Das Ghotul der Muria
▻http://www.schlangengesang.de/archiv/41.htm
Die Muria sind ein Volk von etwa 200.000 Menschen, die zur Gruppe der Gond gehören. Sie leben in Indien in Madhya Pradesh in der Region Bashdar, in Dörfern am Indravati-Fluß. Sie betreiben Ackerbau, Viehzucht und Jagd und sind in Indien für ihre Tänze bekannt. Bei uns weiß man kaum etwas über sie. Gelegentlich geistert allerdings etwas durch die Presse über ihr Kinderhaus, das Ghotul, in dem Kinder „dauernd miteinander Sex haben“.
Verrier Elwin besuchte 1927 als christlicher Missionar Indien. Im Lauf seines Lebens gab er das Missionieren auf, konvertierte zum Hinduismus und arbeitete als Anthropologe. Er lebte längere Zeit bei den Muria und veröffentlichte eine anthropologische Studie „The Muria and their ghotul“.
1965 besuchten Marie-Claude Defarge und Gordian Troeller die Muria und schrieben über das Ghotul. Nach ihren Schilderungen ist es eine Kindergemeinschaft, die die Kinder selbst verwalten. Sie besprechen die Arbeiten, die sie tagsüber leisten, betreiben gegenseitige Körperpflege und sie verbringen die Nächte zusammen, immer ein Junge und ein Mädchen in einem Bett. Was sie dort machen, ist ihre Sache, nachts haben die Erwachsenen keinen Zutritt im Ghotul.
Leider ist nur wenig mehr über das Leben der Muria zu erfahren. Aber laut Troeller/Defarge haben „sie bewusst die harmonischste Gesellschaft geschaffen, die wir je gesehen haben.“ Bei den Murias gibt es keine Kriminalität und keine Prostitution. Und im Gegensatz zu den neueren Experimenten in unserem Kulturkreis ist ihre Form der „Erziehung“ schon Jahrhunderte alt.
Kamat’s Potpourri: The Ghotul System of Education
▻http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/bastar/ghotul.htm
Kinder sind nicht asexuell - das Leben im Ghotul bei den Muria in Indien - Indigene Völker und Kulturgeschichte
▻http://matriarchat.info/wissen-koennen/ghotul.html
In Search of the Muria Code
▻https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-129710207/in-search-of-the-muria-code-in-the-heart-of-india
In the Heart of India Lives a Tribe Whose Unusual Sexual Customs Caused a Sensation When First Introduced to the West by a Renegade British Missionary. More Than 50 Years on, the Muria’s Way of Life Is Threatened as Never Before
Irregular Connections: A History of Anthropology and Sexuality - Andrew P. Lyons, Harriet Lyons - Google Books
▻https://books.google.de/books?id=d6OKDA1pXV4C&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=Ghotul+Muria&source=bl&ots=
The Anthropology of Sex: The Muria of India - NovelActivist.com
▻http://novelactivist.com/926/the-anthroplogy-of-sex-the-muria-of-india
Lovechild / Geschichte zur freien Liebe
▻http://www.sterneck.net/sex/lovechild-liebe/index.php
Controversial custom of teenage mating among Muria tribals gains ground in Madhya Pradesh : Living - India Today
▻http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/controversial-custom-of-teenage-mating-among-muria-tribals-gains-ground-in-madhya-pradesh/1/277245.html
The ghotul ritual has its rules. Every male member, called chelik, and girl, called motiari, takes on a new name once he or she starts going to the ghotul. They are free to choose a partner, but fidelity has no place in the ritual.
Partners, in fact, have to be changed after a maximum of seven days of post-midnight togetherness. The ghotul is also hierarchy conscious: the head boy or sirdar and the head girl or belosa are in charge. Each member is assigned a specific task: sweeping, cleaning, cooking.
It is a system alien to modern society, but a system nevertheless. “What we consider correct shouldn’t be imposed on tribals, they have evolved into a much more harmonious society than ours,” says Niranjan Mahawar of Raipur who has been studying tribal life.
Tribal Tryst: The custom survives even as many educated tribal youth are now opting out of the ghotul concept as they learn that pre-marital sex is taboo.
The society is indeed harmonious. But the ghotuls are fast shrinking, surviving today in a very limited area of Bastar. They are being replaced by centres for education as more and more school-going children opt out of the traditional ritual.
Till quite recently, the notion that what they were doing was “wrong” did not exist among the tribals, but it is now gaining ground. The Murias are considered the last bastions of resistance to modern views.
Ghotuls, it is said, existed among various other tribal communities in the country, but became victims of homogenisation because they were not as highly organised and carefully developed institutions as among the Murias.
Social anthropologist Verrier Elwin, in his landmark book The Muria And Their Ghotul, writes: “The ghotul is for the Muria the centre of social and religious life which traces its origin to Lingo Pen, a famous cult hero; all unmarried boys and girls must be its members.”
Though membership is mandatory - there is one ghotul in each of the around 50 Muria villages - educated tribal youth are now opting out, some because they have been taught at school that it’s forbidden to have sex before marriage.
Years of living in a dream or the reality of Ghotul life? | Exploring the Social Foundations of Sex and Sexuality
▻https://sexselvesandsociety.wordpress.com/2014/09/26/years-of-living-in-a-dream-or-the-reality-of-ghotul-l
Muria people
▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muria_people