Brief an die deutschen Journalisten "Wie tickt die Presse in diesem...
▻https://diasp.eu/p/7706154
Brief an die deutschen Journalisten „Wie tickt die Presse in diesem Land? Anders als in meiner Heimat, den Vereinigten Staaten? Was tun gegen „Fake News“? Dazu habe ich 53 Publizisten befragt. Ihr Selbstverständnis ergibt ein spannendes Bild.“ #Journalismus #Medien ▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/jay-rosen-schreibt-einen-brief-an-die-deutschen-journalisten-15765235.html
The Secrets of Surveillance Capitalism
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-secrets-of-surveillance-capitalism-14103616-p2.html?printPagedA
Des passages cités et traduits dans l’article de Mediapart « Facebook, emblème du "capitalisme de surveillance" » ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/683885
#Facebook, emblème du « capitalisme de surveillance »
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/070418/facebook-embleme-du-capitalisme-de-surveillance
Le détournement de 87 millions de profils Facebook par #Cambridge_Analytica afin d’influer sur la campagne présidentielle américaine a Mark Zuckerberg lors du Mobile World Congress en février 2016 à Barcelone © Facebook plongé la société de Mark Zuckerberg dans une crise sans précédent en la mettant face à un dilemme en apparence insoluble : comment rassurer investisseurs et utilisateurs alors que son modèle économique repose par définition sur la collecte massive des données personnelles ?
Même si Cambridge Analytica a bien dérobé quelque 87 millions de profils, c’est en fait quasiment toute l’économie du numérique qui repose sur une collecte massive des données des utilisateurs. Avant l’explosion du scandale, la société se vantait d’ailleurs de posséder des profils sur 220 millions d’Américains, des données obtenues légalement auprès des multiples « data brokers » ou vendeurs de données du pays. Ce modèle économique auquel sont irrémédiablement liés Facebook mais également Google ou Twitter a été théorisé sous l’expression de « capitalisme de surveillance ».
Le concept a fait l’objet d’une première définition dans un article des universitaires John Bellamy Foster et Robert W. McChesney, publié en juillet 2014 sur le site Monthly Review. Dans celui-ci, les auteurs font du capitalisme de surveillance l’évolution naturelle du complexe militaro-industriel dénoncé par les président Dwight Eisenhower dans son célèbre discours de janvier 1961. Ils rappellent les origines militaires du Net et les efforts constants déployés par l’armée pour contrôler la recherche et les industries de pointe.
L’article du Monthly Review en question, que j’avais pas vu passer : ▻►https://seenthis.net/messages/328312
Avec aussi le concept de #surplus_comportemental développé par ▻https://twitter.com/shoshanazuboff
« [...] les utilisateurs ne sont ni des acheteurs ni des vendeurs ni des produits. Les utilisateurs sont une source de matériaux bruts gratuits [...] »
Dans un article publié en 2016 dans la Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, elle explique comment « le capitalisme a été détourné par un projet de surveillance lucratif ». Ce détournement a eu lieu, raconte Shoshana Zuboff, lorsque Google a pris conscience du profit qu’il pouvait tirer des données comportementales de ses utilisateurs, données qu’elle désigne sous le terme de « surplus comportemental ».
« Le succès dramatique de Google dans le “matching” des publicités et des pages a révélé la valeur transformationnelle de ce surplus comportemental comme moyen de générer des revenus et, finalement, de transformer les investissements en capital », écrit Shoshana Zuboff. « Dans ce contexte, les utilisateurs ne sont plus une fin en eux-mêmes. À la place, ils sont devenus un moyen de faire des profits dans un nouveau type de marché dans lequel les utilisateurs ne sont ni des acheteurs ni des vendeurs ni des produits. Les utilisateurs sont une source de matériaux bruts gratuits qui nourrit un nouveau type de processus de fabrication », poursuit la professeure. « Le jeu ne consiste plus à vous envoyer un catalogue de vente par correspondance ou même à cibler la publicité en ligne. Le jeu consiste à vendre l’accès au flux en temps réel de votre vie quotidienne – votre réalité – afin de l’influencer directement et de modifier votre comportement pour faire des profits. »
Les références de l’article sont plus qu’intéressantes :
– John Bellamy Foster et Robert W. McChesney sur le site Monthly Review sur le complexe militaro-industriel et le #capitalisme_de_surveillance
►https://monthlyreview.org/2014/07/01/surveillance-capitalism
– Nicholas Confessore et Matthew Rosendbergmarch dans le NY Times sur le lien entre #Cambrige_Analytica et #Palantir
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/27/us/cambridge-analytica-palantir.html
– Shoshana Zuboff dans la Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung sur le #capitalisme_de_surveillance
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-secrets-of-surveillance-capitalism-14103616.html
=> Article récemment traduit par l’équipe #Framalang
►https://framablog.org/2017/03/28/google-nouvel-avatar-du-capitalisme-celui-de-la-surveillance
Sexismus an Kunsthochschulen Auf dem Merkur-Blog läuft zur Zeit ein...
▻https://diasp.eu/p/5795017
Sexismus an Kunsthochschulen
Auf dem Merkur-Blog läuft zur Zeit eine Debatte über Sexismus an Hochschulen. Angestoßen wurde die Debatte am Literaturinstitut Hildesheim, wo es unter den Professoren und Dozenten keine einzige Frau gibt. „Das Gefühl, sein Bestes zu geben, um den öffentlichen Diskurs seriös mitzugestalten, und dann an etwas zu scheitern, was sich jeder konkreten Beschreibung entzieht, ist demütigend“ fasst Katharina Teutsch die Erfahrungen der Studentinnen in ihrem FAZ-Artikel über die Debatte zusammen (▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/sexismus-am-literaturinstitut-in-hildesheim-15106515.html).
Unter dem Pseudonym Berta Belly schreibt nun auch eine Kunststudentin über Sexismus an der Kunsthochschule und im Kunstbetrieb. Eine Anklage in fünf Punkten: (...)
Shoshana Zuboff: Secrets of Surveillance Capitalism
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-secrets-of-surveillance-capitalism-14103616-p2.html?printPagedA
The imperatives of #surveillance_capitalism mean that there must always be more behavioral surplus for #Google and others to turn into surveillance assets, master as prediction, sell into exclusive markets for future behavior, and transform into capital. At Google and its new holding company called Alphabet, for example, every operation and investment aims to increasing the harvest of behavioral surplus from people, bodies, things, processes, and places in both the virtual and the real world.
Shoshana Zuboff : Secrets of #Surveillance Capitalism
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-secrets-of-surveillance-capitalism-14103616-p2.html
Governmental control is nothing compared to what #Google is up to. The company is creating a wholly new genus of capitalism, a systemic coherent new logic of accumulation we should call #surveillance_capitalism. Is there nothing we can do?
Google surpassed Apple as the world’s most highly valued company in January for the first time since 2010. (Back then each company was worth less than 200 billion. Now each is valued at well over 500 billion.) While Google’s new lead lasted only a few days, the company’s success has implications for everyone who lives within the reach of the Internet. Why? Because Google is ground zero for a wholly new subspecies of capitalism in which profits derive from the unilateral surveillance and modification of human behavior. This is a new surveillance capitalism that is unimaginable outside the inscrutable high velocity circuits of Google’s digital universe, whose signature feature is the Internet and its successors. While the world is riveted by the showdown between Apple and the FBI, the real truth is that the surveillance capabilities being developed by surveillance capitalists are the envy of every state security agency. What are the secrets of this new capitalism, how do they produce such staggering wealth, and how can we protect ourselves from its invasive power?
Dark Google - ▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshanna-zuboff-dark-google-12916679-p5.html?printPagedArticle=true
We witness the rise of a new absolute power. Google transfers its radical politics from cyberspace to reality. It will earn its money by knowing, manipulating, controlling the reality and cutting it into the tiniest pieces.
ça l’air assez virulent.
via @aralbalkan
c’est très bien
„blanks” occur when earlier meanings and practices no longer apply, but new ones have yet to be created. Google’s rapid rise to power was possible because it ventured into this kind of blank area. It colonized the blank space at high speed without challenge or impediment. Google did not ask permission, seek consensus, elicit opinion, or even make visible its rules and ramparts. How did this occur?
Breaking the Rules of the „Old World“
#disruption #google #colonisation
Shoshana Zuboff is the author of The Summons: Our Fight for the Soul of an Information Civilization (forthcoming, 2015). (ping @thibnton)
The New Weapons of Mass Detection | Shoshana Zuboff’s Response to Martin Schulz
FAZ 13/02/2014
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/ueberwachung/shoshana-zuboff-s-response-to-martin-schulz-the-new-weapons-of-mass-detection-1
#surveillance #tracking #silicon_army
Shoshana Zuboff, author of The Summons: Our Fight for the Soul of an Information Civilization (Forthcoming, 2015), is the Charles Edward Wilson Professor of Business Administration (retired) at the Harvard Business School.
The challenge I see is that, thanks to Edward #Snowden, we know that the technology revolution has once again been hijacked by the dream of perfect control. It’s being used as a Trojan horse for a still poorly understood convergence of public and private institutions that wield unprecedented power over information. This new power bloc operates outside our control as citizens and consumers. I’m calling it the military-informational complex, because its power derives from the production and deployment of what I call new weapons of mass detection composed of information and the technical apparatus required for its access, analysis, and storage.
Eisenhower’s Message in a Bottle
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/105043#message105105
The military-information complex is a convergence of public and private expertise in the control and analysis of information camouflaged by a forest of excuses. The official story is that these growing powers are a necessary response to forces beyond control: technological requirements, digital proliferation, autonomous market dynamics, and security imperatives.
(...)
Rewind for a moment to 1961 and President Eisenhower’s farewell address to the American people. He had revised the speech many times over a two year period. In each draft he insisted on retaining a crucial passage, as if he was determined to send a message in a bottle to be discovered, read, and grasped by future generations. American society was under threat from a new “military-industrial complex,” he warned, and only “an alert and knowledgeable citizenry” could ensure that “security and liberty” would both prosper. Guardian readers will recognize the phrase “security and liberty” as the tag line on Glen Greenwald’s now immortal series. Greenwald found the bottle.
Five years later economist John Kenneth Galbraith, elaborated his concept of the “technostructure” in The New Industrial State. “Power,” he wrote, had “passed to...a new production function... men of diverse technical knowledge, experience or other talent, which modern industrial technology and planning require.” Galbraith’s book celebrated an industrial oligarchy at the heart of the military-industrial complex, enmeshed in state functions and protected by state power, insulated from public accountability, and innocent of responsibility. Why? Because it promoted itself as the inevitable expression of technology’s indisputable “requirements.” Galbraith had fallen under the spell of technological determinism.
«I’m all about demilitarization»
Demilitarization had been essential for what Harvard Law Professor Jonathan Zittrain calls the “generative” capabilities of the Internet –– the ways it lends itself to trust, interaction, invention, and creativity. Militarization is already having the opposite effect, as firms withdraw their data from cloud servers and governments explore new regulations and infrastructures that enable nation-specific privacy controls.
Of equal concern are the economic effects of information militarization. It suppresses the creative adaptation to human needs that is #capitalism’s greatest strength . In the annals of capitalism, the production of prosperity and well-being have depended on a steady flow of commercial “mutations” that better align business with the changing needs of people.
In at least two cases, at Google and Facebook, one of the plans discussed was to build separate secure portals...in some instances on company servers.” In some cases, the New York Times reported, tech company employees have national security clearance. In others, NSA agents installed their own software on company servers, and even hung out at the company for days or weeks of system monitoring.
Had Google and Facebook learned surveillance tactics from the NSA in the first place? Or was it the other way around? The identity of the military-informational complex was taking shape along with its assumptions, attitudes, interests, and perspectives. Armaments production was well underway.
That self-censorship is a life sentence to an endlessly repeating present. Nothing new can happen once we curb our thoughts.
Je parlais plus haut d’Oppenheimer. Il faut comprendre que les grandes inventions réalisées durant la Seconde guerre mondiale, le radar, la pénicilline, la bombe atomique, les microfilms, les servo-mécanismes... étaient portés par des scientifiques et des techniciens auxquels les militaires donnaient à la fois de l’argent et des objectifs mobilisateurs. Ces scientifiques n’étaient pas a priori des techniciens des armées. Peut-on imaginer Einstein ou Wiener sous un uniforme ? Les militaires avaient les objectifs, et les scientifiques les méthodes, notamment une dont on a encore du mal à mesurer l’importance, qui est l’interdisciplinarité. Mais comme toujours avec les militaires, les objectifs prennent le pas sur les acteurs. Même Eisenhower l’a souligné dans son « testament ».
Dans l’esprit de Brand, mais aussi des autres acteurs de la Silicon Valley, et cela dès les années cinquante, la technique et les méthodes scientifiques avaient une autonomie qui permettrait de les retourner contre les objectifs premiers des militaires et de leur appareil productif centralisé. C’était réellement une utopie, et encore une fois la surveillance généralisée exercée par la NSA vient nous le rappeler. Mais elle a joué son rôle, en produisant une forme de « démocratie technique », c’est-à-dire une méritocratie, dans laquelle les individus chercheurs ou informaticiens sont évalués en fonction de leurs apports et non des objectifs assignés. Que l’on regarde la teneur du culte de Steve Jobs au lendemain de son décès.
▻http://www.davduf.net/stewart-brand-aux-sources-troubles-de-la-belle
Evgeny Morozov’s Response to Martin Schulz
Digital Thinking? Wishful Thinking!
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/ueberwachung/evgeny-morozov-s-response-to-martin-schulz-digital-thinking-wishful-thinking-12
.. the failures of social movements to emerge or, in the case of movements like Occupy Wall Street, to present a sustained challenge to the existing economic order are not just failures of their communication technology. But it’s hard to deny that the latter surely played a role in their demise.
(...)
During the last fifty years, the language of technology – and rest assured, technology today comes with a heavy discursive package and it’s not just a bunch of wires and gadgets – has made it harder for everyone – including the left – to identify the structural conditions that govern our lives. In fact, many of us bought into the vision – promoted by the likes of Steve Jobs – that we can gain empowerment and emancipation by having access to latest technologies of personal computing. “Access to tools” is still a powerful slogan for many technologists in California. This, of course, has always bordered on the idiotic. Those structures – from money to national security concerns – never went away; they just hid themselves under the veneer of “digitization.”
Information Consumerism: The Price of Hypocrisy - Überwachung - FAZ
▻http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/ueberwachung/information-consumerism-the-price-of-hypocrisy-12292374.html
Par Evgeny Morozov,
Let’s face it: most of us would rather not think about the ethical implications of smart toothbrushes or the hypocrisy involved in Western rhetoric towards Iran or the genuflection that more and more European leaders show in front of Silicon Valley and its awful, brain-damaging language, the #Siliconese. The least we can do is to acknowledge that the crisis is much deeper and that it stems from intellectual causes as much as from legal ones. Information consumerism, like its older sibling energy consumerism, is a much more dangerous threat to democracy than the NSA.
Dr. Jekyll and Mister Hyde? The military and the IT sphere already affiliated, as you may see in the person of one of the most powerful men of the world: Keith Alexander, Director of the NSA, recruiting hackers at Defcon 2012, wearing a t-shirt of the civil rights organisation „Electronic Frontier Foundation“; in service uniform on the right
C’est encore Keith Alexander #nsa qui ouvrira mercredi les conférences de la Black Hat 2013 à Las Vegas : #hacker
▻https://www.blackhat.com/us-13/briefings.html
►http://seenthis.net/messages/153088#message160496
La vidéo de son intervention : ▻http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvVIZ4OyGnQ
Surveillance scandal rips through #hacker community | Security & Privacy - CNET News via @sabineblanc
▻http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57597093-83/surveillance-scandal-rips-through-hacker-community
The issue with balancing #privacy and #surveillance is that the wireless carriers are not interested in privacy, he said. “They’ve been providing wiretapping for 100 years. Apple may in the next year protect voice calls,” he said, and said that the best hope for ending widespread government surveillance will be the makers of mobile operating systems like Apple and Google.
Not all upcoming security innovation will be focused on that kind of privacy protection. Security researcher Brandon Wiley showed off at Defcon a protocol he calls Dust that can obfuscate different kinds of network traffic, with the end goal of preventing censorship.
“I only make products about letting you say what you want to say anywhere in the world,” such as content critical of governments, he said. #Encryption can hide the specifics of the traffic, but some governments have figured out that they can simply block all encrypted traffic, he said. The Dust protocol would change that, he said, making it hard to tell the difference between encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
It’s hard to build encryption into pre-existing products, Wiley said. “I think people are going to make easy-to-use, encrypted apps, and that’s going to be the future.”
“If you’re apolitical, you’re aiding the enemy.” ▻https://noisysquare.com/ethics-and-power-in-the-long-war-eleanor-saitta-dymaxion