After the ’migration crisis’ : how Europe works to keep Africans in Africa

After the ’migration crisis’: how Europe works to keep Africans in Africa | openDemocracy
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▻https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/after-migration-crisis-how-europe-works-keep-africans-africa

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Since 2016 the EU has intervened massively into African affairs in order to prevent further migration. But has it been effective, and how have Africans perceived this onslaught?