The Anthropocene Is Here: Humanity Has Pushed Earth Into a New Epoch
▻http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/the-anthropocene-is-here-humanity-has-pushed-earth-into-a-new-epoch
The Anthropocene Epoch has begun, according to a group of experts assembled at the International Geological Congress in Cape Town, South Africa this week.
After seven years of deliberation...
Intéressant. Début de l’époque : ~1950 ; marqueur principal : les retombées de plutonium…
As the working group articulated (▻http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2016/august/media-note-anthropocene-working-group-awg) in a media note on Monday :
« Changes to the Earth system that characterize the potential Anthropocene Epoch include marked acceleration to rates of erosion and sedimentation; large-scale chemical perturbations to the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements; the inception of significant change to global climate and sea level; and biotic changes such as unprecedented levels of species invasions across the Earth. Many of these changes are geologically long-lasting, and some are effectively irreversible.
These and related processes have left an array of signals in recent strata, including plastic, aluminium and concrete particles, artificial radionuclides, changes to carbon and nitrogen isotope patterns, fly ash particles, and a variety of fossilizable biological remains. Many of these signals will leave a permanent record in the Earth’s strata. »
Guardian compiled more “evidence of the Anthropocene,” saying humanity has:
– Pushed extinction rates of animals and plants far above the long-term average. The Earth is now on course to see 75 percent of species become extinct in the next few centuries if current trends continue.
– Increased levels of climate-warming CO2 in the atmosphere at the fastest rate for 66m years, with fossil-fuel burning pushing levels from 280 parts per million before the industrial revolution to 400ppm and rising today.
– Put so much plastic in our waterways and oceans that microplastic particles are now virtually ubiquitous, and plastics will likely leave identifiable fossil records for future generations to discover.
– Doubled the nitrogen and phosphorous in our soils in the past century with our fertilizer use. This is likely to be the largest impact on the nitrogen cycle in 2.5bn years.
– Left a permanent layer of airborne particulates in sediment and glacial ice such as black carbon from fossil fuel burning.
Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer „The “Anthropocene”“ Global Change Newsletter 41:17-18 (2000)
►http://www.igbp.net/download/18.316f18321323470177580001401/1376383088452/NL41.pdf
Paul J. Crutzen „Geology of mankind“ Nature 415:23 (2002)
►http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/387h/PAPERS/Crutzen2002.pdf
Johan Rockström, Will Steffen, Kevin Noone, Åsa Persson, F. Stuart Chapin, III, Eric F. Lambin, Timothy M. Lenton, Marten Scheffer, Carl Folke, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Björn Nykvist, Cynthia A. de Wit, Terry Hughes, Sander van der Leeuw, Henning Rodhe, Sverker Sörlin, Peter K. Snyder, Robert Costanza, Uno Svedin, Malin Falkenmark, Louise Karlberg, Robert W. Corell, Victoria J. Fabry, James Hansen, Brian Walker, Diana Liverman, Katherine Richardson, Paul Crutzen and Jonathan A. Foley „A safe operating space for humanity“ Nature 461:472–475 (2009)
►http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2009/2009_Rockstrom_ro02010z.pdf
Will Steffen, Åsa Persson, Lisa Deutsch, Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams, Katherine Richardson, Carole Crumley, Paul Crutzen, Carl Folke, Line Gordon, Mario Molina, Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Johan Rockström, Marten Scheffer, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, and Uno Svedin „The Anthropocene: from global change to planetary stewardship“ AMBIO 40:739–761 (2011).
►http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357752/pdf/13280_2011_Article_185.pdf
Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams, Alan Haywood and Michael Ellis The Anthropocene: a new epoch of geological time? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 369:835–841 (2011)
►http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1938/835.full.pdf
Anthony D. Barnosky, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Jordi Bascompte, Eric L. Berlow, James H. Brown, Mikael Fortelius, Wayne M. Getz, John Harte, Alan Hastings, Pablo A. Marquet, Neo D. Martinez, Arne Mooers, Peter Roopnarine, Geerat Vermeij, John W. Williams, Rosemary Gillespie, Justin Kitzes, Charles Marshall, Nicholas Matzke, David P. Mindell, Eloy Revilla and Adam B. Smith « Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere », Nature 486:52-58 (2012)
►http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/Barnoskyetal_nature_v486_n7401.pdf
Colin N. Waters, Jan Zalasiewicz, Colin Summerhayes, Anthony D. Barnosky, Clément Poirier, Agnieszka Gałuszka, Alejandro Cearreta, Matt Edgeworth, Erle C. Ellis, Michael Ellis, Catherine Jeandel, Reinhold Leinfelder, J. R. McNeill, Daniel deB. Richter, Will Steffen, James Syvitski, Davor Vidas, Michael Wagreich, Mark Williams, An Zhisheng, Jacques Grinevald, Eric Odada, Naomi Oreskes and Alexander P. Wolfe „The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene“ Science 351 (2016)
►http://faculty.eas.ualberta.ca/wolfe/eprints/Waters_et_al_2016.pdf
Clive Hamilton „Define the Anthropocene in terms of the whole Earth“ Nature 536:251 (2016)
►http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/1.20427!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/536251a.pdf
800 000 ans de hausse du taux de CO2 dans l’air
Audrey Garric, Le Monde, le 9 mai 2014
►https://seenthis.net/messages/255574
See How Humans Have Reshaped the Globe With This Interactive Atlas
Esri and Victoria Jaggard, Smithsonian, le 8 octobre 2014
►https://seenthis.net/messages/487592
L’Homme a fait entrer la Terre dans une nouvelle époque géologique
Pierre Le Hir, Le Monde, le 16 janvier 2015
►https://seenthis.net/messages/332016
Anthropocène ou pas ?
Rémi Sussan, Internet Actu, le 5 mai 2015
►https://seenthis.net/messages/367335
Where in the World Is the Anthropocene ?
Hannah Waters, Smithsonian, le 30 août 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/520441
Finalement j’ai tout résumé là :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/524060