organization:l’organisation

Global migrant numbers up 20 percent

Migrants of working age make up 4.2 percent of the global population, and the number is growing. A UN report notes how poorer countries are increasingly supplying labor to richer ones to their own detriment.

There are 277 million international migrants, 234 million migrants of working age (15 and older) and 164 million migrant workers worldwide, according to a UN report.

Figures for 2017 from the United Nations’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN/DESA) published on Wednesday show that migrants of working age make up 4.2 percent of the global population aged 15 and older, while migrant workers constitute 4.7 percent of all workers.

The numbers rose by almost 20 percent between 2013 and 2017 for international migrants, 13 percent for migrants of working age and 9 percent for migrant workers.

Distribution

Of the 164 million migrant workers worldwide, 111.2 million (67.9 percent) are employed in high-income countries, 30.5 million (18.6 percent) in upper middle-income countries, 16.6 million (10.1 percent) in lower middle- income countries and 5.6 million (3.4 percent) in low-income countries.

From 2013 to 2017, the concentration of migrant workers in high-income countries fell from 74.7 to 67.9 percent, while their share in upper middle-income countries increased, suggesting a shift in the number of migrant workers from high-income to lower-income countries.

The report noted that this growing number could be attributed to the economic development of some lower-income nations, particularly if these countries are in close proximity to migrant origin countries with close social networks.

The share of migrant workers in the labor force of destination countries has increased in all income groups except for lower middle-income countries.

In high-income countries, falling numbers of migrant workers were observed simultaneously with a higher share in the labor force as a result of the sharp fall in the labor force participation of non-migrants, due to a variety of factors such as changes in demographics, technology and immigration policies.

“Stricter migration policies in high-income countries and stronger economic growth among upper middle-income countries may also contribute to the trends observed,” the report noted.

Geography

Some 60.8 percent of all migrant workers are found in three subregions: Northern America (23.0 percent), Northern, Southern and Western Europe (23.9 percent) and Arab States (13.9 percent). The lowest number of migrant workers is hosted by Northern Africa (less than 1 percent).

The subregion with the largest share of migrant workers as a proportion of all workers is Arab States (40.8 percent), followed by Northern America (20.6 percent) and Northern, Southern and Western Europe (17.8 percent).

In nine out of 11 subregions, the labor force participation rate of migrants is higher than that of non-migrants. The largest difference is in the Arab States, where the labor force participation rate of migrants (75.4 percent) is substantially higher than that of non-migrants (42.2 percent).

Gender

Among migrant workers, 96 million are men and 68 million are women. In 2017, the stock of male migrant workers was estimated to be 95.7 million, while the corresponding estimate for female migrant workers was 68.1 million.

“The higher proportion of men among migrant workers may also be explained by...the higher likelihood of women to migrate for reasons other than employment (for instance, for family reunification), as well as by possible discrimination against women that reduces their employment opportunities in destination countries,” the report noted.

It added that societal stigmatization, the discriminatory impacts of policies and legislation and violence and harassment undermine women’s access to decent work and can result in low pay, the absence of equal pay and the undervaluation of female-dominated sectors.

Age

Prime-age adults (ages 25-64) constitute nearly 87 percent of migrant workers. Youth workers (aged 15-24) and older workers (aged 65 plus) constitute 8.3 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively, of migrant workers. This age composition holds for male and female migrant workers alike.

“The fact that the overwhelming majority of migrant workers consist of prime-age adults suggests that some countries of origin are losing the most productive part of their workforce, which could have a negative impact on their economic growth,” the report noted, but it added that emigration of prime-age individuals may also provide a source of remittances for countries of origin.

Destination countries, meanwhile, benefit from receiving prime-age workers as they are increasingly faced with demographic pressures.

Labor shortage in Germany

Germany’s BDI industry association said skilled labor from abroad was key to Germany’s future economic success. “The integration of skilled workers from other countries contributes significantly to growth and jobs,” BDI President Dieter Kempf said.

The country’s VDE association of electrical, electronic and IT engineering was the latest group in Germany to point to the growing need for foreign experts. Emphasizing that Germany itself was training too few engineers, VDE said there would be a shortage of 100,000 electrical engineers over the next 10 years.

“We will strive to increase the number of engineers by means of migration,” VDE President Gunther Kegel noted.

▻https://www.dw.com/en/global-migrant-numbers-up-20-percent/a-46596757

Al menos uno de cada cuatro movimientos migratorios son retornos a los países de origen

Un estudio estima que entre el 26% y el 31% de los flujos de migración mundiales consisten en regresos a los lugares de partida. En los últimos 25 años apenas ha habido cambios en la proporción de población migrante mundial

▻https://ctxt.es/es/20181226/Firmas/23708/ctxt-Observatorio-Social-La-Caixa-migracion.htm
#retour_au_pays
source: ▻https://www.pnas.org/content/116/1/116

GLOBAL MIGRATION INDICATORS

Préparé par le Centre mondial d’analyse des données sur la migration (CMADM) de l’OIM, le rapport 2018 sur les indicateurs de la migration dans le monde résume les principales tendances mondiales en fonction des dernières statistiques, présentant 21 indicateurs dans 17 domaines relatifs à la migration.

Le rapport s’appuie sur des statistiques provenant de sources diverses facilement accessibles sur le Global Migration Data Portal.

Le rapport regroupe les statistiques les plus récentes dans des domaines comme la migration de main-d’œuvre, les réfugiés, les étudiants internationaux, les envois de fonds, le trafic illicite de migrants, la gouvernance des migrations et bien d’autres, permettant aux responsables politiques et au grand public d’avoir un aperçu de l’ampleur et des dynamiques de la migration à travers le monde.

Par ailleurs, le rapport est le premier à faire le lien entre le programme mondial de gouvernance des migrations et les débats sur les données migratoires. Les thèmes choisis sont particulièrement pertinents pour le Pacte mondial pour des migrations sûres, ordonnées et régulières et pour les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Le rapport fait un état des lieux des données sur chaque thème et propose des solutions pour les améliorer.

« Bien que le Pacte mondial sur la migration et les ODD soient des cadres importants pour améliorer la façon dont nous gérons les migrations, des données plus précises et fiables sur les sujets relatifs à la migration sont nécessaires pour tirer parti de cette opportunité. Ce rapport donne un aperçu global de ce que nous savons et ne savons pas sur les tendances de la migration dans le monde », a déclaré Frank Laczko, Directeur du CMADM. 

« La communauté internationale prend des mesures pour renforcer la collecte et la gestion des données sur la migration mais il reste beaucoup à faire. Une base de données solide est essentielle pour éclairer les politiques nationales sur la migration et seront plus que jamais nécessaires à la lumière du Pacte mondial pour des migrations sûres, ordonnées et régulières », a déclaré Antonio Vitorino, le nouveau Directeur général de l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations.

https://i.imgur.com/FEKZqIt.png https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/press_release/media/gmdac_1.jpg?itok=fWxQsk1I#.jpg

▻https://www.iom.int/fr/news/loim-publie-un-rapport-sur-les-indicateurs-de-la-migration-dans-le-monde-2018

–---------
Pour télécharger le rapport :

▻https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/global_migration_indicators_2018.pdf

Quelques éléments-clé :

https://i.imgur.com/mBacmim.png https://i.imgur.com/VVkv7RG.png https://i.imgur.com/mAMVkeX.png https://i.imgur.com/MrTCIaS.png https://i.imgur.com/fu5WvTt.png https://i.imgur.com/fu5WvTt.png https://i.imgur.com/KUzxhn3.png https://i.imgur.com/0V7geRI.png https://i.imgur.com/Sb3tWLN.png https://i.imgur.com/GOkf3XS.png https://i.imgur.com/tT6zCjc.png https://i.imgur.com/AgES7Z3.png https://i.imgur.com/rvKDo6n.png https://i.imgur.com/AP4YMWh.png https://i.imgur.com/SNIXJP1.png https://i.imgur.com/4uhtao9.png

Pourquoi l’Angola expulse massivement ses ressortissants congolais ?

http://scd.rfi.fr/sites/filesrfi/imagecache/rfi_16x9_1024_578/sites/images.rfi.fr/files/aef_image/2018-10-25t122658z_135848458_rc1ac2dd5c60_rtrmadp_3_angola-drc-violence_0.jpg

Briefing: Problems multiply in Congo’s Kasaï

The Kasaï region in the Democratic Republic of Congo is struggling to recover from two years of intense conflict. The influx last month of more than 300,000 people from Angola, most of them long-standing migrant workers, has made a fragile humanitarian situation worse.

Here’s our briefing on the risks for the region and the new challenges for the humanitarian response.
What happened?

In attempts to clamp down on what it called illegal diamond mining operations, Angola’s government ordered the expulsion of more than 360,000 Congolese nationals, forcing them to flee in October into the Kasaï region of neighbouring DRC.

"This new shock is compounding an already dire situation in the same area that was the epicentre of the Kasaï crisis over the last couple of years,” explained Dan Schreiber, head of coordination in Congo for the UN’s emergency aid body, OCHA.

Congolese migrants and officials said the crackdown was violent, telling Reuters that dozens of people were killed, with the worst attacks occurring in Lucapa in Angola’s diamond-rich Lunda Norte province. Angolan security forces denied the allegations.
Where did they go?

Most of those expelled crossed into Kamako in Kasaï province, where aid organisations are responding to the tail-end of the Kamuina Nsapu insurgency that first erupted in 2016. Some of the returnees include refugees who fled violence in Kasaï over the last two years, the Norwegian Refugee Council said.

The NRC said conditions returnees face in Congo are “shocking”, including the risk of waterborne disease due to ineffective water and sanitation; thousands sleeping outdoors because of insufficient shelter; food prices tripling; and extortion of goods on both sides of the border.

“Hundreds of thousands of people have been robbed of their right to a dignified existence,” said Ulrika Blom, NRC’s country director in DRC. “This is not a crisis that is about to begin, it is a full-blown emergency.”
What has the reaction been?

While local communities have generally been welcoming to the returnees, OCHA’s Schreiber said skirmishes erupted in certain villages, mainly over the strain on limited food resources.

“Experience in the DRC does show that when you have a large influx of people arriving in an area it can generate tensions between host communities and the people who arrive,” he said.

Schreiber said OCHA has seen most returnees wanting to move away from the border areas and toward other destinations inland, which could help ease the humanitarian strain in Kasaï, but he also warned that more returnees could arrive from Angola.

“We don’t expect the first wave to be the last wave,” he said. “Expulsions from Angola are a cyclical phenomena that go all the way back to 2002-2003. It’s not a new phenomenon, but in this case we are seeing a major influx, and clearly the absorption capacity is not there.”
Why is their arrival in Kasaï in particular such a problem?

Kasaï was a relatively stable region in an unstable country – one currently dealing with multiple conflicts, an Ebola outbreak in North Kivu province, and one of the world’s most neglected displacement crises.

The situation in Kasaï changed dramatically in 2016 when conflict erupted between the Kamuina Nsapu anti-government movement and Congolese security forces. The inter-communal clashes spread far and wide, soon engulfing the entire region.

The conflict escalated in 2017, with massacres and mass graves, as well as general insecurity marked by banditry, and poor harvests that led to food insecurity and malnutrition.

An estimated 5,000 people have since been killed and more than 1.4 million displaced.

Toward the end of 2017 and into 2018, the crisis eased slightly, as national authorities regained control over large parts of the region. Despite isolated bouts of violence, aid groups say most militias have been formally disbanded and displaced communities are tentatively returning home.

“But those returns are accompanied by many needs, because people are returning to burned villages, destroyed homes, and a lot of destruction,” said OCHA’s Schreiber.

Two years of violence and displacement also mean locals have been unable to grow crops for three seasons, which has led to concerns over malnutrition. “We have really seen food insecurity skyrocket. So even in areas where returns have occurred, humanitarian needs have not come to an end,” Schreiber added.
What are the risks?

Although the current influx of people from Angola isn’t directly linked to the Kamuina Nsapu rebellion, aid groups are concerned about the implications of piling one problem on top of another in the same geographic area.

For the most vulnerable groups, specifically women and children, the challenges that affect those displaced by the insurgency also pose risks for the new returnees from Angola.

In May for instance, UNICEF reported that 400,000 children were “at risk of death” in the Kasaïs, because of food shortages.

Yves Willemot, a spokesman for UNICEF in Congo, said the rate of severe acute malnutrition among children living in the region has improved slightly since earlier this year but “remains challenging”.

“The security situation has clearly improved, but the impact on children is not ending in the short term,” he said.

Among those newly returned from Angola are 80,000 children. They now are also at risk, forced to walk long distances while exposed to inclement weather, hunger, and the threat of violence. Willemot said basic services are lacking for them, including access to drinking water, schooling, and treatment for diseases like malaria and measles.

Médecins Sans Frontières is among the NGOs initiating primary healthcare services for the recent arrivals, while also continuing interventions to assist the local population.

In a recent report, MSF documented alarming levels of rape in the Kasaï region, saying it treated 2,600 victims of sexual violence between May 2017 and September 2018; 80 percent of those interviewed said armed men raped them.

“The sexual violence committed in Kasaï was perpetrated largely by armed groups against non-armed people,” Philippe Kadima, MSF’s humanitarian advisor for the Great Lakes region, told IRIN. “Although the main conflict is over, we still see some violence happening in Kasaï.”

For the more than 300,000 returnees, he said there are clear humanitarian concerns, but also the risk of insecurity. “The question is, how do you keep people secure?”

“Displaced people become vulnerable, so it’s not that different to what the existing IDPs in Kasaï are going through… Security concerns, humanitarian needs, and risks of sexual violence are all factors when people become vulnerable,” he said.
What about the longer-term challenges?

Humanitarian needs remain critically underfunded in the Kasai region, said OCHA’s Shreiber, emphasising that beyond the immediate concerns are much broader needs in the region and the DRC as a whole.

He added that the humanitarian response must help minimise the long-term impact of the crisis on those affected.

“The longer we remain in this critical phase, the more we can expect to see humanitarian needs spiral out of control,” he said. “The current trigger of new humanitarian needs (the returnees from Angola) may be time-bound, but I think the impact will be lasting.”

Schreiber said the Kasaï region remains vulnerable because it faces particular challenges, including decades of underdevelopment and inaccessibility as a result of poor road infrastructure, and he urged more development actors to get involved.

“People in the Kasaïs are eager to rebound, to be back on their feet, and move on. There is no expectation that humanitarian assistance should continue forever in the Kasaï region,” he said. “People want to be autonomous, but what they need is support to build up their resilience and be able to move towards a situation where their most basic needs are met and they are able to think about their futures again.”

http://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_large/public/kasai_locator.jpg?qJxqMnkyAyPxHMeYbUmfG2rk0IggfC8_&itok=tvHUCUPG#.jpg

Les violations des droits humains des migrants africains en Angola

Les violations des droits humains des migrants africains en Angola

Depuis un certain moment, la communauté africaine vivant sur le territoire angolais est l’objet de toute sorte de violation de ses droits les plus fondamentaux par les autorités de ce pays. La Charte Africaines des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples protège les droits des migrants dans tous ses aspects contre les violations des droits et l’Angola est justement membre de l’Union Africaine. Ainsi, ces violations se matérialisent par des arrestations musclées et arbitraires, des emprisonnements dans des conditions inhumaines et dégradantes (art.5 de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme et de la Charte Africaine des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples) de même que les expulsions collectives pourtant interdites par la Charte Africaine dans son article 12.5.

L’AME est vivement préoccupée par les récentes arrestations, détentions et expulsions des centaines de milliers de migrants africains dont des maliens. Selon des informations recueillies auprès de nos sources sur place, une centaine de maliens sont concernés par cette situation qui évolue et change de jour en jour.

Nous attirons l’attention de l’Union Africaine et de ses pays membres sur la situation inacceptable que vivent les étrangers sur la terre africaine d’Angola et rappeler que les droits de l’homme sont des droits inaliénables de tous les êtres humains, quels que soient leur nationalité, leur lieu de résidence, leur sexe, leur origine ethnique ou nationale, leur couleur, leur religion…

L’Angola comme la plupart des pays africains s’est engagé à protéger, respecter et réaliser les droits de l’homme, non seulement de ses nationaux, mais de toute personne sous sa juridiction. Dans ce contexte, tous les étrangers se trouvant sur le sol angolais auraient dû bénéficier de la protection des autorités angolaises quelque soient les raisons qu’elles mettent en avant pour justifier ces expulsions.

L’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) n’est pas resté silencieuse comme la plupart des pays africains, le Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme a mis en garde sur les conséquences des expulsions massives de réfugiés depuis l’Angola, au cours des trois dernières semaines de ce mois d’octobre.

Par ailleurs, le Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies a rappelé le 19 septembre 2017 que : « tout pays a le droit de contrôler ses frontières. Mais cela doit se faire de telle sorte que les droits des personnes ‘en mouvement’ soient protégés ».

Au regard de tout ce qui vient d’être évoqué :
1. L’Association Malienne des Expulsés (AME) pour sa part, exhorte le gouvernement Malien à tout mettre en œuvre pour la sécurisation de nos compatriotes et de leurs biens dans les pays d’accueil ;
2. Appelle le gouvernement à communiquer davantage sur cette situation en donnant beaucoup plus d’informations aux familles des maliens vivants en Angola ;
3. Encourage le gouvernement de continuer à œuvrer pour le respect des droits des migrants maliens et aussi pour le développement d’une relation franche entre les Etats africains en vue de la réalisation de l’unité africaine comme le prévoit l’article 117 de la Constitution ;
4. Invite l’Union Africaine à dénoncer et prendre des mesures contre les violations des droits humains dans les pays membres ;
5. Invite également les Etats membres de l’Union Africaine à renoncer aux expulsions massives des ressortissants d’autres pays africains et à mettre fin sans délais aux opérations actuelles en cour ;
6. Exhorte l’U.A et les Etats à une plus grande implication des organisations de la société civile aux différents processus pour la gestion de la migration.

▻http://www.expulsesmaliens.info/Les-violations-des-droits-humains-des-migrants-africains-en-Angola

Un bon article de #Matteo_Villa qui résume ces questions, paru en septembre 2018 :

Outsourcing European Border Control : Recent Trends in Departures, Deaths and Search and Rescue Activities in the Central Mediterranean

In our previous blog post ‘Border Deaths in the Mediterranean: what we can learn from the latest data?’ on Border Criminologies (March 2017) we discussed the existing data sources on Mediterranean Sea migration and provided an analysis of key patterns and trends. We found that Search and Rescue (SAR) has little or no effect on the number of arrivals, and it is rather the absence of SAR that leads to more deaths. These results, which are in line with other research, were covered by various European media outlets and also resulted in a peer reviewed publication in Sociology (also available as a free preprint).

These findings covered the period until December 2016. Since then, however, the context of European border policy has changed considerably:

Through a mix of political pressure, financial incentives and military assistance, the EU has tried to induce transit countries in the Sahel to close their borders to Europe-bound migrants. According to European parliament president Tajani, this resulted in a 95% drop in crossings through Niger, a key transition point for migrants on the way to Libya, although it cannot be excluded that migrants are taking different, more dangerous routes in order to reach Northern African countries (either via Niger or through Algeria).
From the beginning of 2017 onwards, the Italian government backed by the EU has increasingly cooperated with Libyan authorities to block depatures in exchange for financial and logistical support. The UN-backed government in Libya in turn, has allegedly forged deals with a number of militias.
Increased European support for the Libyan Coast Guard (LCG), resulting in an increase in interceptions and the declaration of a Libyan SAR zone.
Increasing legal and political attacks on NGOs engaged in SAR have culminated in Italy’s decision to declare its ports to be “closed” to NGO vessels and (temporarily) to EU rescue ships in June 2018.

Each of these developments can be seen as part of a broader strategy to close the European borders by externalizing border control to third countries, a practice that was tried earlier with Turkey, and to relax commitments enshrined in international law, such as search and rescue at sea and non refoulement.

In view of these recent developments, we document estimated trends in arrivals, deaths, mortality rates and rescue activities covering the most recent period, between January 2016 and July 2018. In doing so, we strongly rely on detailed statistical analyses conducted by the Italian research institute ISPI. Our analyses are based on publicly available data from the IOM and the UNHCR for arrivals and interceptions, and IOM’s Missing Migrants Project for deaths. It is important to note that recorded deaths are a lower bound estimate of the actual death toll, because some deaths are likely to remain unreported. We provide an extensive discussion of data sources, data quality and challenges for their interpretation in our academic article on the issue. Since most of the above developments relate to the situation in Libya, we focus on migrants departing from that country. Libya is also the only Northern African country where interceptions at sea by the Coast Guard are independently monitored by both IOM and UNHCR personnel at disembarkation points.

Although each of these individual developments have been reported elsewhere, together they paint a picture of Europe’s resolve to close its external borders and deter irregular migration, regardless of the (human) cost.

Trend #1: A sharp drop in departures

Figure 1 plots trends in the number of migrants departing irregularly from Libya by sea since January 2016. Until mid-2017, migrant departures show a remarkably regular seasonal pattern, with around 20,000 departures during the summer months. As of July 2017, however, the number of arrivals dropped dramatically, and it has stayed at comparatively low levels up to the present. The decrease in arrivals occurred after alleged ’deals’ between Libyan authorities and the militias in Western Libya that control the smuggling networks, and a few months after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between Italy and Libya. Convergent diplomatic action induced some militias to switch from smuggling to preventing departures. Other factors, such as the activity of the LCG, private and public SAR providers, or dynamics in the rate of dead and missing along the route, are relevant per se but appear to play no significant role in the decrease in arrivals to Europe. Europe’s efforts to block migrants passing though transit countries may have played a role as well, but evidence is still too sparse to be reliably assessed.

https://i.imgur.com/tSIapPB.png

Trend #2: An increased risk of interception by the Libyan Coast Guard

The Libyan Coast Guard plays a pivotal role in Europe’s strategy of externalizing migration control to third countries. A report by Human Rights Watch suggests that in recent months “the Italian Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (IMRCC) has routinized a practice, tested since at least May 2017, of transferring responsibility to Libyan coast guard forces in international waters even when there are other, better-equipped vessels, including its own patrol boats or Italian navy vessels, closer to the scene.” This practice has been termed ’refoulement by proxy’ because the LCG is financed, equipped and instructed by the Italian and European authorities, as described in this recent investigative report. Migrants who are forcibly returned to Libya are imprisoned in detention centres for indefinite periods, and they face systematic violence—including torture and rape—as has been documented in numerous reports.

The new Italian government intensified and formalized the policy of transferring responsibility to the LCG. Since June, it has instructed ships undertaking rescues in the Libyan SAR zone to refer all emergency calls to the Libyan authorities, who will then arrange their interception and pull-back to Libya. The declarations that Italian ports are “closed” to NGO ships are also part of this strategy, as their operations are considered to interfere with LCG interceptions. In late July, this practice resulted in the first instance of a non-Libyan vessel, the Asso Ventotto, being instructed to coordinate with the Tripoli Joint Rescue Co-ordination Centre (JRCC). The ship ultimately disembarked the rescued persons on Libyan territory and thus effectively engaged in refoulement and collective expulsion of migrants.

The practice of outsourcing European border control to the Libyan Coast Guard has brought about a sharp increase in its activity: by the end of July 2018, the LCG had intercepted 12,490 migrants at sea compared to 8,851 during the same period in the previous year, which amounts to a 41% increase. In combination with the drop in departures, this policy has resulted in a rapid increase in the risk of interception. To illustrate this fact, in July 2017 just 6% of migrants leaving Libya by sea ended up being caught and brought back, while almost 94% made it to Europe. In July 2018, instead, 71% of migrants leaving Libya’s shores were intercepted and brought back, while just 24% arrived safely in a European country (see Figure 2).

https://i.imgur.com/aSqawCY.png

Trend #3: An increase in the absolute and relative mortality rate between mid-June and July 2018

In this section, we look at trends in absolute mortality (the number of dead and missing people at sea) and relative mortality (the risk of crossing) of migrants departing from Libya. In particular, we analyse the widely reported spike in deaths that occurred in late June 2018, after virtually all SAR NGOs had been prevented from operating as a result of policies introduced by the new Italian Minister of Interior Salvini from the far-right Lega and the continued denial by the Maltese authorities to offer Valetta as a port of entry. On June 10, Italy unilaterally decided to declare its ports to be “closed” to NGO rescue ships, as well as (temporarily) to commercial and EU vessels carrying rescued migrants. Also Malta tightened its position on rescue activities and cracked down on two SAR NGOs in early July. Since then, rescue operations close to the Libyan coast have been almost entirely delegated to the LCG.

First, we look at trends in the absolute mortality rate. Figure 3 shows a reduction in the monthly number of deaths since July 2017, commensurate with the reduction in the number of departures described above. For example, 20 deaths were recorded in April 2018, and 11 in May (Figure 3). In June, however, an estimated 451 migrants died on their way from Libya to Europe—of which 370 between 16 and 30 June. It is important to note that these deaths occurred during a time when departures were comparatively low. As a result, the risk of crossing has increased from 2.8% in the previous months to a staggering 7% since mid-June 2018 (Figure 4). These findings are also robust to using different time frames for the pre-NGO absence period, including the entire period since the drop of arrivals in July 2017 until the NGO ban. Whereas relative mortality has fluctuated in recent years, 7% constitute an extraordinary spike.

https://i.imgur.com/EOV2ysu.png https://i.imgur.com/sJrXODU.png

Figure 5 maps shipwreck events occurring between 16 June and 31 July 2018 with at least estimated 15 dead or missing persons, using geocoded data provided by IOM’s Missing Migrants Project. While the precise location of each shipwreck is only an estimate, as “precise locations are not often known” (as explained in the “Methodology” section of the Missing Migrants Project), such estimates do provide an indication of where such shipwrecks have taken place. In particular, IOM data shows that shipwrecks between 16 June and 31 July took place well within 50 nautical miles from Libya’s shores, an area which used to be patrolled by either the LCG or NGO vessels. Yet, during the time when deaths spiked, only two NGO vessels had been operating, and only discontinuously.

https://i.imgur.com/5LLUMdY.png

These observations are reminiscent of what happened in 2015, when the withdrawal of competent SAR providers (the Italian mission Mare Nostrum) similarly created the conditions for avoidable loss of life. Although these findings are based on a relatively short time period, they are suggestive of the risk of leaving the Libyan SAR zone to the operations of the LCG alone. Continuous monitoring of the situation remains of utmost importance.

Conclusion

In combination, the three trends described above highlight the harsh realities of recent European migration policies, which seek to limit irregular migration regardless of the moral, legal and humanitarian consequences. The current European obsession with reducing migration at all costs is even less comprehensible when considering that arrivals decreased drastically prior to the most recent escalation of rhetoric and externalization of migration control. Arrivals to Italy in the first half of 2018 were down by 79% compared to the same time frame in 2017. Although increasingly inhumane policies are often cloaked in a rhetoric about reducing deaths at sea, it is important to remember that those who are prevented from crossing or forcibly returned are generally not safe but remain subject to precarious and often lethal conditions in countries of transit. Rather than providing a sustainable response to the complex challenges involved in irregular migration, Europe has outsourced the management of its migration ’problem’ to countries like Libya and Niger, where violence and death often remains hidden from the public view.

▻https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2018/09/outsourcing

Arrivées en Europe via la Méditerranée :
2018 :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/705781
Arrivées en Europe toute frontière confondue :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/739902
–-> attention, c’est les « crossings »... rappelez-vous de la question des doubles/triples contages des passages :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/705957

Pour #2016 #2017 et #2018, chiffres de Matteo Villa :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/768142
database : ►https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ncHxOHIx4ptt4YFXgGi9TIbwd53HaR3oFbrfBm67ak4/edit#gid=0
#base_de_données #database

En #Italie :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/748940
(y compris #2017 et #2016)
#MNA #nationalité #ports

2017 :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/667569

Les #raisons de la baisse des arrivées en Europe, en lien avec la politique d’externalisation en Libye :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/676632

Départs de Libye (ou non-départs car refoulements et interceptions par les gardes-côtes libyens) :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/719759
–-> à mettre en lien avec les politiques d’#externalisation en Libye :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/705401

Et le tout à mettre en lien avec les statistiques sur les #morts et #naufrages en Méditerranée .

2019 :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/768142#message780348

2018 :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/705934
#mourir_en_mer #décès #mortalité

#2014 #2015 #2016 #2017 (et estimations 2018) :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/732058

Arrivées par la #Méditerranée en #2019 :
Europe : plus de 21.000 migrants et réfugiés arrivés par la Méditerranée depuis janvier

Selon l’Agence des Nations Unies pour les migrations (OIM ), les arrivées de migrants en Méditerranée ont dépassé le seuil des 21.000, ce qui constitue une baisse d’environ un tiers par rapport aux 32.070 arrivés au cours de la même période l’an dernier.

Ce sont exactement 21.301 migrants et réfugiés qui sont entrés en Europe par voie maritime à la date du 29 mai. Les arrivées en Espagne et en Grèce représentent 85% du total des arrivées, le reste des migrants et réfugiés de cette année ont pris la direction de l’Italie, de Malte et de Chypre.

La Grèce a désormais surpassé l’Espagne au titre de première destination des migrants et des réfugiés rejoignant l’Europe via la Méditerranée. Selon l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), le nombre total d’arrivées par mer cette année est de 10.200 dont 2.483 arrivées signalées entre le 1er et le 29 mai dernier.

Le Bureau de l’OIM en Grèce a indiqué mercredi dernier que les garde-côtes helléniques ont confirmé que pendant plus de 48 heures entre le 28 et le 29 mai, il y eu sept incidents nécessitant des opérations de recherche et sauvetage au large des îles de Lesbos, Leros, Samos, Symi Kos et le port d’Alexandroupolis. Ils ont ainsi sauvé 191 migrants qui ont été transférés par la suite dans les ports respectifs grecs.

De plus, à la date du 30 avril, ce sont 3.497 migrants qui ont réussi à atteindre la Grèce via sa frontière terrestre avec la Turquie.
519 décès de migrants, dont plus de la moitié sur la route de la Méditerranée centrale

L’Espagne reste la deuxième porte d’entrée des réfugiés en Méditerranée, avec 7.876 arrivées dont 1.160 hommes, femmes et enfants pour le seul mois de mai. Sur la même période l’an dernier, Madrid a comptabilisé 8.150 migrants et réfugiés ayant réussi à franchir la route de la Méditerranée occidentale. En outre, plus de 2.100 ont atteint l’Espagne via sa frontière terrestre avec le Maroc.

Par ailleurs, l’OIM rappelle que les arrivées ont considérablement baissé en Italie où seuls 1.561 migrants ont réussi à franchir les côtes siciliennes.

Mais la route de la Méditerranée centrale (Italie et Malte) reste tout de même la plus meurtrière avec 321 décès, soit plus de la moitié du total de migrants et réfugiés ayant péri en tentant d’atteindre l’Europe. Les décès enregistrés sur les trois principales routes de la mer Méditerranée pendant près de cinq mois en 2019 s’élèvent à 519 personnes, soit un quart de moins que les 662 décès confirmés au cours de la même période en 2018.

A cet égard, l’OIM rappelle que dans l’ouest de la Méditerranée, l’organisation non gouvernementale Alarme Phone a signalé qu’un jeune Camerounais avait disparu le 21 mai dernier. Selon les témoignages des huit survivants qui l’accompagnaient, il serait tombé en mer avant que leur navire ne soit intercepté par la marine marocaine. Son corps n’a pas été retrouvé.

En Méditerranée centrale, des migrants interceptés et renvoyés en Libye le 23 mai ont également indiqué aux équipes de l’OIM que cinq hommes s’étaient noyés au cours de leur voyage. « Aucun autre détail concernant l’identité, le pays d’origine ou d’autres informations personnelles concernant les disparus n’est disponible », a souligné l’OIM dans une note à la presse.

▻https://news.un.org/fr/story/2019/05/1044671

« Avec Jérusalem, Donald Trump joue l’avenir du processus de paix »
MondeDans les prochaines heures, le président américain pourrait reconnaître la ville sainte comme capitale d’Israël. Explosif !
Sabrina Myre | 5 décembre 2017, 20h00

(...) Offrir Jérusalem aux Israéliens torpillerait le processus de paix et signerait la mort définitive de la solution à deux États. « Ça ne sert plus à rien de négocier si les États-Unis décident du statut de Jérusalem, qui devait être scellé dans un accord de paix », tranche Fouad Hallak, l’un des conseillers pour les négociations à l’Organisation de libération de la Palestine. Les Palestiniens aspirent à faire de Jérusalem-Est, dont la Vieille-Ville, qui abrite les lieux saints, la capitale d’un futur pays. « Sans la mosquée Al-Aqsa pour les musulmans et le Saint-Sépulcre pour les chrétiens, aucun État palestinien n’est envisageable », soutient l’expert. Pas plus acceptable qu’Abu Dis, petite ville en périphérie de Jérusalem, proposée comme future capitale par le supposé plan de paix des Saoudiens, révélé lundi par le New York Times. Il n’en fallait pas plus pour faire grimper la tension.

Le Hamas menace

En plein marathon diplomatique pour faire dérailler l’annonce, Mahmoud Abbas, président de l’Autorité palestinienne, est sur la sellette. « Ce serait un échec qui lui ferait perdre le peu de légitimité qui lui reste », lâche Hamada Jaber, analyste au Centre palestinien pour la recherche politique et les études d’opinion. « Vingt-cinq ans après les Accords d’Oslo, il ne reste plus rien. Aussi bien dissoudre l’Autorité, née dans la foulée de ces pourparlers », propose le chercheur. Une reconnaissance hypothétique de Jérusalem comme capitale d’Israël provoque déjà la colère des Palestiniens. Le mouvement islamiste Hamas a menacé de « raviver l’Intifada ». « Cette crise plongera les Palestiniens dans l’incertitude mais pourrait forcer l’émergence d’un nouveau leadership et la fin du statu quo », analyse Hamada Jaber.(...)

Trump joue avec le feu sur l’explosif statut de Jérusalem
Par Journaliste Figaro Philippe Gélie Mis à jour le 05/12/2017 à 20:01
▻http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2017/12/05/01003-20171205ARTFIG00286-trump-joue-avec-le-feu-sur-l-explosif-statut-de-j

En Libye, des migrants vendus sur des « marchés aux esclaves »
►http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/04/12/en-libye-des-migrants-vendus-sur-des-marches-aux-esclaves_5110019_3212.html

En Libye, des migrants vendus sur des « marchés aux esclaves »

Selon l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations, la traite d’êtres humains est une pratique de plus en plus fréquente chez les passeurs.

v. aussi : ▻http://seen.li/clp6

#asile #migrations #deal #accord #réfugiés #retour #renvoi #expulsion #accord_de_réadmission #réfugiés_afghans #Afghanistan

EU-Afghanistan returns plan: Another “dodgy” deal

- Deal to be signed next week to start immediate refugee “return” flights
– Is Afghanistan a “safe country”?
– Quick return of 80,000 refugees planned
– “effectively implement readmission commitments” - by-passing parliamentary scrutiny

▻http://www.statewatch.org/news/2016/sep/eu-afghanistan-dodgy-deal.htm

L’Union européenne s’apprête à développer les retours vers l’Afghanistan

L’association britannique Statewatch révèle que l’Union européenne s’apprête à signer, à l’occasion de la conférence des 4 et 5 octobre sur l’Afghanistan, un accord avec ce pays pour amplifier les retours volontaires et forcés et l’organisation de vols charters. L’accord prendra effet dès le jour de sa signature, et les expulsions pourront être facilitées par l’émission de laissez-passer européens.

►https://passeursdhospitalites.wordpress.com/2016/10/01/lunion-europeenne-sapprete-a-developper-les-retours

Plans to repatriate 3 million Afghan refugees are dangerous and misguided

Europe and Pakistan’s proposals to send millions of people back to Afghanistan will cause mayhem in an already fragile country

▻https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/30/afghanistan-refugee-crisis-europe-pakistan?CMP=share_btn_tw

Greece: Afghan refugees in #Elliniko face camp closure

As EU prepares for Brussels Afghanistan conference, Afghan refugees weigh returning to homeland consumed by violence.

http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/imagecache/mbdxxlarge/mritems/Images/2016/10/3/e29b7b60901f4833869f63e0570a1d7c_18.jpg

EU signs deal to deport unlimited numbers of Afghan asylum seekers

Plans for dedicated reception terminal in Kabul, but experts warn that violence and instability in Afghanistan make deportations unsafe

▻https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/03/eu-european-union-signs-deal-deport-unlimited-numbers-afghan-asylum-see

Comment l’Union européenne espère faciliter les renvois vers l’Afghanistan

Demain la Conférence de Bruxelles sur l’Afghanistan se réunira avec la participation des représentants de 70 pays et 20 organisations et agences internationales. Elle sera l’occasion pour le gouvernement afghan d’exposer sa vision et son bilan en matière de réformes. Pour la communauté internationale, la conférence sera l’occasion d’affirmer sa volonté de fournir un soutien politique et financier durable en faveur de la paix, de la consolidation de l’État et du développement en Afghanistan.

►http://blogs.letemps.ch/jasmine-caye/2016/10/04/comment-lunion-europeenne-espere-faciliter-les-renvois-vers-lafghanist

Europe Makes Deal to Send Afghans Home, Where War Awaits Them

BRUSSELS — The European Union and Afghanistan announced a deal on Wednesday that would send tens of thousands of Afghan migrants who had reached Europe back home to an increasingly hazardous war zone.

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/10/06/world/06afghanistan-web1/06afghanistan-web1-master768.jpg

L’Afghanistan bientôt fixé sur le niveau de réengagement de ses donateurs

L’Afghanistan, ravagé par la guerre et porté à bout de bras depuis quinze ans par la communauté internationale, saura mercredi dans quelle mesure ses principaux donateurs se réengagent à ses côtés pour les quatre prochaines années, à l’occasion d’une conférence à Bruxelles.

▻http://www.courrierinternational.com/depeche/136-milliards-deuros-promis-lafghanistan.afp.com.20161005.doc
#aide_au_développement

Afghan Refugees Forced to Return to a Home Many Have Never Known

Umer Ali travels to the Pakistani border city of Peshawar for the first in our ‘Return to Afghanistan’ series, finding that the forced return of thousands of Afghan refugees is breaking up marriages and dividing families.

▻https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/articles/2016/10/04/afghan-refugees-forced-to-return-to-a-home-many-have-never-known

Broken on the Border

It’s the world’s untold migration crisis. Every day, up to 1,000 dazed and confused Afghan migrants, some carrying serious injuries, arrive on buses from Iran at the remote Islam Qala border crossing. Over 250,000 have crossed since the start of 2016. They tell stories of theft, beatings, exploitation and abuse. Some labour migrants have been paid in heroin and are now addicted, cast off by their employers. Some are mere kids: teenagers turned breadwinners. There are single women, elderly people, and Afghans born as refugees in Iran. IOM and the Afghan Government help them to get back to their home towns, but most are going back to abject poverty, joblessness and the horrors of war.

▻http://features.iom.int/stories/broken-on-the-border

Vu sur twitter avec ce commentaire (07.10.2016) :

Così l’Ue aiuta l’Afghanistan:voli charter e un nuovo terminal per i rimpatri forzati degli afghani in Europa

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CuEqZApXEAAuVpo.jpg

Afghan Refugees: Conversations Along the Migration Trail

In the first part of our op-ed series “Afghans on the Migration Trail,” which coincides with the Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, migration specialist Nassim Majidi discusses her research, illustrating the diverse tapestry of Afghans seeking asylum.

▻https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/articles/2016/10/06/afghan-refugees-conversations-along-the-migration-trail

EU–Afghanistan deportation–aid deal: Classic strategy or classic mistake?

At a conference in Brussels this week, world powers including the EU, US and Japan pledged $15 billion towards development aid and peace building in Afghanistan over the next four years. The day before the start of the conference, the EU signed an agreement with the Afghan government allowing its member states to deport an unlimited number of the country’s asylum seekers, which the Afghan government are obliged to receive.

▻https://www.imi.ox.ac.uk/blog/eu2013afghanistan-deportation2013aid-deal-classic-strategy-or-classic-mist

EU strong-arms Afghanistan to accept back people in exchange for aid

In the run-up to the Brussels Donor Conference on Afghanistan on 4 and 5 October, leaked documents illustrated how the EU is pressuring Afghanistan to take back Afghan nationals who were refused international protection in Europe and failed to return voluntarily in exchange for aid. Over 85,000 Afghans applied for asylum in the EU in the first half of 2016, and 200,000 Afghans lodged a protection claim in 2015, making them the second-largest group of asylum seekers in Europe.

▻http://www.ecre.org/eu-strong-arms-afghanistan-to-accept-back-people-in-exchange-for-aid

Viewpoint: Why Afghan refugees are facing a humanitarian catastrophe

Hundreds of thousands of Afghan refugees in Europe, Pakistan and Iran are being forced to return home to Afghanistan by the European Union, UN agencies and governments in the region.

▻http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37607785

Why are Afghan refugees being forced back to a worsening war?

The UN planned to provide assistance to about 250,000 displaced people in Afghanistan this year. Now it’s looking at a million — far more than the government and aid agencies are able to handle.

▻https://www.irinnews.org/fr/node/259116

Life in Greece’s Elliniko refugee camp

Wet clothes were draped from the chain-link fence spanning the perimeter of the dilapidated airport hangar now being used to house hundreds of refugees and migrants, mostly Afghans, on an April afternoon.

▻http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2017/04/life-greece-elliniko-refugee-camp-170427092441621.html

Rukmini Callimachi is arguably the best reporter on the most impor­tant beat in the world. As a New York Times correspondent covering terrorism, her work explores not just what jihadists do but how they do it. You’ve read her stories on ISIS’s use of birth control to maintain its supply of sex slaves, or the Kouachi brothers’ path to the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, or the nature of lone-wolf attacks like the recent mass shooting in Orlando. Her byline often appears on the front page of the paper; at just 43, she’s received three Pulitzer Prize nominations. Perhaps the most remarkable thing about Callimachi, though, is how she gets her insights into the world’s most hostile and secretive organizations. Sure, she spends months every year out of the country reporting, but increasingly her work requires just as much time staring at her phone and computer screen. Social media enables Callimachi to access what she calls the “inner world of jihadists”; she lurks in Telegram chat rooms, navigates an endless flood of tips on Twitter, and carefully tracks sources and subjects all over the Internet. Her cell phone battery dies up to four times a day. The truth, she has found, is as much online as it is on the ground.

▻http://www.wired.com/2016/08/rukmini-callimachi-new-york-times-isis

#accord #Turquie #Grèce #asile #migrations #réfugiés #détention_administrative #rétention #Lesbos #Chios #Moria #VIAL

Greece: «As a doctor, I feel outraged»

Everything has now changed on the Greek island of Lesbos which last year saw well over half a million refugees and migrants take their first steps on European soil. During the chaos of last summer, 15,000 people were stranded on the island after the authorities stopped running ferries to the mainland. Now everything is clean and tidy, ready for the upcoming tourist season. The camps set up by volunteers and NGOs to provide temporary shelter to families arriving on the island are completely empty.

▻http://www.msf.org/article/greece-doctor-i-feel-outraged

Asylum Applicants No Longer Detained in Registration Centers on Greek Islands

As of Monday, the “administrative restriction” process for asylum applicants on Lesvos and Chios is in effect, meaning that they cannot be detained in registration centers after 25 days.

The migrants are gradually free to leave the hotspots since their asylum applications take longer than 25 days to process.

The migrants released from the registration centers are given a specific document that says their asylum application is in process and they cannot leave the island until there is a decision on their case.

▻http://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/04/19/asylum-applicants-no-longer-detained-in-registration-centers-o

Open Hotspots Again

On April 20, more than 160 asylum seekers and migrants reached Lesbos and Chios from Turkey. The police detained them in the closed facilities on those islands, Moria and VIAL, as they do everyone who has arrived on the islands since the ill-conceived EU-Turkey deal came into force a month ago.

▻https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/25/open-hotspots-again

Security concerns flare up over Greek asylum centers

The European Asylum Support Office, which coordinates EU efforts to help Greece with the processing of asylum requests, said “a number of security measures have been taken while other measures are ongoing,” according to a letter the agency’s executive director, José Carreira, sent the Belgian government Friday, a copy of which was obtained by POLITICO.

▻http://www.politico.eu/article/eu-asylum-agency-easo-security-measures-greece-centers-lesvos-riots-migrati

From refugees to prisoners

New data show that large swathes of the European public want their governments to show more solidarity with refugees, but instead the EU-Turkey deal has paved the way to mass detention.

▻https://www.opendemocracy.net/mediterranean-journeys-in-hope/brad-k-blitz/from-refugees-to-prisoners

Una notte nella prigione per profughi di Lesbo

Due livelli di recinzione con filo spinato. Le tende dell’UNHCR e gli “shelter” – i prefabbricati da trenta metri quadrati dove dormono fino a dieci persone alla volta. Le telecamere che sorvegliano l’hotspot e, di notte, fari e fasci di luce puntati verso la collina. E ancora: la coda per la mensa fatta di centinaia di corpi per ottenere una scodella in plastica di “Potatoes&Maccheroni” – che è anche il ritornello di una filastrocca sarcastica inventata dai migranti. La intonano polemicamente a orario pasti, contro la monotonia di questo regime alimentare. In realtà le patate non ci sono e i maccheroni sono delle mezze penne coperte da pomodorini, capperi, olive e un blocco di feta dal sapore nauseante.

http://thesubmarine.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/5040008-2.jpg

#politique_migratoire

#bricolage (pas mal comme hashtag, ça peut aussi s’appliquer à d’autres trucs par exemple comme au Monde quand il bricole etc...)

Greece offers to send migrants directly back to Turkey via Aegean Sea

Greece’s defense minister has said he wants an agreement with neighboring Turkey that would allow the European Union’s Frontex border agency to stop and turn back - within Turkish waters - boats carrying migrants to the Greek islands.

▻http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/greece-offers-to-send-migrants-directly-back-to-turkey-via-aegean
#push-back #refoulement

Reçu via la mailing-list Migreurop:

L’accord de l’UE avec la Turquie commence à produire l’effet souhaité par les Européens : une diminution des arrivées en Grèce et en Bulgarie. Mais la Turquie doit encore faire un effort …

http://i.imgur.com/ZDuDcc1.png

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council onthe State of Play of Implementation of the Priority Actions under the European Agenda on Migration

▻http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/managing_the_refugee_crisis_state_of_play_20160210_en.pdf

Toujours via la mailing list Migreurop:

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the State of Play of Implementation of the Priority Actions under the European
Agenda on Migration
▻http://www.statewatch.org/news/2016/feb/eu-com-sop-com-85-16.pdf

Page 18: “In this context, the Commission underlines that the concept of safe third country as defined in the Asylum Procedures Directive39 requires that the possibility exists to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Convention, but does not require that the safe third country has ratified that Convention without geographical reservation.”

In the communication, the European Commission stated that Turkey could be considered as a safe third country, even if the Geneva convention criteria apply for European refugees only (Turkey signed the Geneva convention with geographical limitation). Even if Syrians, Afghans, Iraqis and other non-European nationalities are not granted any refuge in Turkey, the European countries that consider Turkey as a safe third country will be able to send people back (not only ’economic migrants’ as the readmission agreement allows them to do, but everybody) to Turkey, where they won’t be able to submit any asylum application to the Turkish state and will be probably sent back to their country of origin.

With the new statement of the European Commission, the notion of safe third country becomes meaningless in terms of protection and only serves the European policies and border controls.

#pays_sûr #pays_tiers_sûr

The NATO pushbacks in the Aegean and international law

On Thursday 11 February 2016, NATO announced that its ships would immediately be deployed in the Aegean in order to combat irregular migration, in cooperation with the relevant authorities and with Frontex. On 23 February, NATO Secretary-General Stoltenberg stated in the European parliament: “When we rescue those people, what we agreed with Turkey at a ministerial level, we agreed that if those people came from Turkey then we can return them to Turkey.” Stoltenberg repeated this on 24 February. Is this compatible with international law?

►http://thomasspijkerboer.eu/thomas-blogs/the-nato-pushbacks-in-the-aegean-and-international-law

Crise migratoire : L’OTAN positionne ses forces navales en mer Egée

Plus de deux semaines après son annonce, l’opération de l’OTAN en mer Egée est à pied d’œuvre et franchit un nouveau cap dans la lutte contre le trafic de migrants depuis la Turquie. Alors que des bâtiments de l’Alliance ont dans un premier temps permis de renforcer les moyens de surveillance, l’Organisation a acté dimanche 6 mars une étape supplémentaire.

▻http://meretmarine.com/fr/content/crise-migratoire-lotan-positionne-ses-forces-navales-en-mer-egee

Nato commander: Isis ‘spreading like cancer’ among refugees

Philip Breedlove says refugees are ‘masking the movement’ of terrorists, but human rights groups disagree: ‘We are talking about needles in haystacks’

▻http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/01/refugees-isis-nato-commander-terrorists?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

NATO patrols helping stem refugee flow, says Stoltenberg

Joint NATO patrols in the Aegean have had a “significant” impact on reducing refugee flows from Turkey to Greece, the alliance’s secretary-general, Jens Stoltenberg, has told Kathimerini.

▻http://www.ekathimerini.com/208148/article/ekathimerini/news/nato-patrols-helping-stem-refugee-flow-says-stoltenberg

Le ministre de la Défense israélien s’en prend à une organisation de lanceurs d’alerte
15 déc. 2015,
▻https://francais.rt.com/international/12179-ministre-defense-israelien-d%C3%A9fend-armee

Moshe Yaalon a estimé que l’organisation « Briser le silence » dégrade l’image d’Israël en publiant des témoignages d’anciens soldats qui dénoncent l’occupation de la Cisjordanie et les opération en Palestine.

Fondé en 2004, le groupe rassemble et publie en effet les témoignages d’anciens soldats qui ont servi en Palestine ou dans les territoires occupés de Cisjordanie. Il révèle ainsi aux israéliens les abus commis contre la population palestinienne, ce qui est souvent difficile pour les médias, fournies en informations par des porte-paroles de l’armée.

Moshe Yaalon entend donc lutter contre cette organisation et montrer le « prix moral » qu’Israël paie pour l’occupation. Selon lui, « Briser le silence » mène une politique de « propagande mensongère contre les soldats et les l’Etat, et contribue à délégitimer l’image du pays ».

Surtout, pour Moshe Yaalon, les témoignages relatés par l’organisation « se sont plusieurs fois révélés sans fondement. Cette organisation agit pour des motifs malveillants, et nous devons donc nous engager totalement dans la lutte contre ce groupe. »

Il y a trois ans ils se sont attaqués à Btselem qui a survécu. Il faut soutenir « briser le silence » à tout prix. Sans eux nous ne saurons rien. Ils sont le seuls lien avec la vérité et la réalité de l’occupation israélienne en Palestine.

Un message de la FMEP ce soir à propos de cette affaire :

Yesterday, the right-wing Israeli group Im Tirzu released an inflammatory and offensive video attacking four leading Israeli human rights activists as dangerous “foreign agents.” Among the activists targeted were Hagai El Ad, director of B’tselem, and Avner Gvaryahu of Breaking the Silence.

In response to this attack, the Foundation for Middle East Peace strongly affirms its support for Hagai and Avner, for our grantee organizations Breaking the Silence and B’tselem, and for all of those who work toward the cause of human rights and peace in Israel and Palestine. FMEP’s support for these groups is based on shared values of democracy, equality, and tolerance. Hateful attacks like the one launched by Im Tirzu undermine those values. The activists named in the video represent the best of an open, democratic civil society, something of which all Israelis should be proud, just as we at FMEP are proud to share in the common work of advancing human rights in our societies.

We call on other pro-Israel, pro-Palestinian, and pro-peace organizations in the U.S. to join us in standing in solidarity with our Israeli colleagues against the increasing atmosphere of incitement against Israeli human rights organizations.

Sincerely,

Matthew Duss

President

Foundation for Middle East Peace

FMEP Affirms Support For Israeli Human Rights Organizations

December 15, 2015

▻http://fmep.org/media/press/fmep-affirms-support-for-israeli-human-rights-organizations

La droite israélienne s’attaque à une association d’anciens soldats
Par Cyrille Louis, Correspondant à Jérusalem | Mis à jour le 16/12/2015
▻http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2015/12/16/01003-20151216ARTFIG00297-la-droite-israelienne-s-attaque-a-une-association

De nombreuses voix pressent le gouvernement de légiférer contre l’ONG « Rompre le silence », dont les vétérans dévoilent, depuis bientôt douze ans, les coulisses de l’occupation en Cisjordanie.

Breaking the Silence: Why Take the Message Abroad?

The left-wing NGO made up of former soldiers found itself at the center of a public storm and under ferocious attack from across the Israeli political spectrum.
Ilan Lior Dec 18, 2015
▻http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.692518

“Why abroad?” was the most persistent question members of Breaking the Silence were asked this week in interviews, on social media, and in personal messages. The small NGO, more used to being sidelined, found itself at the center of a public storm and under ferocious attack.

It was accused of slandering Israel around the world and of damaging its international image. The radical right-wing Im Tirtzu movement issued a video accusing the activists of being “moles” – agents for foreign states. That led to a spate of curses and threats on the lives of the NGO’s activists, all former Israel Defense Forces combatants.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu blasted Breaking the Silence in the Knesset for “spreading libel about IDF soldiers in the world.” Defense Minister Moshe Ya’alon instructed the IDF not to cooperate with the NGO, whose motives he said were “malicious.” and “blackens our soldiers’ faces abroad.” Education Minister Naftali Bennett forbade the group to enter schools. Even Yesh Atid leader Yair Lapid attacked the NGO from the opposition and said it “harms and sullies the IDF abroad, spreading lies about our combatants.”

Breaking the Silence was set up 11 years ago by combatants who served in Hebron. They recounted their personal experiences from their service in the West Bank and started to gather testimonies from others about the violation of human rights under the occupation. Today, the organization has collected testimonies from more than 1,000 soldiers and has published them in the media, on the Internet, in booklets and at events and exhibitions.

Today it employs 15 people, who all gave their own testimonies, as well as dozens of volunteers. The organization’s staff guide Hebrew and English tours in Hebron, take part in conferences, meet youth and students and hold demonstrations.

Over the past year, NGO have members met senior White House officials for the first time. They also took part in events in the United States, Spain, The Netherlands and Scotland and held photo exhibitions in Switzerland. Amidst the storm raised by the group’s activity, the NGO’s founder, Yehuda Shaul gave a lecture in Denmark.

http://www.haaretz.com/polopoly_fs/1.692519.1450389324!/image/2278087116.jpg_gen/derivatives/headline_1714x964/2278087116.jpg

“The absolute majority – at least 85 percent – of the organization’s activity takes place in Israel, in Hebrew, or with Jews,” says director Yuli Novak in an interview with Haaretz. “We do a lot of work with Diaspora Jews, mainly in Israel, with youngsters who come in various groups and meet with us.”

As for the activity overseas, “the occupation isn’t an internal Israeli matter,” says Novak, who served as an Air Force officer. “The Israeli occupation that we see as immense damaging to Israel, is maintained and supported abroad. Millions of dollars, mostly tax money, are invested in telling the world ‘if you’re for Israel you’re for the occupation.’”

“We bring to this debate an Israeli, patriotic voice that says ‘we love Israel, but the occupation harms it.’ It’s critical that the world knows there are Israeli soldiers who think the state’s future depends on ending the occupation.”

Achiya Schatz, a former combatant in the Duvdevan special operations unit, says, “People are silenced and gagged in Israel. Anyone who opposes the occupation is seen as a traitor.”

“When the settlers’ Yesha Council speaks abroad how come nobody criticizes it? It’s sheer hypocrisy. The attempt to divert the debate to [our activity] abroad is government spin,” he says.

The NGO’s critics say it strengthens the BDS. “We don’t support BDS, we never supported them or cooperated with them,” Schatz says.

“Obviously Breaking the Silence statements raise objection. When you see the unpleasant sight in the mirror we put up, your first instinct is to look aside,” she says.

But “Israel’s problem is the occupation. What makes Israel look bad is that for 48 years we’ve been ruling another nation and not showing any sign that we mean to change it – not soldiers telling what the occupation looks like,” she says.

Novak says former combatants who have undergone special training in gathering information take the testimonies. Only those that are checked, cross-checked with others and verified are published. “No Breaking the Silence testimony has ever been refuted,” says Shatz.

Novak refutes the claim that a Palestinian fund gave the NGO more than a million shekels to produce negative testimonies against the IDF. The fund, he says, works from Ramallah, but belongs to European states. “My work is not determined by the donors’ wishes,” he says. “The organization’s activity is entirely open and transparent.”

The last few days have been especially difficult for the NGO’s people. Their email and Facebook accounts and mobile phones were filled with death threats and curses.

“Some people fear for their life all the time. We all have families and they’re worried. It’s difficult, but the price of silence is too high,” says Shatz.

On the upside, the number of supporters and people wanting to give testimony is also rising.

“We’re in the company of the state’s president, Supreme court judges and other figures the right is trying to silence. So the attack isn’t only us, it’s dangerous to Israel. We’d expect our government and Knesset to stand by our side – not because they agre with us, but because democracy is crumbling,” she says.

Ce qui devient dans le Monde : « Moscou est passé aux attaques personnelles ».
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2015/12/02/moscou-accuse-erdogan-et-sa-famille-d-etre-impliques-dans-le-trafic-de-petro

Après le froid diplomatique, Moscou est passé aux attaques personnelles, dans la crise qui l’oppose à Ankara depuis que des avions de chasse turcs ont abattu un bombardier russe près de la frontière syrienne. Mercredi 2 décembre, le vice-ministre de la défense russe, Anatoli Antonov, a accusé « le président Erdogan et sa famille » de profiter de la contrebande de pétrole à laquelle se livre l’organisation djihadiste Etat islamique (EI) en Syrie.

cc @isskein

On peut ajouter « Why a Climate Deal Is the Best Hope for Peace », de Naomi Klein et Jason Bow
▻http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-a-climate-deal-is-the-best-hope-for-peace

We are finally starting to recognize that climate change leads to wars and economic ruin.

...le Prince Charles :

And, in fact, there’s very good evidence indeed that one of the major reasons for this horror in Syria, funnily enough was a drought that lasted for about five or six years, which meant that huge numbers of people in the end had to leave the land.

▻http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/12010746/Prince-Charles-Climate-change-failure-is-a-factor-behind-Syrian-crisis.

... ou encore John Kerry et ses « Remarks on Climate Change and National Security »
▻http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/11/249393.htm

Today I am pleased to announce that I will be convening a task force of senior government officials to determine how best to integrate climate and security analysis into overall foreign policy planning and priorities. For example, the strategic plans our embassies use should account for expected climate impacts so that our diplomats can work with host countries to focus on prevention – to proactively address climate-driven stresses on people’s livelihoods, health, and security and to do it before it evolves into deep grievances that fuel conflicts.

#réductionnisme_climatique

Puisque l’article du Monde parle de l’article de Francesca de Chatel pour justifier les propos de Bernie Sanders le lendemain des attentats, citons-en un extrait :

In the case of Syria, where there are so many other evident causes of the current conflict, it seems unproductive to focus on the possible role of climate change in the uprising, or indeed in possible future conflict. Climate change may cause more frequent and harsher drought in Syria, but the ongoing failure to rationalize water use and enforce environmental and water use laws certainly constitutes a much greater threat to the country’s natural resources. Rather than seeing the 2006–10 drought in north-eastern Syria as a harbinger of catastrophic climate change and conflict scenarios, it should be considered on the backdrop of years of mismanagement, unsustainable policy making and rising rural poverty, which fuelled pre-existing discontent and sparked the first protests.While the 2007/8 season registered as the worst regional drought in 40 years, the overall impact of the 2006–10 drought in north-eastern Syria was undoubtedly exacerbated by a long legacy of resource mismanagement.

▻http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263206.2013.850076?journalCode=fmes20

On peut aussi citer « Over-grazing and desertification in the Syrian steppe are the root causes of war »
▻http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2871076/overgrazing_and_desertification_in_the_syrian_steppe_are_the_root_caus

http://www.theecologist.org/siteimage/scale/800/600/393957.png

The picture [taken in March 2008] portrayed a fence separating a steppe terrain in two parts: the area on the left was open to sheep grazing; the area on the right had been instead protected for at least 10 years. The image revealed a lunar rocky landscape on the left, and a blossoming pasture on the right.

The image simply evidences, without need for any words, that the Syrian steppe ecosystem is perfectly adapted to cope with droughts - yes, even with extreme droughts exacerbated by climate change. However, this landscape can succumb easily to human irrationality and indifference.

merci @lyco !

#révisionnisme ?

PM Netanyahu’s Speech at the 37th Zionist Congress
20/10/2015 Photo by Amos Ben Gershom, GPO
▻http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/MediaCenter/Speeches/Pages/speechcongress201015.aspx

And this attack and other attacks on the Jewish community in 1920, 1921, 1929, were instigated by a call of the Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini, who was later sought for war crimes in the Nuremberg trials because he had a central role in fomenting the final solution. He flew to Berlin. Hitler didn’t want to exterminate the Jews at the time, he wanted to expel the Jews. And Haj Amin al-Husseini went to Hitler and said, “If you expel them, they’ll all come here.” "So what should I do with them?" he asked. He said, “Burn them.” And he was sought in, during the Nuremberg trials for prosecution. He escaped it and later died of cancer, after the war, died of cancer in Cairo. But this is what Haj Amin al-Husseini said. He said, “:The Jews seek to destroy the Temple Mount.” My grandfather in 1920 seeks to destroy…? Sorry, the al-Aqsa Mosque.
So this lie is about a hundred years old. It fomented many, many attacks. The Temple Mount stands. The al-Aqsa Mosque stands. But the lie stands too, persists.

et sa conclusion :

But I think the larger battle that we fight is the battle for the truth and I urge every one of you to be a soldier in that battle. We’ve withstood, in the last century, the many assaults on our people. We came back to our homeland. We built our state. We’ve overcome tremendous forces. Israel is a modern, democratic, progressive and powerful state. We’ve withstood the attacks of terror, Palestinian terror, over the decades and we’ll overcome this one too. But I believe that the biggest battle we have to fight is the battle for the facts. The facts win over the fiction if they’re repeated clearly, responsibly, firmly. This is what I ask all of you to do for the sake of the Jewish state and for the sake of the Jewish people.

Nétanyahou fait du grand mufti de Jérusalem l’inspirateur de la solution finale
Le Monde | 21.10.2015 à 11h37 • Mis à jour le 21.10.2015 à 11h58 | Par Piotr Smolar (Jérusalem, correspondant)
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2015/10/21/netanyahou-fait-du-grand-mufti-de-jerusalem-l-inspirateur-d-hitler_4793848_3

(...)Ce dialogue imaginaire qui aurait eu lieu le 28 novembre 1941 lors de la rencontre, tout à fait réelle, entre Hitler et le mufti, a déclenché un incendie sur les réseaux sociaux. Il a obligé les responsables politiques à intervenir dans le débat, tandis que les historiens étaient invités à se prononcer sur la validité de cette thèse. Le chef des travaillistes, Isaac Herzog, a réagi mercredi sur sa page Facebook en évoquant « une dangereuse distorsion historique ». « Je demande à Nétanyahou de la corriger immédiatement car elle minimise la Shoah, le nazisme et… le rôle d’Hitler dans le désastre terrible de notre peuple. »

Mais la réaction la plus tranchante fut celle de la chef du parti de gauche Meretz, Zehava Galon. « Peut-être que les 33 771 juifs assassinés à Babi Yar en septembre 1941 – deux mois avant la rencontre entre le mufti et Hitler – devraient être exhumés et mis au courant que les nazis ne voulaient pas les détruire. » Quant à Saeeb Erekat, le secrétaire général de l’Organisation pour la libération de la Palestine (OLP), il a affirmé que « Nétanyahou déteste tant les Palestiniens qu’il est prêt à absoudre Hitler pour le meurtre de 6 millions de juifs ». M. Erekat a aussi souligné la participation de milliers de Palestiniens dans les rangs des Alliés.(...)

La guerre israélo-arabe des récits
21 octobre 2015 | Par christian salmon
▻http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/christian-salmon/211015/la-guerre-israelo-arabe-des-recits

(...) Une version révisioniste de la Shoah que Gilbert Achcar professeur à la School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) de l’université de Londres a démenti dans son livre passionnant : Les Arabes et la Shoah (Actes-Sud 2009) dont je reproduis ici le 4e de couverture.

N’oublions pas aussi que Vichy a sauvé des juifs :

Comme Zemmour, Le Pen estime que Vichy a sauvé des juifs
La Dépêche, le 20 octobre 2014 (tiens c’était il y a tout juste un an)
►http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2014/10/20/1975796-comme-zemmour-pen-estime-vichy-sauve-juifs.html

C’est une nouvelle forme de Point Godwin, on devrait l’appeler le Point Zemmour...

Bientôt c’est Faurisson qui écrira les discours de Netanyahou...

Netanyahou tient des propos négationnistes : « Hitler ne voulait pas exterminer les juifs »
Le Premier ministre israélien a accusé mardi le Grand Mufti de Jérusalem, autorité religieuse musulmane, d’avoir poussé Hitler à « brûler » les Juifs.
J.Cl. | 21 Oct. 2015, 11h41 | MAJ : 21 Oct. 2015, 12h18
▻http://www.leparisien.fr/international/derapage-negationniste-de-netanyahou-hitler-ne-voulait-pas-exterminer-les

Le grand Mufti voulait empêcher la création d’un « foyer juif » en Palestine

(...) Fin 1941, après avoir fui en Italie, le grand Mufti de Jérusalem s’était bel et bien réfugié en Allemagne pour demander à Hitler de reconnaître l’indépendance de la Palestine vis-à-vis de la puissance coloniale britannique. Des historiens ont démontré qu’Haj Amin al-Husseini voulait obtenir le droit pour les autorités arabes palestiniennes d’empêcher la création d’un « foyer juif » en Palestine.

La rencontre avec le Führer a lieu le 28 novembre 1941. Aucun historien ne rapporte le dialogue imaginé par Netanyahou hier. Il semble qu’Hitler ait été très impressionné par la personnalité et le sens tactique de son interlocuteur dont il dira : « Cheveux blonds et yeux bleus, le visage émacié, il semble qu’il ait plus d’un ancêtre aryen. Il n’est pas impossible que le meilleur sang romain soit à l’origine de sa lignée ». Al-Husseini obtiendra même le titre « d’aryen d’honneur ».

Erekat: Netanyahu speech blames Palestinians for Holocaust
Oct. 21, 2015 1:20 P.M.
▻http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=768397

(...) The reference to the Mufti was made while attempting to deny that Israel has plans to change the status quo at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, referred to by Jews as the Temple Mount.

Erekat said the comments by the Israeli PM deepen the divide “during a time when a just and lasting peace is needed most” and attempt to turn a political issue into a religious one.

“Just a day after the Israeli occupying forces gunned down five Palestinians, raising up the number of Palestinians killed since October 1st to 50, Mr. Netanyahu blamed the Palestinians for the Holocaust and completely absolved Adolf Hitler’s heinous and reprehensible genocide of the Jewish people,” the PLO official said.

“On behalf of the thousands of Palestinians that fought alongside the Allied Troops in defense of international justice, the State of Palestine denounces these morally indefensible and inflammatory statements.”

Erekat added that it is a “sad day in history” when the leader of Israel hates his neighbor so much that he would absolve the most notorious war criminal in history, Adolf Hitler, of the murder of six million Jews.

Shoah : selon Netanyahou, le mufti de Jérusalem a inspiré Hitler
21/10/2015
▻http://www.france24.com/fr/20151021-benjamin-netanyahou-israel-mufti-jerusalem-holocauste-shoah-hitle

(...) Du reste, au lendemain de son discours devant le congrès sioniste, le Premier ministre israélien a fait machine arrière. Avant de s’envoler pour Berlin, il a déclaré à la presse qu’il n’avait pas voulu diminuer le rôle d’Hitler dans la solution finale : « C’est lui le responsable. C’est lui qui a pris la décision. Mais il est absurde d’ignorer le rôle du mufti Al Husseini qui était un criminel de guerre et a encouragé Hitler à exterminer les juifs d’Europe. » Netanyahou a également expliqué qu’il entendait faire la démonstration qu’un antisémitisme arabe existait « sans l’occupation et sans les colonies. »

Ah, alors en fait l’occupation et la colonisation, c’est pour se venger de l’antisémitisme des arabes ?

Germany tells Netanyahu: We are responsible for the Holocaust
▻http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34599706

Hitler Finds Out That Bibi Thinks the Grand Mufti Convinced Hitler to Kill Jews
►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8R0sAW35nzc

#humour (c’est tout ce qui reste...)

Drôlement curieux tout de même, après avoir offert un dédommagement pour le reconstruire suite au bombardement, proposition courageusement refusée par MSF par souci d’indépendance. Y aurait-il intimidiation (tentative de) ?

MSF parle d’une possible (tentative de ?) #destruction_de_preuves

#bill_gates #santé_mondiale #philanthrocapitalisme #OMS #sida

Le financement de l’OMS est assuré par les contributions des États membres pour moins d’un quart de son budget. Le reste, par des dons volontaires. La Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation doit être le premier donateur et, contrairement à la partie étatique, ces dons sont affectés aux projets décidés par les donateurs.

À titre d’exemple, la Gates Foundation verse annuellement à la GAVI_Alliance, promoteur de la vaccination, un montant supérieur à la plus forte contribution d’un État membre à l’OMS.

#évergétisme

#moi_j'ai_rien_dit :)

Ses calculs s’appuient sur les travaux de l’Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), un institut de recherche lié à l’université de Washington à Seattle, et financé par la Fondation Gates. « Dans les années 1990, les données utilisées pour définir les politiques de santé publique étaient pour le moins approximatives : si vous additionniez tous les chiffres, vous constatiez que les gens mouraient deux ou trois fois ! », se souvient Chris Murray, le directeur de l’IHME. L’adoption, en 2000, des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement a tout changé. « Pour suivre les progrès sur le terrain, tout le monde s’est doté d’instruments de mesure précis. Même les Etats les moins démocratiques se sont sentis obligés de publier des données. » Résultat : il est aujourd’hui possible de calculer avec une grande précision le « retour sur investissement » de différents outils de santé publique.

#indicateurs #OMD
à relier avec ▻http://seenthis.net/messages/376833

#santé #sida

Hezbollah strikes Nusra Front positions near Syria border, Iran says
▻http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.617145

Haaretz’s military correspondent Gili Cohen adds that the Israeli defense establishment estimates that Hezbollah has multiple attack drones in its arsenal, saying the number of these UAVs at its disposal is in the double digits.

An Israel Air Force officer who spoke with reporters on the subject last month said that Iran is involved in transferring UAV technology and operational know-how to Hezbollah, to Israel’s north, and Hamas, to Israel’s south, whether through Syria or directly.

Déjà 3 000 morts cette année en Méditerranée
►http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2014/09/19/deja-3-000-morts-cette-annee-en-mediterranee_4489095_4355770.html

C’est déjà quatre fois plus qu’en 2013, six fois plus qu’en 2012, et le double de 2011 – l’année des « printemps arabes ».

Sauf erreur, à priori, toutes les sanctions occidentales à l’encontre du monde entier qui ne file pas droit sont des défis permanents à l’OMC, comme le laissait entendre d’ailleurs la Russie, il n’y a pas si longtemps.

Voir aussi ▻http://seenthis.net/messages/281097. Au final, que s’est-il passé ?

►http://seenthis.net/messages/270281 #TISA

1 - le #conseil-constitutionnel, d’habitude si prompt à protéger les citoyens des velléités totalitaires de l’Etat devrait obliger à faire accepter au parlement tout accord qui engage la France sous peine de le déclarer illégal, voir convoquer devant la bientôt feu-CJR tout responsable politique ayant mené des négociations internationales à l’insu de la population qu’il représente et qui l’a élu.

2 - on devrait demander à tous les blaireaux qui nous disent qu’il ne faut pas être contre la mondialisation, comment se fait-il que les négociations internationales (secrètes ou pas) vont toujours vers un démantèlement des Etats, et jamais vers une harmonisation fiscale internationale ?
Une harmonisation fiscale permettrait de lutter contre l’évasion fiscale et contre la concurrence déloyale ( concurrence déloyale étant le fléau qui parait-il nous prive de l’utopie libérale)

Voir aussi ►http://seenthis.net/messages/270281

et aussi ▻http://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/2014-06-25/Des-negociations-internationales-secretes-sur-les-services-devoilees (relevé sur un tweet de @mona / @monachollet chez Twitter)