of the Crick Institute in the UK.
#génomique #médecine
“It is tricky to do these experiments in animals as they are not infectable by HPV,” says Bryan Cullen of Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, whose group also hopes to use gene editing to get rid of HPV. But there is a risk of off-target mutations leading to cancer, he warns.
Gene editing opens doors to seedless fruit with no need for bees | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127640-gene-editing-opens-doors-to-seedless-fruit-with-no-need-for-be
Don’t like the seeds in tomatoes? You might be pleased to know that seedless ones have been created by gene editing.
The technique will make it possible to make a much wider range of seedless fruits than is currently available – and also means farmers might not have to rely on declining bee populations. Whether we ever see such fruits on supermarket shelves, however, may depend on how regulators decide to treat gene-edited crops.
Une belle entrée en matière... on aurait aussi pu ajouter qu’on aurait plus besoin de paysans.
Mais tout est du même acabit... en théorie tout est devenu possible.
“We haven’t tasted them yet, but in theory they should taste the same,” says Osakabe.
The downside for farmers is that seedless plants have to be grown from cuttings, which may be more labour-intenstive. Tomatoes are usually grown from seed, but they can also be propagated by cuttings.
Some people also like the flavour that tomato seeds add. Seedless versions would, however, be ideal for processing into sauces and pastes.
On retrouve à nouveau cette logique anti-naturelle qui fait remonter du process agro-alimentaire vers la production agricole : ce sera mieux pour les plats préparés et les sauces en boîte.
Mais le plus beau reste la conclusion :
Whether these seedless varieties make it to shop shelves may depend on whether gene-edited plants have to meet the same criteria for approval as genetically modified plants, which would greatly increase costs. Some argue that where gene-editing is used to introduce mutations already found in some of the plant we eat, it should not require such strict regulation.
Si c’est pareil, c’est la même chose, et donc ça reste pareil. Ne venez pas regarder de plus près, ça coûte trop cher.
comme dirait le dernier xkcd…
Je trouve le débat autour de CRISPR intéressant. D’après ce que j’ai compris, ça ne me parait pas être dans la même catégorie que les #OGM, je trouve pas ça plus choquant que les mutations provoquées par irradiation.
Pour les tomates j’ai franchement du mal à imaginer qu’une tomate sans graine à propager par bouture soit pertinente. Mais ça ne m’étonnerait pas qu’ils prennent la tomate car le génome est très bien connu. Le potentiel se trouve clairement au niveau des fruits dans ce cas bien précis.
The CRISPR Tomato That Has No Seeds
Le résumé des trois articles parlant de cette tomate sans graines publié dans la lettre de la MIT Technology Review est proprement sidérant. Des fruits qui murissent avant de faire des graines et qui n’ont pas besoin de pollinisateurs... voilà ce qui va garantir la sécurité alimentaire. Hubris scientifique poussé à son maximum, et en même temps acceptation de la dystopie climatique qui nous menace. Avoir peur de l’avenir, ne pas faire confiance aux paysans (qui ne pourront pas ressemer ces tomates sans graines, bien ouej) et inventer un techno-fix qui va rapporter des millions.
A newly engineered tomato could help increase food security. The CRISPR gene-editing tool shows great promise in helping us engineer better food. And now researchers from Tokushima University in Japan have used it to create seedless tomatoes, by introducing a genetic modification to increase production of a hormone that causes fruits to develop before seeds have formed. As New Scientist notes, the resulting plants don’t require pollination, which means that they could be grown in areas where insect life fails to help nature’s reproduction.
Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals – and us | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2112298-food-made-from-natural-gas-will-soon-feed-farm-animals-and-us
All of the food you’ve ever eaten was made with sunlight captured by plants just a few months or years before you ate it. But some of the energy on your plate could soon come from sunlight captured by plants millions of years ago, thanks to plans to feed livestock with fossil fuels.
A biotechnology company called Calysta, based in Menlo Park, California, is set to announce the first ever large-scale factory that uses microbes to turn natural gas – methane – into a high-protein food for the animals we eat. The factory, which will be built in the US in collaboration with food-giant Cargill, will produce 200,000 tonnes of feed a year.
#alimentation_cyborg #agriculture_cyborg #élevage #gaz #it_has_begun
Marriage Markets and Male Mating Effort: Violence and Crime Are Elevated Where Men Are Rare | SpringerLink
▻https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12110-016-9271-x
The negative social outcomes in populations with male-biased sex ratios are a growing concern. In general, the expectation is of heightened violence as a result of excess men engaging in antisocial behavior and crime, thereby threatening societal stability. While intuitive, these claims are largely unsupported in the literature. Using mating market theory as our guide, we examine indicators of male mating effort, including (1) violent competition between men (homicide, aggravated assault) and (2) indicators of uncommitted sexual behavior (rape, sex offenses, and prostitution). Our unit of analysis is U.S. county-level data. We find that counties with more men have lower rates of crime and violent behavior. Our findings challenge conventional claims of male excess leading to elevated levels of violence. Instead, in support of mating market predictions, we find that criminal and violent behavior related to male mating effort is least common in male-biased sex ratios. We discuss the implications of our findings for public policy regarding incarceration and criminal behavior.
Men are more violent when there are more women around | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2107806-men-are-more-violent-when-there-are-more-women-around
Animalistic logic
Schacht says the work has implications for crime prevention: “The take-home message for me is that we are overly focused on male excess when we should reorient to places with more women,” says Schacht.
Work in China, where men dramatically outnumber women – especially in rural villages -–because of the government’s old one-child-per-family rule, reveals a slightly different pattern, says Therese Hesketh at University College London. “In China, we didn’t find a relationship between excess males and violence,” she says. “Instead, many single rural men were depressed and introverted. Although they scored slightly higher on measures of aggression, there was no evidence of increased crime or fearfulness among women.”
“Recent work in animals also shows quite similar findings to ours, that when females are abundant and males rare, males are more violently competitive, more promiscuous and less likely to invest in offspring,” says Schacht.
Algorithmic trading could be to blame for pound’s ‘flash crash’ | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2108386-algorithmic-trading-could-be-to-blame-for-pounds-flash-crash
Kathleen Brooks, research director at spreadbetter City Index, said: “Apparently it was a rogue algorithm that triggered the sell-off after it picked up comments made by the French President, Francois Hollande, who said if Theresa May and co want hard Brexit, they will get hard Brexit.”
Yes, Your Brain Does Process Information - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/yes-your-brain-does-process-information
Do you know what information is? No worries if you don’t. Clarity on the concept is apparently hard to come by. In a May cover story, New Scientist wondered, “What is information?” The answer: “a mystery bound up with thermodynamics” that “seems to play a part in everything from how machines work to how living creatures function.” Plausible enough—genomes, immune systems, and brains all seem to process information. Yet published the next week was an essay on Aeon by Robert Epstein, a senior research psychologist at the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology, explaining, “Your brain does not process information” (emphasis mine). “We are organisms, not computers. Get over it. Let’s get on with the business of trying to understand ourselves, but without being encumbered by (...)
Revealed : Google AI has access to huge haul of NHS patient data
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/2086454-revealed-google-ai-has-access-to-huge-haul-of-nhs-patient-data
A data-sharing agreement obtained by New Scientist shows that Google DeepMind’s collaboration with the NHS goes far beyond what it has publicly announced It’s no secret that Google has broad ambitions in healthcare. But a document obtained by New Scientist reveals that the tech giant’s collaboration with the UK’s National Health Service goes far beyond what has been publicly announced. The document – a data-sharing agreement between Google-owned artificial intelligence company DeepMind and the (...)
#Google #santé #NHS #surveillance_des_malades #data #DeepMind
##santé
65 per cent of Europe’s electronic waste is stolen or mismanaged | New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28114-65-per-cent-of-europes-electronic-waste-is-stolen-or-mismanage
A two-year investigation into Europe’s electronic waste found that most of it is stolen, mismanaged, illegally traded, or just plain thrown away.
The European Union has guidelines on how to correctly dispose of unwanted electronics, like IT equipment, household appliances, or medical devices. But, according to a report published Sunday by the United Nations University and INTERPOL, only 35 per cent of electronic waste was disposed of correctly in 2012.
Meanwhile, criminals absconded out of Europe with 1.3 million tonnes of undocumented equipment, such as laptops, circuit boards, or refrigerators. The loss of functional components or the precious metals inside cost the European Union up to 1.7 billion euros each year, say the researchers.
Meet the electric life forms that live on pure energy - New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25894-meet-the-electric-life-forms-that-live-on-pure-energy
Nealson’s team is one of a handful that is now growing these bacteria directly on electrodes, keeping them alive with electricity and nothing else – neither sugars nor any other kind of nutrient. The highly dangerous equivalent in humans, he says, would be for us to power up by shoving our fingers in a DC electrical socket.
Cyber attack: How easy is it to take out a smart city? - New Scientist
▻https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27997-cyber-attack-how-easy-is-it-to-take-out-a-smart-city
Hackers can target multiple layers, from breaking into officials’ email accounts to tapping wires underneath drain covers in the street, to targeting your home.
“The complexity is really off the scale,” says Greg Conti, director of the US Army Cyber Institute at West Point, New York. His research suggests that cities vary widely in terms of how prepared they are for possible attacks.
Our dream scenario for Philae – and mission finale for #Rosetta - space - 17 June 2015 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27736-our-dream-scenario-for-philae--and-mission-finale-for-rosetta.
What happens when the comet leaves the sun far behind?
We expect Rosetta to finish its mission in September or October 2016. After that, the distance between Rosetta and the sun will be so great that it would have to go into hibernation. We have decided to stop the mission before that happens, though, since it doesn’t have enough fuel to come back from such a hibernation.
How will Rosetta end its active service?
At the end of the mission, we are now intending to park Rosetta on 67P. The plan is for it to slowly spiral down towards the comet, doing science until the very last moment, before getting lost on the surface somewhere. We have started to calculate how to execute this final manoeuvre. It should be an interesting finale.
Les #océans continuent de monter
Qui dit vrai ? Il semblerait que le « ralentissement » observé dans la dernière décennie soit en fait le résultat d’une erreur de calcul, remontant à la façon de mesurer d’un satellite, Topex A, entre 1993 et 1999. Les appareils appelés marégraphes, employés à travers le monde pour mesurer le niveau des eaux se sont par ailleurs multipliés ces dernières décennies et permettent des mesures régionales plus précises.
▻http://www.sciencepresse.qc.ca/actualite/2015/05/14/oceans-continuent-monter
L’article reprend un article du New Scientist qui se réfère à cette étude.
Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era : Nature Climate Change : Nature Publishing Group
▻http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2635.html
The rate of global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise has been suggested to be lower for the past decade compared with the preceding decade as a result of natural variability1, with an average rate of rise since 1993 of +3.2 ± 0.4 mm yr−1 (refs 2, 3). However, satellite-based GMSL estimates do not include an allowance for potential instrumental drifts (bias drift4, 5). Here, we report improved bias drift estimates for individual altimeter missions from a refined estimation approach that incorporates new Global Positioning System (GPS) estimates of vertical land movement (VLM). In contrast to previous results (for example, refs 6, 7), we identify significant non-zero systematic drifts that are satellite-specific, most notably affecting the first 6 years of the GMSL record. Applying the bias drift corrections has two implications. First, the GMSL rate (1993 to mid-2014) is systematically reduced to between +2.6 ± 0.4 mm yr−1 and +2.9 ± 0.4 mm yr−1, depending on the choice of VLM applied. These rates are in closer agreement with the rate derived from the sum of the observed contributions2, GMSL estimated from a comprehensive network of tide gauges with GPS-based VLM applied (updated from ref. 8) and reprocessed ERS-2/Envisat altimetry9. Second, in contrast to the previously reported slowing in the rate during the past two decades1, our corrected GMSL data set indicates an acceleration in sea-level rise (independent of the VLM used), which is of opposite sign to previous estimates and comparable to the accelerated loss of ice from Greenland and to recent projections2, 10, and larger than the twentieth-century acceleration2, 8, 10.
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La page de l’auteur principal à l’Université de Tasmanie
Christopher Watson - Profiles - University of Tasmania, Australia
▻http://www.utas.edu.au/profiles/staff/christopher-watson
Sea level rise estimates derived by Dr Watson and his colleagues can be compared with other observations that measure the different contributions to the overall sea level change signal.
’Understanding for example the contributions from the earth’s ice sheets is really important – the collaborations available here in Hobart on this topic are really exciting.
’It is now clear that as a society on this planet, we have tweaked one of the controlling inputs into the earth system–heat. This has given the system a kick and the different components of the system are responding.
’There are many unanswered questions in this field and we need answers to best underpin mitigation and adaptation strategies’
One goal is to determine the regional impact of sea level rise. The rise won’t be consistent across the globe. Some places will experience more sea level rise than others. Different coastal landforms will respond in very different ways.
’I enjoy trying to provide the most accurate data possible to allow us to make intelligent and informed decisions. For society to respond to the challenge ahead, we need to be informed about what we’re facing.’
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La fin de l’article du New Scientist
Apparent slowing of sea level rise is artefact of satellite data - environment - 11 May 2015 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27497-apparent-slowing-of-sea-level-rise-is-artefact-of-satellite-da
The IPCC figure, though, is based on the questionable assumption that there will be no sudden break-up of the great ice sheets. Some researchers expect the break-up to happen faster, so the sea level could rise by 2 metres or even more by 2100.
What’s more, since the IPCC report was written, there has been a series of very grim findings.
Last year, we heard that the collapse of part of the West Antarctic ice sheet containing enough water to raise the sea level 1.2 metres could not be stopped. This year it emerged that part of the East Antarctic ice sheet, which was not expected to lose much ice for many centuries, may be unstable too. It holds enough ice to raise the sea level by 3.2 metres.
“The new science seems to be strengthening the possibility of ’much worse’,” says Alley. In other words, we are on course for a rise in the sea level of many metres.
That means many low-lying coastal areas and cities are doomed.
What is not clear yet is whether it will take centuries for the sea to drown them or whether it could happen much sooner. Most think it will be many centuries, but there is no way to be sure. “We cannot exclude the possibility of an abrupt change, a ’drunk driver’ in the climate system,” says Alley.
If Black People Lived As Long As White People, Election Results Would Be Very Different
▻http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2015/05/black-deaths-american-election-results
Et ceci malgré la proportion d’Afro-americains en prison ou y ayant été,
While everyone’s attention right now is on racial injustice in the context of policing, one of the study’s authors, Arline Geronimus, noted that most premature black deaths were linked to chronic health conditions that afflict black people more than white people. “If you’re losing a voting population, you’re losing the support for the policies that would help that population,” she told New Scientist. “As long as there’s this huge inequality in health and mortality, there’s a diminished voice to speak out against the problem.”
Robots go deep inside Fukushima nuclear plant to map radiation - tech - 16 April 2015 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630172.300-robots-go-deep-inside-fukushima-nuclear-plant-to-map-ra
Robots armed with new radiation-sensing cameras are performing surveys in areas of the stricken plant where radiation levels are too high for humans to enter
IN THE dark abandoned shell of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, Rosemary and Sakura shoot what looks like a dystopian first-person shooter game. Rosemary scans her environment, while Sakura records every move.
Robot subs find Antarctic sea ice thicker than expected - environment - 24 November 2014 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26606-robot-subs-find-antarctic-sea-ice-thicker-than-expected.html
The plot thickens, or should it be the ice? The most detailed and comprehensive 3D map so far of Antarctica’s winter sea ice shows that big parts of it are much thicker and more smashed-up than we thought, in fact, three times as thick. Data from this map will help us fill in some of the biggest gaps in our global climate models.
The growth of Antarctic sea ice, which reached an all-time record extent this year, is one of the biggest geophysical changes that happen on Earth each year.
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDDPaHDELgw
Free will persists (even if your brain made you do it) - health - 19 September 2014 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26242-free-will-persists-even-if-your-brain-made-you-do-it.html?cmpi
’Epigenetic’ gene tweaks seem to trigger cancer - health - 25 July 2014 - New Scientist
▻http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25959-epigenetic-gene-tweaks-seem-to-trigger-cancer.html?cmpid=RSS|N