organization:federal security service

  • Russian nuclear scientists arrested for ’Bitcoin mining plot’ - BBC News
    http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43003740

    Russian security officers have arrested several scientists working at a top-secret Russian nuclear warhead facility for allegedly mining crypto-currencies.

    The suspects had tried to use one of Russia’s most powerful supercomputers to mine Bitcoins, media reports say.

    The Federal Nuclear Centre in Sarov, western Russia, is a restricted area.

    The centre’s press service said: “There has been an unsanctioned attempt to use computer facilities for private purposes including so-called mining.

    The supercomputer was not supposed to be connected to the internet - to prevent intrusion - and once the scientists attempted to do so, the nuclear centre’s security department was alerted. They were handed over to the Federal Security Service (FSB), the Russian news service Mash says.

    As far as we are aware, a criminal case has been launched against them,” the press service told Interfax news agency.
    Crypto-currencies like Bitcoin do not rely on centralised computer servers. People who provide computer processing power to the crypto-currency system, to enable transactions to take place, can get rewards in Bitcoins.

    • vu via Le Monde (sous #paywall) qui ajoute d’autres exemples.

      En Russie, des ingénieurs « minaient » des bitcoins dans un centre nucléaire
      http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2018/02/17/en-russie-des-ingenieurs-minaient-des-bitcoins-dans-un-centre-nucleaire_5258

      Des ingénieurs de l’Institut panrusse de recherche scientifique en physique expérimentale n’ont pas résisté à la tentation. Plusieurs d’entre eux ont été interpellés début février, après avoir tenté de « miner » du bitcoin sur les ordinateurs de ce centre nucléaire russe situé à Sarov, dans la région de Nijni-Novgorod. Même ici, dans cette ville fermée, autrefois connue sous son nom de code d’#Arzamas-16, où fut mise au point « Tsar Bomba », la bombe nucléaire soviétique, dans l’un des endroits encore aujourd’hui les plus sécurisés de Russie, la monnaie virtuelle a fini par s’introduire.

      « Il y a eu, en effet, une tentative d’utiliser les capacités informatiques à des fins personnelles, y compris pour gagner des bitcoins. Une enquête pénale a été ouverte », confirmait, un peu dépitée, Tatiana Zalesskaïa, porte-parole de l’Institut, citée le 9 février par l’agence Interfax. Le site, il est vrai, possède quelque atout. Le « minage », c’est-à-dire la création sur le réseau de cryptomonnaies, nécessite d’effectuer des calculs mathématiques complexes sur de puissants ordinateurs, très gourmands en énergie. Or, en 2011, le centre de Sarov s’était équipé d’un superordinateur, avec une capacité de calcul atteignant 1 pétaflop, ce qui en faisait alors l’un des plus puissants du monde. Seul problème : les machines n’étaient pas reliées à Internet – un obstacle vite résolu par les pros de l’atome. Le cours du bitcoin oscillait alors autour de 8 000 dollars (environ 6 000 euros à l’époque).

      La folie du bitcoin pose un problème particulier en Russie, où l’énergie ne coûte pas cher. « Les abus deviennent de plus en plus fréquents », relève le journal économique Vedomosti. En décembre 2017, l’administrateur système de Vnoukovo, l’un des trois grands aéroports de Moscou, avait ainsi été repéré à cause des variations de tension dans le réseau interne que...

    • Une recherche sur le site de Vedomosti donne d’abondants résultats… Outre les infos qu’on a vu passer ici, p. ex. sur la consommation électrique excessive en Islande, on trouve des choses moins connues

      • le vice-ministre de l’Énergie ne voit pas de mal à miner, ça permet d’écouler une production électrique abondante ; il recommande aux mineurs potentiels de s’installer dans des endroits où il fait froid (Sibérie ou péninsule de Kola)

      Минэнерго посоветовало строить фермы криптовалют на Кольском полуострове – ВЕДОМОСТИ
      https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/news/2018/02/16/751253-minenergo-posovetovalo

      Заместитель министра энергетики России Вячеслав Кравченко посоветовал майнерам строить фермы криптовалют на Кольском полуострове в арктической зоне, где есть переизбыток генерации электроэнергии.
      По словам замминистра, Минэнерго положительно относится к майнерам криптовалют в Сибири, которые пользуются дешевым тарифом на электроэнергию. Кравченко отметил, что ведомство не видит в этом ничего плохого, потому что майнеры создают дополнительный спрос.
      «Мы относимся к этому нормально. Майнеры идут туда, где электроэнергия дешевая. В моем понимании, если система выдерживает, почему бы и нет», — сказал Кравченко в кулуарах Российского инвестиционного форума в Сочи (цитата ТАСС).

      • la Tchétchénie achète des #bitcoins pour pouvoir surveiller la crypto-monnaie, Ramzan Kadyrov met en garde contre les risques de tels investissements (un système pyramidal…) et la Tchétchénie prévoit de recourir à la technologie du #blockchain

      Кадыров рассказал о решении купить биткойны – ВЕДОМОСТИ
      https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2018/02/10/750559-kadirov-rasskazal

      Глава Чечни Рамзан Кадыров решил купить биткойны, чтобы «следить за развитием криптовалюты». Об этом он написал в своем Telegram-канале. При этом он отметил, что инвестиция в биткойны – «штука сомнительная» и «можно потерять все деньги», потому что нет никакой страховки и развито мошенничество в сфере криптовалют.
      Кадыров считает, что криптовалюты должны регулироваться законодательством, но не должны запрещаться. «Главное, обезопасить граждан от финансовых пирамид и других мошеннических схем», – написал он.
      Глава Чечни добавил, что «в постоянно меняющемся мире технологий нужно самому совершенствоваться». Он напомнил, что в республике также планируют использовать технологию блокчейна. Ранее Кадыров сообщал, что в Чечне создана рабочая группа по внедрению блокчейна.

    • Les abus pour rejoindre les réseaux de cryptomonnaies se multiplient dans les entreprises russes, où l’électricité ne coûte pas cher.

      Des ingénieurs de l’Institut panrusse de recherche scientifique en physique expérimentale n’ont pas résisté à la tentation. Plusieurs d’entre eux ont été interpellés début février, après avoir tenté de « miner » du bitcoin sur les ordinateurs de ce centre nucléaire russe situé à Sarov, dans la région de Nijni-Novgorod. Même ici, dans cette ville fermée, autrefois connue sous son nom de code d’Arzamas-16, où fut mise au point « Tsar Bomba », la bombe nucléaire soviétique, dans l’un des endroits encore aujourd’hui les plus sécurisés de Russie, la monnaie virtuelle a fini par s’introduire.

      « Il y a eu, en effet, une tentative d’utiliser les capacités informatiques à des fins personnelles, y compris pour gagner des bitcoins. Une enquête pénale a été ouverte », confirmait, un peu dépitée, Tatiana Zalesskaïa, porte-parole de l’Institut, citée le 9 février par l’agence Interfax. Le site, il est vrai, possède quelque atout. Le « minage », c’est-à-dire la création sur le réseau de cryptomonnaies, nécessite d’effectuer des calculs mathématiques complexes sur de puissants ordinateurs, très gourmands en énergie. Or, en 2011, le centre de Sarov s’était équipé d’un superordinateur, avec une capacité de calcul atteignant 1 pétaflop, ce qui en faisait alors l’un des plus puissants du monde. Seul problème : les machines n’étaient pas reliées à Internet – un obstacle vite résolu par les pros de l’atome. Le cours du bitcoin oscillait alors autour de 8 000 dollars (environ 6 000 euros à l’époque).

      La chasse aux fraudeurs est ouverte

      La folie du bitcoin pose un problème particulier en Russie, où l’énergie ne coûte pas cher. « Les abus deviennent de plus en plus fréquents », relève le journal économique Vedomosti. En décembre 2017, l’administrateur système de Vnoukovo, l’un des trois grands aéroports de Moscou, avait ainsi été repéré à cause des variations de tension dans le réseau interne que son activité souterraine provoquait. Appâté par les gains substantiels du bitcoin convertible en monnaie sonnante et trébuchante, il s’était mis lui aussi à en fabriquer. En Crimée, dans la péninsule ukrainienne annexée par la Russie en 2014, le chef du département matériel et son adjoint ont fait tourner plus d’une dizaine d’ordinateurs dans les sous-sols de l’administration, avant de se faire prendre, à leur tour, la main sur le clavier.

      La chasse aux fraudeurs est ouverte. German Gref, patron de la première banque de Russie, la Sberbank, l’a récemment admis : « Souvent, nous attrapons des employés qui se servent de nos équipements. »

      Mais voici qu’en Tchétchénie un autre problème a surgi. Le bitcoin est-il conforme aux règles de l’islam ? Les fatwas émises en Egypte et en Palestine pour bannir les monnaies virtuelles « n’obligent en rien les musulmans des autres pays », a déjà prévenu Ramzan Kadyrov en convoquant le grand mufti de Grozny afin de régler ce problème. L’implacable dirigeant de cette région du Caucase russe à majorité musulmane a de quoi être contrarié. Il a lui-même décidé d’arrondir sa fortune en investissant dans le secteur.

  • [#book] The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia’s Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries
    (Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan, 2015)

    http://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/book/hardcover/the-red-web/9781610395731

    On the eighth floor of an ordinary-looking building in an otherwise residential district of southwest Moscow, in a room occupied by the Federal Security Service (FSB), is a box the size of a VHS player marked SORM. The Russian government’s front line in the battle for the future of the Internet, SORM is the world’s most intrusive listening device, monitoring e-mails, Internet usage, Skype, and all social networks.

    But for every hacker subcontracted by the FSB to interfere with Russia’s antagonists abroad—such as those who, in a massive denial-of-service attack, overwhelmed the entire Internet in neighboring Estonia—there is a radical or an opportunist who is using the web to chip away at the power of the state at home.

    Drawing from scores of interviews personally conducted with numerous prominent officials in the Ministry of Communications and web-savvy activists challenging the state, Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan peel back the history of advanced surveillance systems in Russia. From research laboratories in Soviet-era labor camps, to the legalization of government monitoring of all telephone and Internet communications in the 1990s, to the present day, their incisive and alarming investigation into the Kremlin’s massive online-surveillance state exposes just how easily a free global exchange can be coerced into becoming a tool of repression and geopolitical warfare. Dissidents, oligarchs, and some of the world’s most dangerous hackers collide in the uniquely Russian virtual world of The Red Web.

    The Red Web: Russia and the Internet

    https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/red-web

    The Internet in Russia is a battleground between activists who would use it as a tool of political and cultural freedom and government officials who see it as a powerful instrument of political control, write investigative journalists Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan in their new book The Red Web. For now, the government appears to be winning the battle.

    Soldatov and Borogan trace the underlying conflict back to official anxiety in the Soviet era about the hazards of freedom of information. In the 1950s, the first Soviet photocopy machine was physically destroyed at the direction of the government “because it threatened to spread information beyond the control of those who ruled.”

    [...]

    In a chapter devoted to the case of Edward Snowden, the authors express disappointment in Snowden’s unwillingness to comment on Russian surveillance or to engage with Russian journalists. “To us, the silence seemed odd and unpleasant.”

    More important, they say that Snowden actually made matters in Russia worse.

    Snowden may not have known or realized it, but his disclosures emboldened those in Russia who wanted more control over the Internet,” they write.

    Because the Snowden disclosures were framed not as a categorical challenge to surveillance, but exclusively as an exposure of U.S. and allied practices, they were exploited by the Russian government to legitimize its own preference for “digital sovereignty.”

    Snowden provided “cover for something the Kremlin wanted all along– to force Facebook, Twitter, and Google’s services, Gmail and YouTube, to be subject to Russian legislation, which meant providing backdoor access to the Russian security services.”

    [...]

    The Red Web provides a salutary reminder for Western readers that the so-called U.S. “surveillance state” has hardly begun to exercise the possibilities of political control implied in that contemptuous term. For all of its massive collection of private data, the National Security Agency — unlike its Russian counterparts — has not yet interfered in domestic elections, censored private websites, disrupted public gatherings, or gained unrestricted access to domestic communications.

    #Snowden #Edward_Snowden
    #surveillance #NSA #FSB

    • https://www.ft.com/content/7efff020-5642-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2

      The authors also chart the history of #SORM, a system as sinister as its ugly acronym suggests. The Sistema Operativno-Rozysknikh Meropriyatiy, or System of Operative Search Measures, has been giving the FSB, successor to the KGB, a back door to spy on internet communications since 1998. At one point, Soldatov the younger comes eye to eye with a Sorm device. “The heavy metal door was opened, and Andrei quietly stepped inside a small room, packed with equipment on the racks. One of them had a small black box. It was labelled Sorm. It had a few cables and a few lights. Andrei was told that when the small green lamp was illuminated on the box, the FSB guys on the eighth floor have something to do. As he looked down, Andrei saw the small green lamp winking.”

      But Sorm was not born in 1998, the year Mr Putin became head of the FSB: as Soldatov and Borogan establish through interviews with KGB sources and engineers, the ancestors of the black box were in fact Soviet-era phone-tapping systems. To develop them, the KGB enlisted some of its enemies; in a prison lab near Moscow, dissident Lev Kopelev was set to work on speech-recognition techniques.

      [...]

      And yet, in its efforts to gain the upper hand over the internet, Russia’s security apparatus appears clumsy, with activists outsmarting some of the intrusive surveillance. If the book has one shortcoming, it is that it fails to offer a conclusive explanation for this. The authors state that the regime is helpless in the face of a decentralised network. “Information runs free like water or air on a network, not easily captured,” they say.

  • The Ships That Helped Silence the Early USSR’s Intellectuals | Atlas Obscura
    http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/philosophers-ships-soviet-intellectual-ussr-russia

    The USSR was first established in December of 1922, but months earlier, the new nation’s future leaders ordered the deportation of a large number of Russian intellectuals. 

    The idea to exile the ideological opponents of the new Soviet state had come from Vladimir Lenin himself. In May of 1922, Lenin sent a letter to the head of the GPU, the state security organization in charge of, among other things, dealing with dissidents and enemies of the Soviet state. The letter ordered the director, Felix Dzerzhinsky, to organize teams to research the backgrounds and political leanings of academics and writers. Dzerzhinsky, a loyal Bolshevik, set to work and established a pair of committees, one to create a list of troublesome professors, and another to focus on students.
    […]
    On September 28, 1922, loaded with its cargo of exiled thinkers and their families, the ship Oberbürgermeister Haken disembarked for Germany. And in November of that year, a second German vessel, the Preussen, carried yet more deported thinkers to Germany as well. All told, some 220 prominent intellectuals were forcibly removed from Russia before the official establishment of the Soviet Union.

    via Maritime Monday, l’excellente revue de presse hebdomadaire de gCaptain, http://gcaptain.com/maritime-monday-feb-20-2017

  • Russia’s Playing a Double Game With Islamic Terror - The Daily Beast
    http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/08/23/russia-s-playing-a-double-game-with-islamic-terror.html

    Even as America touts its counterterrorism partnerships with Russia, evidence points to the FSB directly feeding Dagestanis to ISIS.
    It is an article of faith among the many critics of the current Russian government that, however unpleasant Vladimir Putin may be, he is still a necessary partner in one crucial field of U.S. foreign policy: cooperation in the war on Islamic terrorism.

    Proof, if it were needed, for how valued this cooperation is among U.S. policymakers came in the conspicuous absence of Alexander Bortnikov, the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB), Russia’s domestic intelligence agency, from sanctions levied by the Treasury Department against Russian officials. The sanctions targeted bureaucrats involved in both the invasion and occupation of Crimea and the unacknowledged maskirovka war that Moscow is still waging in eastern Ukraine—a war that has drawn amply on the resources of the FSB and has included several “former” FSB officers on the battlefield. Not only was Bortnikov not sanctioned, he was invited by the White House last February as a guest to President Obama’s three-day conference on “countering violent extremism,” whereas the current FBI director, James Comey, was not.
    […]
    It may sound paradoxical—helping the enemy of your friend—but the logic is actually straightforward: Better the terrorists go abroad and fight in Syria than blow things up in Russia. Penetrating and coopting terrorism also has a long, well-attested history in the annals of Chekist tradecraft.

    Milashina makes her case study the village of Novosasitili in Dagestan’s Khasavyurt district. Since 2011, nearly one percent of the total population of Novosasitili has gone to Syria—22 out of 2,500 residents. Of that figure, five were killed and five have returned home. But they didn’t leave Russia, a country notoriously difficult to enter and exit, without outside help. The FSB established a “green corridor” to allow them to migrate first to Turkey, and then into Syria. (Russians, including those living in the North Caucasus, can catch any of the daily non-stop flights to Istanbul and visit Turkey without a visa.)

  • Russian security services ‘shut down’ exhibition about wartime Britain and US - Telegraph
    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11528125/Russian-security-services-shut-down-exhibition-about-wartime-Britain-an

    An exhibition featuring Second World War photographs from the Imperial War Museum in London has been prevented from opening in Russia, reportedly on the orders of the Federal Security Service.
    Jon Sharp, the acting British consul general in Yekaterinburg, was obliged to call off a speech at the planned opening of the exhibition at the Metenkov House-Museum of Photography in the Urals city on Friday.
    The museum announced abruptly on Thursday that the exhibition of pictures of American and British troops and civilians during the war had been cancelled as the museum was being temporarily shut down “for technical reasons”.
    However, a report in the regional government-controlled newspaper, Oblastnaya Gazeta, said the museum had been closed “on the orders of the FSB, in a directive that came from Moscow”.
    The reason for the closure was the new exhibition, ‘Triumph and Tragedy: Allies in the Second World War’, which the employees of the museum prepared together with the American consulate,” the newspaper said on its website.
    (…)
    Raisa Zorina, the director of the Metenkov Museum, said: “I think there will be many theories about why we were closed down. We have agreed with the American consulate that we support the official version, which is that the museum is closed due to technical reasons.
    She added: “We don’t need a scandal and neither do they.
    (…)
    The British embassy in Moscow had promoted the exhibition on its Facebook page, promising that it would “recount events of the Second World War that are little known in Russia”.

    Sur ladite page FB, la photo mise en valeur est l’exécution du général Anton Dostler pour des faits qui n’ont pas grand chose à voir avec l’URSS.
    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Dostler

  • Russia opens corridor for evacuation of wounded, dead Ukrainian servicemen across border
    http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russia-opens-corridor-for-evacuation-of-wounded-dead-ukrainian-servicemen-

    Rostov-on-Don - 12 injured Ukrainian servicemen who underwent medical treatment in Russia and the bodies of two dead ones have been delivered to the Gukovo and Novoshakhtinsk checkpoints at the Russian-Ukrainian border, Vasily Malayev, a spokesman for the Federal Security Service (FSB) border department for the Rostov region, told Interfax on Saturday, July 26.

  • Russie défense Arctique Base navale Transport

    Russia to Set Up Naval Infrastructure in Arctic on Northern Sea Route – Patrushev | RIA Novosti

    http://en.ria.ru/mlitary_news/20120806/175015455.html

    Russia will create several infrastructure hubs along the Northern Sea Route in the Arctic to be used as temporary stations for Russian warships and border guard vessels, Security Council chief Nikolai Patrushev said on Monday.

    The authorities have drafted a list of “key double-purpose sites in remote areas of the Arctic seas along the Northern Sea Route” to enable “temporary stationing of Russian Navy warships and vessels operated by the Federal Security Service’s Border Guard Department,” Patrushev said during a meeting with officials in Siberia.