/2015

  • Egypt’s Vanishing Youth - The New York Times
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/opinion/egypts-vanishing-youth.html?_r=0

    According to the prisoners’ rights group Freedom for the Brave, 163 people have been forcibly disappeared in Egypt since April. The organization says 64 of the disappeared have been returned to their families, but that at least two have been found dead, including Islam Ateeto, a 23-year-old student, whose broken and bullet-riddled body was released to his mother two days after he was abducted, according to authorities at Ain Shams University in Cairo, from the campus on May 19. And a Sinai-based pro-Brotherhood activist, Sabry al-Ghoul, is reported to have died in military custody on June 2 after a major security sweep of the region (the Ministry of Interior has not confirmed the report).

    #Egypte #contre-révolution

  • Grèce, moment charnière ? (sélection d’articles)

    The Dangers of the Grexit
    https://news.vice.com/article/the-dangers-of-the-grexit

    It’s time to end the pretence: Greece will never fully repay its bailout loans http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/09/time-end-pretence-greece-never-repay-bailout-loans

    In Greek Debt Puzzle, the Game Theorists Have It http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/business/in-greek-debt-puzzle-the-game-theorists-have-it.html?referrer&_r=0

    Grexit: end of the illusion https://opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/john-weeks/grexit-end-of-illusion

    Syriza wasn’t the first left party to come to power in Europe. What can we learn from Cyprus’ AKEL? https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/05/cyprus-communists-syriza-greece

    The European “institutions” are seeking a public defeat of Syriza and the closing off of any alternative. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/06/syriza-troika-lapavitsas-austerity-tsipras

    The Greek left has a historic opportunity to marginalize fascists and address the needs of migrants. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/06/golden-dawn-syriza-immigration-far-right

    Allemagne: happening en soutien au peuple grec http://www.neues-deutschland.de/m/artikel/974260.enteignet-springer-protest-bei-theaterstueck-mit-doepfner.h

  • http://desordre.net/bloc/ursula/2014/sons/coleman_beauty.mp3

    C’était, je crois, le plus beau concert de ma vie. Une première partie avec le Brass Fantasy de Lester Bowie avait galvanisé la salle du Grand Rex à Paris, énergie folle et festive, du cuivre, encore du cuivre toujours du cuivre et quels cuivres !, au milieu d’eux, Lester Bowie dans son habituelle tenue de laborantin, blouse blanche, petites lunettes, trompette, qui allait bien pouvoir jouer après pareil déluge d’énergie joyeuse et somme toute mélodique après que la douzaine de musiciens se retirent d’une scène archicomble de matériel, de percussions, de pupitres et de perches à microphones ? Oui, qui ?

    Un entracte de très courte durée si l’on juge de la nécessité de ranger tout le foutoir laissé derrière par le Brass Fantasy , et l’installation sur un petit tapis au centre de la scène, les grands rideaux de scène entièrement retirés, une batterie, mais une batterie de peu de choses, la grosse caisse, le charleston, la caisse claire, un petit fût médium, un gros tome et une cymbale crash et c’était bien tout, il y avait déjà un contraste saisissant d’avec la cohue qui avait précédé et dont le souvenir visuel finalement s’estompait dans ce retour à la simplicité.

    Ils sont arrivés, ils étaient quatre, des hommes déjà un peu âgés, pas le grand âge, mais déjà une certaine prestance dans des costumes aux coupes discutables, mais tout à fait le genre d’habits que l’on voit sur les hommes dans les quartiers noirs des grandes villes américains le dimanche matin sur le chemin de la messe. L’un des quatre avait une allure plus juvénile, et portait lui au contraires des vêtements amples et une écharpe, les bras croisés il tenait une manière de trompette de poche, comme d’aucuns tiennent leur cigarette. Le contrebassiste était une homme blanc au physique assez quelconque et était habillé comme n’importe quel informaticien qui sortait du boulot et qui le soir jouait du jazz pour se détendre, il ramassa sa contrebasse couchée sur le petit tapis qu’il partageait avec le batteur, donna deux ou trois tours de clefs plus précis pour l’accord de cette contrebasse, qui droite et debout désormais le rendait, lui, le contrebassiste, petit, presque. Le batteur donnait l’apparence d’un homme assez commun quoique plus souriant que les trois autres, il s’est assis derrière ses fûts comme d’autres se plantent devant leur ordinateur en arrivant au travail le matin, encore qu’à l’époque nous n’étions pas nécessairement très nombreux à nous planter devant un ordinateur en arrivant au bureau. Le patron, parce que qu’on voyait tout de suite que c’était le patron a murmuré deux ou trois instructions à ses coéquipiers, a planté ses deux pieds dans des marques presque, devant le microphone, il a ajusté la bretelle de son saxophone alto à l’apparence matte, pour être, de fait, un saxophone en plastique. Et tout d’un coup, sans crier gare, les quatre dans une simultanéité qui force un peu le respect tout de même, pas des rigolos, ils sont partis plein pot, et ont, deux heures durant, dans cette immobilité des corps, peut-être pas, des pieds en tout cas, joué le plus débridé des jazz.

    Un jazz déconstruit, dont on voyait bien qu’aucun des quatre ignorait les habituels sillons, mais bien au contraire tous les quatre étaient lancés dans un effort collectif de déconstruire tout ce qui aurait pu ressembler, même de très loin, à de l’habitude. Parce que le jazz, ce que l’on appelle le jazz à la papa, et qui représente la quasi entièreté de la production de cette musique, est une affaire terriblement ennuyeuse dans laquelle le plan justement consiste à exposer tutti le thème, puis les solistes se succèdent soutenus dans leurs plus ou moins grandes tentatives d’écart, par la section rythmique, la contrebasse, la poutre, la batterie, les solives annexes et quand il y en a un, le piano, la déco. Une fois sur quatre on laissera une huitaine de mesures au contrebassiste, parfois seulement quatre, pour, au choix, continuer ce qu’il faisait depuis le début, mais cette fois seul, solo, ou, plus audacieux, pas toujours heureux, tout un chacun n’est pas Charlie Haden, justement le type habillé en informaticien qui sort du boulot, étoffer ce qu’il faisait jusqu’à présent dans le but que les autres brillent. Et pour vous dire à quel point tout ceci est convenu, il est attendu que le public montre sa compréhension, de ce qui n’est pourtant pas très mystérieux, en applaudissant quand le témoin passe d’un musicien à l’autre, ce qui, invariablement recouvre entièrement ce qui pourrait être sauvé de cette routine, le passage du thème d’un musicien à l’autre. A vrai dire cette forme a été produite et déclinée, avec une maestria inégalée depuis, par le sextet de Miles Davis dans Kind of blue et dispense d’écouter tout ce qui procède du même mouvement et qui n’a pas, loin s’en faut, la même grâce que cet album admirable. D’ailleurs pour montrer à quel point ces quatre-là d’une part n’ignoraient pas ces us-là, mais avaient surtout décidé de les bousculer, après avoir exposé le thème de The face of the bass , ils se turent tous les trois pour laisser la place au solo de contrebasse habituellement relayé au xième rang d’un concert. On commencerait donc par la contrebasse.

    Et tout dans ce concert était de ce bois-là, une entreprise à la fois savante de déconstruction et à la fois une recensement appliqué des possibles une fois que cette base a été nivelée. Le contrebassiste, informaticien de jour, ne coupait pas ses notes, comme font généralement ses collègues pour donner cet élément qui porte le joli mot de swing, mais qu peut rapidement devenir une dictature, mais, au contraire, ne manquait jamais une occasion de laisser les notes de cordes à vide sonner dans une rondeur tout à fait voluptueuse, un certain Charlie Haden donc. Avec une économie gestuelle très curieuse à voir tant elle était peu synchrone de la musique effectivement jouée, le batteur créait une féerie de rythme, de contre-rythme et surtout une palette remarquable de couleurs, atteignant de ce fait une musicalité souvent étrangère aux batteurs de jazz, un type appelé Billy Higgins, un type qui avait surtout l’air d’être charmant, le trompettiste aux allures de joueur de basket à la ville, à la différence des trois autres arpentait nonchalamment la scène et ponctuait cette promenade de phrases à la fois rapides mais aux notes parfaitement détachées, un chat à la cool répondant au nom de Don Cherry, quant au saxophoniste à l’instrument en plastique et à la sonorité de ce fait sans grande longueur, il compensait remarquablement cette absence de couleurs, manifestement refusée par fuite de la facilité, et compensait donc par une gamme très riche, une manière de système à lui qui s’interdisait de jouer une note si les onze autres de la même gamme n’avaient pas toutes été jouées elles aussi une fois : Ornette Coleman, les deux pieds collés au sol, droit comme un i et d’une folie à la Burroughs, une vraie folie déguisée en absolue normalité.

    Ce sont des années et des années plus tard que retombant sur des galettes de Lester Bowie j’avais ce sentiment étrange de déjà entendu — I have this strange feeling of déjà entendu — pour finalement me souvenir que cela avait été le concert qui précédait le quartet mythique d’Ornette Coleman, lequel avait tout de même réussi à effacer de ma mémoire une aventure de Lester Bowie.

    Et aujourd’hui dans l’espace ouvert pas très ouvert, j’ai appris la mort d’Ornette Coleman, à mon travail, et j’ai dit, soudain fort triste, Oh Ornette Coleman est mort, et mes collègues informaticiens se sont retournés vers moi pour me répondre qui ça ?.

    J’ai répondu l’inventeur du free jazz pour faire court, binaire presque. J’ai attendu d’être seul dans mon garage ce soir pour sortir le vieux Beauty is a rare thing de son coffret, ce morceau qui, déjà du vivant d’Ornette Coleman, me tirait des larmes. Les artistes, les vrais, sont également très rares. Nous venons d’en perdre un.

  • Greece: U.N. Warns That Migrants May Overwhelm Tourist Island of Lesbos

    United Nations officials expressed deepening concern on Tuesday about record numbers of desperate refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan arriving on the Greek island of Lesbos, a short boat ride from the Turkish coast. Adrian Edwards, a spokesman for the United Nations refugee agency in Geneva, said that roughly 600 refugees a day were arriving in the Greek islands, and that half of them were coming ashore in Lesbos, a picturesque tourist destination ill equipped to handle the flow. The Lesbos arrivals have grown steadily by the month, from 737 in January to more than 7,200 in May. Mr. Edwards said the arrivals, crammed into rubber dinghies and wooden boats, were “straining the island’s capacity, services and resources.” They are part of a broader exodus of people from the Middle East and Africa fleeing war and deprivations in their home countries for risky and sometimes deadly Mediterranean trips to Europe, which has created a crisis for the European Union. The refugee agency said there had been 103,000 refugee and migrant arrivals in Europe via the Mediterranean so far in 2015.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/world/europe/greece-un-warns-that-migrants-may-overwhelm-tourist-island-of-lesbos.html?s
    #Lesbos #Lesvos #tourisme #migration #réfugiés
    cc @reka

  • Survey Points to Challenges NATO Faces Over Russia - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/world/europe/survey-points-to-challenges-nato-faces-over-russia.html

    As NATO faces a resurgent Russian military, a substantial number of Europeans do not believe that their own countries should rush to defend an ally against attack, according to a comprehensive survey to be made public on Wednesday.

    NATO’s charter states that an attack against one member should be considered an attack against all, but the survey points to the challenges the alliance faces in trying to maintain its cohesion in the face of an increasingly aggressive Russia.

    “°At least half of Germans, French and Italians say their country should not use military force to defend a NATO ally if attacked by Russia,°” the Pew Research Center said it found in its survey, which is based on interviews in 10 nations.
    […]
    Not all of the data in the Pew report is bad news for NATO. According to the study, residents of most NATO countries still believe that the United States would come to their defense. Americans and Canadians also largely say that their countries should act militarily to defend a NATO ally, and nearly half of the British, Polish and Spanish respondents say the same.
    […]
    But the study highlights sharp differences within the alliance’s ranks. Of all those surveyed, Poles were most alarmed by Moscow’s muscle flexing, with 70 percent saying that Russia was a major military threat.

    Germany, a critical American ally in the effort to forge a Ukraine peace settlement, was at the other end of the spectrum. Only 38 percent of Germans said that Russia was a danger to neighboring countries aside from Ukraine, and only 29 percent blamed Russia for the violence in Ukraine.

    Consequently, 58 percent of Germans do not believe that their country should use force to defend another NATO ally. Just 19 percent of Germans say NATO weapons should be sent to the Ukrainian government to help it better contend with Russian and separatist attacks.

    Support for the NATO alliance in Germany was tallied at 55 percent, down from 73 percent in 2009. Those results are influenced by Germans in the eastern part of the country, who are more than twice as likely as western Germans to have confidence in President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.
    […]
    The findings on Russians’ attitudes are likely to be disappointing for NATO supporters.

    Western officials have calculated that economic sanctions will eventually erode Russian support for Mr. Putin’s decision to intervene in eastern Ukraine, but he has remained extremely popular by riding a wave of nationalism and controlling much of the news media. Most Russians are unhappy with the state of the economy, but they tend to blame not Mr. Putin but the drop in oil prices and the West’s efforts to punish Russia.

    Eighty-eight percent of Russians said they had confidence in Mr. Putin to do the right thing on international affairs, the highest rating since Pew started taking polls on the question in 2003.

    @klaus : encore un coup des #Ossis ;-)

  • Growing Body of Law Allows Prosecution of Foreign Citizens on U.S. Soil - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/nyregion/growing-body-of-law-allows-prosecution-of-foreign-citizens-on-us-soil.html

    “We think this is very much about us,” she continued, “and we’re the best place to take care of these suspects, and we trust ourselves.”

    Just wow. What hubris.

  • The Secret History of #SEAL_Team_6: Quiet Killings and Blurred Lines - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/asia/the-secret-history-of-seal-team-6.html?smid=tw-nytimesworld&_r=2

    Around the world, they have run spying stations disguised as commercial boats, posed as civilian employees of front companies and operated undercover at embassies as male-female pairs, tracking those the United States wants to kill or capture.

    Those operations are part of the hidden history of the Navy’s SEAL Team 6, one of the nation’s most mythologized, most secretive and least scrutinized military organizations. Once a small group reserved for specialized but rare missions, the unit best known for killing Osama bin Laden has been transformed by more than a decade of combat into a global manhunting machine.

    That role reflects America’s new way of war, in which conflict is distinguished not by battlefield wins and losses, but by the relentless killing of suspected militants.

  • Norway Will Divest From Coal in Push Against Climate Change - NYTimes.com

    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/06/science/norway-in-push-against-climate-change-will-divest-from-coal.html?emc=edit_t

    Je remercie ma « taupe » à Montréal qui me signale les trucs bien sur mon pays ;)

    Norway’s $890 billion government pension fund, considered the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world, will sell off many of its investments related to coal, making it the biggest institution yet to join a growing international movement to abandon at least some fossil fuel stocks.

    Parliament voted Friday to order the fund to shift its holdings out of billions of dollars of stock in companies whose businesses rely at least 30 percent on coal. A committee vote last week made Friday’s decision all but a formality; it will take effect next year.

  • Mishearings
    By OLIVER SACKS JUNE 5, 2015
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/opinion/oliver-sacks-mishearings.html

    One’s surroundings, one’s wishes and expectations, conscious and unconscious, can certainly be co-determinants in mishearing, but the real mischief lies at lower levels, in those parts of the brain involved in phonological analysis and decoding. Doing what they can with distorted or deficient signals from our ears, these parts of the brain manage to construct real words or phrases, even if they are absurd.

  • Edward Snowden: The World Says No to Surveillance - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/opinion/edward-snowden-the-world-says-no-to-surveillance.html?_r=0

    Metadata revealing the personal associations and interests of ordinary Internet users is still being intercepted and monitored on a scale unprecedented in history: As you read this online, the United States government makes a note.

    (C’est moi qui souligne)
    #PJLrenseignement

    • Et aussi :

      Spymasters in Australia, Canada and France have exploited recent tragedies to seek intrusive new powers despite evidence such programs would not have prevented attacks. Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain recently mused, “Do we want to allow a means of communication between people which we cannot read?” He soon found his answer, proclaiming that “for too long, we have been a passively tolerant society, saying to our citizens: As long as you obey the law, we will leave you alone.”

      At the turning of the millennium, few imagined that citizens of developed democracies would soon be required to defend the concept of an open society against their own leaders.

    • Deux ans plus tard, la différence est profonde. En l’espace d’un mois, le programme intrusif de suivi des appels de la NSA a été déclaré illégal par les tribunaux et désavoué par le Congrès. Après qu’une enquête de la Maison Blanche a déterminé que ce programme n’avait pas permis d’empêcher une seule attaque terroriste, même le Président, qui avait plus tôt défendu son bien-fondé et critiqué la révélation de son existence, a fini par ordonner qu’on y mette un terme.

      #vrai_ou_pas ?

  • Housing #Apartheid, American Style - NYTimes.com
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/opinion/sunday/housing-apartheid-american-style.html?_r=0

    George Romney served as secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Richard Nixon. He set out to dismantle segregation and what he described as a “high income white noose” formed by the suburbs that surrounded black inner cities. Under his Open Communities initiative, he instructed HUD officials to reject applications for sewer and highway projects from cities and states with segregationist policies. He believed that ending residential segregation was “essential if we are going to keep our nation from being torn apart.”

    As Nikole Hannah-Jones reported in a 2012 investigation for ProPublica, #Nixon got wind of Romney’s plan and ordered John Ehrlichman, his domestic policy chief, to shut it down.

    In a memo to his aides, Nixon later wrote: “I am convinced that while legal #segregation is totally wrong that forced integration of housing or education is just as wrong.”

    He understood the consequences of his decision: “I realize that this position will lead us to a situation in which blacks will continue to live for the most part in black neighborhoods and where there will be predominately black schools and predominately white schools.” Nixon began to ostracize Romney and eventually drove him out of his administration. Over the next several decades, presidents from both parties followed the Nixon example and declined to use federal muscle in a way that meaningfully promoted housing desegregation.

    #Etats-unis

  • Pentagon Seeks Easing of Ban on Russian Rockets for U.S. Space Missions
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/04/world/europe/pentagon-seeks-easing-of-ban-on-russian-rockets-for-us-space-missions.html

    Only five months after the ban became law, the Pentagon is pressing Congress to ease it.

    The Pentagon says that additional Russian engines will be needed for at least a few more years to ensure access to space for the country’s most delicate defense and intelligence technology.

    Les sanctions affectent aussi la rivalité entre Boeing/Lockheed Martin et SpaceX.

    The United Launch Alliance [a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin] has pledged to build a new rocket, called the Vulcan, without using the Russian engine, but its first test is not scheduled until 2019 and its certification is not expected until 2022. In their letter, Mr. Carter and Mr. Clapper said the ban on new acquisitions of the Russian engines would mean that the alliance could soon exhaust its supply of Atlas V rockets, leaving only the more expensive Delta IV, which is being phased out.

    The debate now is over how many more missions the United Launch Alliance should be allowed to conduct with the Russian engines. The company has ordered 29 engines, 15 of which are paid for and planned for use. The Pentagon wants the company to be able to use the rest. The House legislation would do that, while the Senate version would allow the alliance to buy more engines only if it wins bids, presumably against SpaceX.

    If the ban remains, SpaceX could end up as the sole company able to bid for some launches in the coming years. That would recreate the monopoly that the United Launch Alliance enjoyed and that the Pentagon, SpaceX and others have sought to end. Mr. Carter and Mr. Clapper said they wanted to maintain “an environment where price-based competition is possible.”

    #espace

  • Enfin ! Sepp Blatter to Step Down as FIFA President
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/03/sports/soccer/sepp-blatter-to-resign-as-fifa-president.html

    Sepp Blatter said Tuesday that he would resign from the presidency of FIFA in the wake of a corruption inquiry.

    He said he would ask #FIFA to schedule a new election for his replacement as soon as possible.

    At a brief, hastily called news conference in Zurich, Blatter said that “FIFA needs a profound restructuring.”

    “I appreciate and love FIFA more than anything else,” he said. “And I only want to do the best for FIFA.”

    Blatter, 79, has worked for FIFA since 1975. He has been president since 1998.

  • La #Bulgarie verrouille sa #frontière avec la #Turquie

    L’Europe se protège une peu plus de l’arrivée de migrants fuyant guerre et pauvreté. La Bulgarie, après avoir érigé 33 kilomètres de barbelés à sa frontière avec la Turquie, décide aujourd’hui d’aller plus loin. Elle prolonge cette barrière de 160 kilomètres, reconstituant ainsi l’une des anciennes frontières la mieux gardée d’Europe sous le régime communiste. Reportage de Damian Vodenitcharov.

    http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20150513-bulgarie-verrouillage-frontiere-turquie-migrants
    #mur #barrière_frontalière #migration #asile #réfugiés #frontières
    cc @albertocampiphoto

  • Saigas, an Endangered Antelope, Dying of Mystery Disease
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/02/science/saiga-antelope-mystery-disease-die-off.html


    In the past two weeks, more than third of all saigas have been killed, conservationists have found.

    [...]

    “To lose 120,000 animals in two or three weeks is a phenomenal thing.”

    [...]

    The scientists found that the animals were infected with two species of deadly bacteria, Pasteurella and Clostridium. But Dr. Kock is convinced that the bacteria are not the fundamental cause of the die-off.

    Both species of bacteria are present in healthy animals, becoming lethal only when the animals grow weak. Dr. Kock also observed that the saiga died so quickly from their infections that they could not have spread the bacteria to other animals.

    “The time period is too short,” he said.

    Dr. Kock and his colleagues are investigating other factors that may have triggered the die-off, including the possibility of an unknown virus. Dr. Kock said it will take three or four weeks to isolate any agent in the necropsy tissues.

    The scientists are also looking at how changes in the environment may have put stress on the saiga. Heavy rainfall this year may have altered the ecology of the steppes, disrupting their food supply, for example.

    [...]

    “The die-off may not be over,” she said. “This is unconfirmed, but it fills us with great fear.”

    #extinction #saïgas #biodiversité

  • Art and Hypocrisy in the Gulf - NYTimes.com

    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/opinion/art-and-hypocrisy-in-the-gulf.html?ref=topics&_r=0

    Pas que l’Arabie saoudite ou Bahrein donc.

    LONDON — On May 11, the Lebanese artist Walid Raad was turned away at the airport when he tried to enter the United Arab Emirates, where the government is making a big investment in art with the Saadiyat Island project. The project, in the capital, Abu Dhabi, will include branches of the Louvre and the Guggenheim as well as a campus of New York University.

    Mr. Raad, who teaches at Cooper Union in New York, says he heard an Emirates immigration officer say that he was being turned away for security reasons.

    The previous week, the Mumbai-based artist Ashok Sukumaran was denied a visa to enter the United Arab Emirates for undefined “security reasons.”

    #émirats-arabes-unis #droits_humains #art #universités #sorbonne #guggenheim

  • The Algerian Exception -
    http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/30/opinion
    By KAMEL DAOUD

    ORAN, Algeria — Algeria is indeed a country of the Arab world: a de facto dictatorship with Islamists, oil, a vast desert, a few camels and soldiers, and women who suffer. But it also stands apart : It is the only Arab republic untouched by the Arab Spring of 2010-2011. Amid the disasters routinely visited upon the region, Algeria is an exception. Immobile and invisible, it doesn’t change and keeps a low profile.

    This is largely because Algeria already had its Arab Spring in 1988, and it has yet to recover. The experience left Algerians with a deep fear of instability, which the regime of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, in power since 1999, has exploited, along with the country’s oil wealth, to control its people — all the while deploying impressive ruses to hide Algeria from the world’s view.

    October 1988: Thousands of young Algerians hit the streets to protest the National Liberation Front (F.L.N.), the dominant party born of the war for independence; the absence of presidential term limits; a mismanaged socialist economy; and a tyrannical secret service. The uprising is suppressed with bloodshed and torture. The single-party system nonetheless has to take a step back: Pluralism is introduced; reforms are announced.

    The Islamists came out ahead in the first free elections in 1990, and again in the 1991 legislative elections — only to be foiled by the military in January 1992. Long before Gen. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Egypt, Algeria had invented the concept of therapeutic coup d’état, of coup as cure for Islamism. At the time, the military’s intervention did not go over well, at least not with the West: This was before 9/11, and the world did not yet understand the Islamist threat. In Algeria, however, Islamism was already perceived as an unprecedented danger. After the coup followed a decade of civil war, which left as many as 200,000 people dead and a million displaced, not to mention all those who disappeared.

    When in 2010-2011 the Arab Spring came to Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, Algerians hoped for change, too. But their fear that war or the Islamists would return was greater still. “We have already paid,” the vox populi said, and the government joined in, intent on checking any revolutionary urge.

    At the time I wrote: “Yes, we have already paid, but the goods have not been delivered.” The regime had slowly been gnawing away at the democratic gains made in October 1988: freedom of speech, a true multiparty system, free elections. Dictatorship had returned in the form of controlled democracy. And the government, though in the hands of a sickly and invisible president, was brilliant at playing on people’s fears. “Vote against change” was the gist of the prime minister’s campaign for the 2012 legislative elections.

    The government also exploited the trauma left by France’s 132-year presence, casting the Arab Spring as a form of neocolonialism. To this day, the specter of colonialism remains the regime’s ideological foundation and the basis of its propaganda, and it allows the country’s so-called liberators — now well into their 70s — to still present themselves as its only possible leaders. France’s direct intervention to oust Muammar el-Qaddafi in Libya only played into their hands; it looked like the sinister workings of their phantasmagorical triptych of enemies: France, the C.I.A. and Israel. Enough to quiet any populist ardor and charge the opposition’s leaders with being traitors and collaborators.

    And so it was that as soon as January 2011 the early stirrings of protest were promptly quashed. The massive police apparatus played a part, as did state television, with stations taking turns reminding the people of a few chilling equations: democracy = chaos and stability = immobility.

    Money also helped. Oil dollars may make the world go round, but they have kept Algeria still. In the contemporary mythology of the Arab Spring, Bouazizi the Tunisian is the unemployed man who topples a dictator by setting himself on fire in public. This hero could not have been Algerian: In this country, Mohamed Bouazizi would have been bought off, corrupted.

    The Algerian regime is rich in oil and natural gas. And at the outset of the Arab revolts, it reached into its pockets, and gave out free housing, low-interest loans and huge bribes. Oil money was distributed not to revive the economy or create real jobs, but to quell anger and turn citizens into clients. Wilier than others, the government of Algeria did not kill people; it killed time.

    While distributing handouts thwarted a revolution, it did trigger thousands of small local riots — 10,000 to 12,000 a year, by some estimates. But these protesters were not demanding democracy, just housing and roads, water and electricity. In 2011 a man set himself on fire in a town west of Algiers. Reporters flocked to him, thinking they had found a revolutionary. “I am no Bouazizi,” said the Algerian, from the hospital bed in which he would not die. “I just want decent housing.”

    Meanwhile Mr. Bouteflika, ailing and absent, managed to get himself re-elected in 2014 without ever appearing in public, campaigning mostly by way of a Photoshopped portrait plastered across the country. The best dictatorship knows to stay invisible. Local journalists are under strict surveillance; the foreign media’s access is restricted; tourism is limited; few images of Algeria are broadcast internationally.

    The only spectacle to come out of Algeria these last few years was of some Islamists taking hostages in the Tiguentourine gas field in January 2013. But the government, by responding firmly, was able to project the image of a regime that, though no ideological ally of the West, could nonetheless be counted on as a dependable partner in the global war against terrorism. To a Morsi, an Assad or a Sisi, Western governments prefer a Bouteflika, even aging and ailing and barely able to speak. Between antiterrorism and immobility, Algeria has succeeded in selling itself as a model even without being a democracy. No small feat.

    But the situation is untenable. Politically, the Algerian regime has become the Pakistan of North Africa, with both money and power in the hands of a caste that the West thinks of as a difficult partner. Algeria is too vast a country to be run by a centralist government, and no new leaders have emerged who could ensure a guided transition. The Islamists are on the rise. Oil prices are dropping. The Algerian exception cannot last much longer.

    Kamel Daoud, a journalist and columnist for Quotidien d’Oran, is the author of “The Meursault Investigation.” This essay was translated by Edward Gauvin from the French.

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