person:noam chomsky

  • In U.N. Speech, Noam Chomsky Blasts United States for Supporting Israel, Blocking Palestinian State
    http://www.filmsforaction.org/watch/in-un-speech-noam-chomsky-blasts-united-states-for-supporting-israel

    As U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announces plans to set up an investigation into the attacks on United Nations facilities during Israel’s recent assault on the Gaza Strip, we broadcast the...

  • Quand Cuba se battait pour l’Angola
    http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2014/10/CONCHIGLIA/50867

    Avec sa nouvelle enquête « magistrale et érudite », selon les mots de Noam Chomsky, l’universitaire italo-américain Piero Gleijeses met à nu la responsabilité américaine dans la poursuite du conflit en Afrique australe après l’indépendance de l’Angola (11 novembre 1975).

  • Israël et Gaza : la politique du fait accompli, par Noam Chomsky -
    http://www.vineyardsaker.fr/2014/10/15/israel-gaza-politique-du-fait-accompli-noam-chomsky/#more-5976

    (...) Pendant plus de 20 ans, Israël s’est efforcé de séparer Gaza de la Cisjordanie, en violation des accords d’Oslo qu’il a signés en 1993 et qui stipulent que Gaza et la Cisjordanie forment une unité territoriale inséparable.

    Un coup d’oeil sur la carte suffit à expliquer cette logique. Séparées de Gaza, toutes les enclaves cisjordaniennes laissées aux Palestiniens n’ont aucun accès au monde extérieur. Elles se trouvent contenues par ces deux puissances hostiles que sont Israël et la Jordanie, tous deux alliés proches des États-Unis, lesquels, contrairement aux apparences, sont très loin d’être un intermédiaire « neutre et honnête ».

    Qui plus est, Israël a systématiquement pris possession de la vallée du Jourdain, en a chassé les Palestiniens, y a établi des colonies, foré des puits et tout fait pour s’assurer que la région, environ un tiers de la Cisjordanie et la majorité de ses terres arables, soit finalement intégrée à l’État israélien, à l’instar des autres régions qu’il a accaparées.

    Les cantons Palestiniens restants se trouveront complètement emprisonnés. Une réunification avec Gaza contrarierait ces plans, qui remontent aux premiers jours de l’occupation et ont bénéficié du soutien continu des principaux partis politiques Israéliens.

    Israël doit maintenant sentir que sa prise de possession des territoires palestiniens de Cisjordanie est allée si loin qu’il a désormais peu à craindre d’une quelconque autonomie limitée accordée aux enclaves qui restent aux Palestiniens.(...)

  • Can Civilization Survive “Really Existing Capitalism”? An Interview With Noam Chomsky
    http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/can-civilization-survive-really-existing-capitalism-an-interview-wit

    [ffa-no-ads]For decades now, Noam Chomsky has been widely regarded as the most important intellectual alive (linguist, philosopher, social and political critic) and the leading US dissident since...

  • Terrorisme, l’arme des puissants, par Noam Chomsky
    http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2001/12/CHOMSKY/8234

    Qu’est-ce que le #terrorisme ? Dans les manuels militaires américains, on définit comme terreur l’utilisation calculée, à des fins politiques ou religieuses, de la violence, de la menace de violence, de l’intimidation, de la coercition ou de la peur. Le problème d’une telle définition, c’est qu’elle recouvre assez exactement ce que les #Etats-Unis ont appelé la guerre de basse intensité, en revendiquant ce genre de pratique. D’ailleurs, en décembre 1987, quand l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies a adopté une résolution contre le terrorisme, un pays s’est abstenu, le Honduras, et deux autres s’y sont opposés, les Etats-Unis et Israël. Pourquoi l’ont-ils fait ? En raison d’un paragraphe de la résolution qui indiquait qu’il ne s’agissait pas de remettre en cause le droit des peuples à lutter contre un régime colonialiste ou contre une occupation militaire.

    Or, à l’époque, l’Afrique du Sud était alliée des Etats-Unis.

  • A propos de l’Écosse, une discussion intéressante et des liens pour mieux comprendre les enjeux du référendum :

    Marco Antonsich, Department of Geography at Loughborough (Leicestershire) explains:

    Scots will vote whether to live in an independent Scotland or not. My feeling is that when nation & nationalism, rather than being tools of oppression, discrimination, marginalization, etc., are mobilized to empower people (like in the case of the Yes campaigners, fighting for a fairer and more progressive society), we, critical geographers, become indeed... voiceless.

    We just don’t know how to deal with a power which shows its good rather than evil face. We are so used to engage with the dark side of power that when this power (in the form of Scottish nationalism) seems to come forward for the good, then we all of a sudden loose our critical tools.

    Progressive nationalism may be an oxymoron per se and there is nothing good in the Scottish Yes campaign; but even more so, how to interpret this silence about Scotland among critical geographers?

    On the list several “critters” have proposed some iterestiung links such as Gordon Asheer :

    Richard Hall ‘s framing and orientation of a response to the referendum question as ‘Yes, BUT’ - http://www.heathwoodpress.com/scottish-referendum-yes-but-richard-gunn

    AWTW – Penny Cole
    http://www.aworldtwin.net/frontline/ScottishIndependenceReferendumYES.html

    Thomas Swann’s recent piece – really relevant to thinking things through from any kind of radical/left perspective- http://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2014/09/16/why-anarchists-should-vote-yes

    Two from afed
    http://scotlandaf.wordpress.com/2013/03/26/rhetoric-of-disempowerment

    http://scotlandaf.wordpress.com/2014/08/20/beyond-the-scottish-referendum

    Medialens on the media coverage
    http://medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/2014/774-dark-omens-and-horror-shows-scottish-independence-power-and-propagand

    A longer version ‘The Scotland Referendum, 2014: Eco-social Justice and a Critical ‘Yes, BUT’
    http://www.heathwoodpress.com/the-scottish-referendum-2014-eco-social-justice-and-a-critical-yes-b

    Noam Chomsky answers questions on Scottish Independence and wider related issues: Myself and Leigh French were given the opportunity to work with Stu Platt on coming up with a series of questions on Independence for one of a series of interviews Stu was doing with Chomsky – one that he wished to dedicate to the topic of Scottish, and wider issues around, independence.
    The links to the film of that interview with Chomsky are here –
    Vimeo:
    http://vimeo.com/105110084

    YouTube:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7HpE4k5JLc

    On his return Stu also filmed myself and Leigh talking about the questions and Chomsky’s responses to them
    The links to the film of that discussion are here –
    Vimeo:
    http://vimeo.com/105110085

    Youtube:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3y_6aG6bxc

    Both the above films and one of James Kelman and Alisdair Gray talking about Independence are here on a web page Stu’s just constructed

    http://www.questionsonindependence.com/Questions_on_Independence/Welcome.html

    Gerry Mooney
    http://www.discoversociety.org/2014/09/02/scotland-state-and-devolutionbut-not-revolutionas-yet

    A Thousand Flowers on the possiblity of a new left party in Scotland http://athousandflowers.net/2014/09/05/the-left-is-dead-long-live-the-left

    Ken MacLeod on reasons to vote No
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOnk1FzX1jA

    Here’s the piece Leigh and I wrote previously – with responses in the comments, and our replies
    http://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2012/08/28/crises-capitalism-and-independence-doctrines

    And attached in pamphlet form

    Also Mike Small’s piece in response to ours
    http://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2012/08/28/lost

    From Kevin Mason:

    http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/16/scottish-nationalism-british-westminster-class

    And John Mc Kendrick:

    https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-h-mckendrick-119472/articles

    http://theconversation.com/profiles/gerry-mooney-123416/articles

    A Red Road to Regeneration in Scotland.
    http://www.allofusfirst.org/resources/library/a-red-road-to-regeneration-in-scotland-2014

    Poverty in Scotland 2014
    http://www.cpag.org.uk/bookshop/policyresearch/poverty-scotland-2014

    #écosse #referendum #royaume-uni

  • Des appels universitaires et d’artistes :

    Artistes Pour la Palestine
    Hamed Abdalla, Samir Abdallah, Haquima Akhabech, Maria Amaral, Jean Asselmeyer, Tayssir Batniji, Mustapha Boutadjine, Dominique Grange, Rachid Koraïchi, Kheridine Mabrouk, Stéphane Rossi, Ernest Pignon-Ernest, Nasser Soumi, Jacques Tardi, Hani Zurob et d’autres, le 2 août 2014
    http://artistsforpalestine.com/fr

    Lettre ouverte sur Gaza et BDS
    Middle East Caucus of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies, le 11 août 2014
    http://www.aurdip.fr/Lettre-ouverte-sur-Gaza-et-BDS-de.html

    Israeli arms protest
    Alice Walker, Ahdaf Soueif, Miranda Pennell, Breyten Breytenbach, John Pilger, Miriam Margolyes, Nick Cave, Noam Chomsky, Richard Falk, Victoria Brittain, The Guardian, le 12 août 2014
    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/12/israeli-arms-protest

    Solidarité africaine avec la Palestine
    Universitaires africains et africanistes, le 12 août 2014
    http://www.aurdip.fr/Solidarite-africaine-avec-la.html

    Back the Boycott
    Près de 200 philosophes et politistes pour le boycott d’Israel, le 10 août 2014
    http://backtheboycott.com

    La communauté internationale doit accélérer la mise en place d’une « zone de catastrophe humanitaire à Gaza »
    Appel du PNGO, le réseau des ONG palestiniennes, le 13 aout 2014
    http://www.plateforme-palestine.org/La-communaute-internationale-doit,4100

    L’acteur anglais Russell Brand appelle au boycott d’Israël
    Jenn Selby, The Independent, 14 August 2014
    http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/russell-brand-calls-for-israel-boycott-comedian-urges-big-businesses-

    Plus de 170 universitaires irlandais signent une pétition pour le boycott universitaire d’Israël, le 14 août 2014
    http://www.aurdip.fr/Plus-de-170-universitaires.html

    Un nonagénaire néerlandais retourne sa médaille de « Juste parmi les nations », après la mort de six membres de sa famille à Gaza
    Article d’Amira Hass, Haaretz, le 15 août 2014, et lettre de M. Zanoli, adressée à l’ambassadeur d’Israël à La Haye, le 11 août 2014
    http://www.aurdip.fr/Un-nonagenaire-neerlandais.html

    InCACBI appeals to Infosys and other Indian companies to stop collaboration with Israel
    Près de 200 intellectuels, artistes et universitaires indiens, le 17 août 2014
    http://incacbi.in/incacbi-appeals-infosys-and-other-indian-companies-stop-collaboration-israel

    FCÉÉ Ontario, un syndicat étudiant qui représente 300.000 étudiants de la province de l’Ontario, au Canada, vient juste de voter une résolution pour BDS
    Le 17 août 2014
    https://www.facebook.com/hammam.farah/posts/10102028346364910?fref=nf

    Il faut lever de toute urgence le blocus à Gaza !
    Mego Terzian (Président de Médecins Sans Frontières France), Le Monde, le 18 août 2014
    http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2014/08/18/il-faut-lever-de-toute-urgence-le-blocus-a-gaza_4472627_3232.html
    –------------------------
    L’affaire Salaita :

    Lettre de l’AURDIP et du BRICUP à la Chancelière de l’Université de l’Illinois, suite à l’annulation d’une position universitaire pour le Dr. Steven Salaita
    AURDIP & BRICUP, le 9 août 2014
    http://www.aurdip.fr/Lettre-de-l-AURDIP-et-BRICUP-a-la.html

    Des pétitions :
    https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1_oGbCNTx7lcvYzQP_kDEZbfclDdu5-GU_HIfCUKfIGQ/viewform

    http://www.change.org/petitions/phyllis-m-wise-we-demand-corrective-action-on-the-scandalous-firing-of-pales

    #boycott #culture #Israël #boycott_culturel #Gaza #Palestine #université #boycott_universitaire

  • “A Hideous Atrocity”: Noam Chomsky on Israel’s Assault on Gaza & U.S. Support for the Occupation
    http://www.filmsforaction.org/watch/a-hideous-atrocity-noam-chomsky-on-israels-assault-on-gaza-and-us-su

     - Hideous. Sadistic. Vicious. Murderous. That is how Noam Chomsky describes Israel’s 29-day offensive in Gaza that killed nearly 1,900 people and left almost 10,000 people injured. Chomsky has...

  • “A Hideous Atrocity”: Noam Chomsky on Israel’s Assault on Gaza & U.S. Support for the Occupation | Democracy Now!
    http://www.democracynow.org/2014/8/7/a_hideous_atrocity_noam_chomsky_on

    #Israel, with U.S. backing, has been committed to keep(..) [#Gaza] separate[d] from [the West Bank].

    And there’s a good reason for that. Just look at the map. If Gaza is the only outlet to the outside world for any eventual Palestinian entity, whatever it might be, the West Bank—if separated from Gaza, the West Bank is essentially imprisoned—Israel on one side, the Jordanian dictatorship on the other. Furthermore, Israel is systematically driving Palestinians out of the Jordan Valley, sinking wells, building settlements. They first call them military zones, then put in settlements—the usual story. That would mean that whatever cantons are left for Palestinians in the West Bank, after Israel takes what it wants and integrates it into Israel, they would be completely imprisoned. Gaza would be an outlet to the outside world, so therefore keeping them separate from one another is a high goal of policy, U.S. and Israeli policy.

    And the unity agreement threatened that. Threatened something else Israel has been claiming for years. One of its arguments for kind of evading negotiations is: How can they negotiate with the Palestinians when they’re divided? Well, OK, so if they’re not divided, you lose that argument. But the more significant one is simply the geostrategic one, which is what I described. So the unity government was a real threat, along with the tepid, but real, endorsement of it by the United States, and they immediately reacted.

    #bantoustans #Palestine #Israël

  • 2014 07 13

    Bonsoir à tous,

    Gilad Atzmon le jazzman et militant antisioniste britannique a écrit un excellent article publié - entre autres - sur le site Information Clearing House. Le titre original est :" Chomsky, BDS and Jewish Left paradigm".

    http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article39036.htm

    A ma connaissance, cet article n’a pas encore été traduit en français. Je me suis donc attelé à cette tâche.

    La traduction que j’ai faite de l’excellent article de Gilatz Amon « Chomsky, le BDS et le paradigme de la Gauche juive » n’ a pas consisté a traduire l’article littéralement mais à le rendre le plus clair possible tout en essayant de demeurer le plus fidèlement possible à la thèse de l’auteur. Les termes entre crochets sont de moi afin de faciliter la compréhension du texte. Gilatz Amon met en doute l’intégrité intellectuelle de Chomsky sur le mouvement BDS y compris sur la question palestinienne ainsi que la gauche israélienne et les juifs de gauche dans lle monde en dénonçant leurs manoeuvres sur le mouvement Boycott, Désinvestissement, Sanctions (BDS). Bonne lecture.

    –------------------------------------------Début de l’article --------------------------------------------------

    Dans son dernier article paru dans « The Nation », Noam Chomsky fait une sélection biaisée des faits qui correspondent le mieux au récit qu’il affectionne, tout en ignorant et déguisant les détails pertinents qui contredisent sa thèse. On pourrait s’attendre d’un universitaire de la stature de Chomsky à faire preuve d’une intégrité intellectuelle beaucoup plus importante.

    En revoyant la dernière critique de Chomsky à propos du mouvement Boycott Désinvestissement et Sanctions (B.D.S), le célèbre linguiste du Massachussets Institute of Technology (M.I.T), on constate que sa thèse sur le BDS est à la limite de la supercherie. Il est particulièrement fascinant d’examiner les tactiques usées par Chomsky et ceci à la lumière des événements actuels en Israël/Palestine.

    Chomsky a écrit : « l’appel lancé au début du mouvement BDS par un groupe d’intellectuels palestiniens en 2005 était d’exiger qu’Israël se conforme pleinement au droit international par »(1) Mettre fin à l’occupation, à la colonisation de toutes les terres arabes occupées en juin 1967 et le démantèlement du mur" [ c’est-à-dire le mur de séparation construit sous l’impulsion du gouvernement d’Ariel Sharon à partir de l’été 2002.]

    Ce qu’a écrit Chomsky est tout simplement faux. En juillet 2005, le premier objectif du mouvement BDS était différent. Il s’agissait de (1) Mettre fin à l’occupation et à la colonisation de toutes les terres arabes et le démantèlement du Mur".

    En 2005, le premier but du BDS ne comportait aucune référence à 1967 comme l’a suggéré Noam Chomsky. Le BDS avait exprimé son opposition à l’occupation entière de la Palestine historique par les Israéliens. Cet objectif a beaucoup contrarié les Juifs spécialement ceux de la Gauche.Pour eux, la signification était évidente, cela implique que le projet sioniste est purement un vol de terre. Ainsi, à une date inconnue, probablement aux alentours de 2010, et sans qu’aucun protocole suggérant qu’une décision formelle ait été prise à ce sujet, l’objectif changea comme par magie et les mots « occupés en juin 1967 » ont été ajoutés.

    Les tentatives de découvrir qui au sein du mouvement BDS était à l’origine du changement n’ont rien donné.Cependant, ce que l’on sait, c’est que le changement a fait suite à une pression croissante des antisionistes juifs du mouvement BDS. On sait aussi que le changement s’est produit quand le BDS a commencé à dépendre de l’argent de Wall Street et de financiers comme George Soros. J’aimerais croire que Chomsky qui est un chercheur méticuleux à qui les détais n’échappent pas est bien conscient de ce changement d’objectif du BDS. Cependant, il se peut aussi que j’ai tort et que Chomsky n’était pas courant de cette histoire d’objectif du BDS au moment où il a écrit son article.

    Mais quelle est vraiment la différence entre l’objectif initial du BDS de 2005 qui préconisait de mettre fin à l’occupation de « toutes les terres arabes » et l’appel modifié qui mentionne seulement la terre occupée depuis 1967 ?

    La réponse est claire. Le BDS a d’abord été un puissant outil politique visant à délégitimer Israël, mais il est devenu maintenant un instrument des Juifs de Gauche pour légitimer l’existence de l’Etat juif. Le succès considérable qu’a connu récemment le BDS en organisant un boycott des produits des colonies juives a prouvé ce point. En ciblant les colonies, le BDS légitime implicitement l’Etat juif d’avant juin 1967, conformément à la vision sioniste de la gauche israélienne, est que le problème israélo-arabe provient de l’occupation. Le message de la gauche israélienne est aussi simple qu’il est erroné : une fois l’occupation terminée, la paix prévaudra. Mais est-ce vraiment le cas ? Comme indiqué un peu plus loin, les récents événements en Israël/Palestine prouvent le contraire. Les violents affrontements entre l’armée israélienne et les citoyens arabes israéliens cette semaine ont eu lieu dans les territoires d’avant les frontières de 1967.

    Il semble que le succès des juifs antisionistes en faisant fléchir le BDS a servi à aiguiser l’appétit des Juifs partisans d’un Israël englobant tous les territoires palestiniens. Ce n’est qu’une question de temps pour qu’ils demandent d’autres concessions aux Palestiniens.

    Dans son article paru dans « The Nation », Chomsky a poursuivi un tel appel. Il a critiqué le troisième but du BDS : « (3) Le respect, la protection et la promotion des droits des réfugiés palestiniens à revenir dans leurs maisons et propriétés comme stipulé dans la résolution 194 de l’ONU. »

    Certes, le troisième but du BDS est particulièrement faible. Il « respecte », « protège » et « encourage » le droit des réfugiés palestiniens à retourner dans leurs foyers. Si j’étais un réfugié palestinien vivant dans un camp depuis plus de six décennies, je m’attendrais à ce que le mouvement BDS demande mon droit absolu d’un point de vue éthique à « mon droit de retour » dans ma terre au lieu des faibles « respect » et « encourager ».

    Toutefois, Chomsky préconise le but opposé. Il dit aux Palestiniens : « oublier votre retour, il vous suffit de vous déplacer ». Dans son papier du Nation, Chomsky recommande que le BDS supprime le troisième but.

    Il écrit : « L’insistance sur l’objectif (3) est une garantie virtuelle d’un échec...cela pourrait conduire à une solution sans Etat - la solution optimale, à mon avis, et dans le monde réel n’est pas plus plausible que la solution de l’Etat unique [binational], qui est souvent, mais à tort, débattu comme une alternative au consensus international ».

    Afin de clarifier le propos délibérément obscur de Chomsky, ce dernier conseille aux Palestiniens de vider l’essence même de leur cause. Et pourquoi ? En raison d’un prétendu « consensus international ».

    Cette obsession de « légalisme », de « droit international » et du « consensus » tout en ignorant l’éthique, la morale et la justice est typique de la pensée matérialiste des écoles de pensée de la gauche et des courants progressistes. C’est encore une fois, être le commissaire qui préconise l’"action politique correcte" au lieu d’adopter un discours humaniste réellement guidé par un authentique sens de la justice et de vérité.

    Nous devrions rappeler à Chomsky, le maître du détail, qu’Israël détient le record du monde de violations du droit international, des droits de l’homme et du mépris des résolutions de l’ONU. Israël a plutôt choisi d’investir son énergie en achetant de l’influence politique en Occident à travers ses puissants lobbys. Et sans surprise, c’est le même Chomsky qui recommande maintenant que les Palestiniens abandonnent leurs aspirations pour leur droit de retour, c’était le même Chomsky encore qui fut le premier à critiquer les travaux de Mearsheimer et Walt sur l’immense influence du lobby israélien [Il s’agit de l’ouvrage « The Israel lobby and US Foreign Policy » dont les deux auteurs avaient eu beaucoup de mal à le publier en 2006-2007].

    Le message aux activistes pro-palestiniens en Occident qui ont travaillé pendant des années pour établir un dialogue avec la Gauche juive est tout simplement accablant : « vous avez couché avec les mauvaises personnes ». Avoir fait confiance à la gauche juive a tué votre résistance et semble avoir liquidé ce qui reste de votre cause. Chomsky, d’autre part, n’est peut-être pas l’esprit sophistiqué que certaines personnes croient qu’il est, mais il est tout aussi dédié à sa propre cause : Chomsky est sioniste par aveu. Il opère et s’active uniquement dans des cellules politiques juives. Chomsky est cohérent [ vu sous cet angle].

    Cependant, les Palestiniens qui pendant des années se sont assurés son soutien ont été amenés à trahir leur propre cause et les intérêts de leur peuple.

    Les récents événements en Israël et en Palestine prouvent sans aucun doute que le paradigme de la gauche sioniste a été complètement trompeur. Les affrontements de cette semaine [semaine du 5 au 12 juillet 2014] ont eu lieu... en Galilée et dans le Néguev...et la violence ici a peu de rapport avec l’Occupation.

    Le romancier palestinien primé Sayed Kashua, qui est probablement le meilleur écrivain en hébreu, et qui est depuis de nombreuses années le symbole de la coexistence arabo-israélienne a exprimé ce point mieux que quiconque.Kashua a conclu la semaine dernière que la « coexistence » est un mensonge : « C’est vraiment la fin, c’est fini ». Pour Kashua, un israélo-palestinien, la Nakba II c’est maintenant, il veut quitter Jérusalem et ne plus jamais revenir. Il a été nettoyé ethniquement par l’Etat juif.

    Le verdict est clair. L’occupation n’est pas le problème, il est juste un symptôme du problème. L’Etat juif est un problème et c’est un problème grave. Le lobby juif est un problème encore plus grand et il est mondial. Et il semble que même la gauche juive à la Chomsky soit également un grave problème. A tout le moins, il a été un obstacle qui a empêché les Palestiniens de saisir le contexte réel de leur lutte.

    –-------------------------------------Fin-----

  • Chris #Hedges Interviews Noam #Chomsky (1/3)

    Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Chris Hedges speaks with Professor Noam Chomsky about working-class resistance during the Industrial Revolution, propaganda, and the historical role played by intellectuals in times of war - June 17, 14

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwRf5HHm2Mo

    – chez TRNN avec une trace écrite: http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12006

    [...]

    [I]n the early 19th century, the business world recognized, both in England and the United States, that sufficient freedom had been won so that they could no longer control people just by violence. They had to turn to new means of control. The obvious ones were control of opinions and attitudes. That’s the origins of the massive public relations industry, which is explicitly dedicated to controlling minds and attitudes.

    The first—it partly was government. The first government commission was the British Ministry of Information. This is long before Orwell—he didn’t have to invent it. So the Ministry of Information had as its goal to control the minds of the people of the world, but particularly the minds of American intellectuals, for a very good reason: they knew that if they can delude American intellectuals into supporting British policy, they could be very effective in imposing that on the population of the United States. The British, of course, were desperate to get the Americans into the war with a pacifist population. Woodrow Wilson won the 1916 election with the slogan “Peace without Victory”. And they had to drive a pacifist population into a population that bitterly hated all things German, wanted to tear the Germans apart. The Boston Symphony Orchestra couldn’t play Beethoven. You know. And they succeeded.

    Wilson set up a counterpart to the Ministry of Information called the Committee on Public Information. You know, again, you can guess what it was. And they’ve at least felt, probably correctly, that they had succeeded in carrying out this massive change of opinion on the part of the population and driving the pacifist population into, you know, warmongering fanatics.

    And the people on the commission learned a lesson. One of them was Edward Bernays, who went on to found—the main guru of the public relations industry. Another one was Walter Lippman, who was the leading progressive intellectual of the 20th century. And they both drew the same lessons, and said so.

    The lessons were that we have what Lippmann called a “new art” in democracy, “manufacturing consent”. That’s where Ed Herman and I took the phrase from. For Bernays it was “engineering of consent”. The conception was that the intelligent minority, who of course is us, have to make sure that we can run the affairs of public affairs, affairs of state, the economy, and so on. We’re the only ones capable of doing it, of course. And we have to be—I’m quoting—"free of the trampling and the roar of the bewildered herd", the “ignorant and meddlesome outsiders”—the general public. They have a role. Their role is to be “spectators”, not participants. And every couple of years they’re permitted to choose among one of the “responsible men”, us.

    And the John Dewey circle took the same view. Dewey changed his mind a couple of years later, to his credit, but at that time, Dewey and his circle were writing that—speaking of the First World War, that this was the first war in history that was not organized and manipulated by the military and the political figures and so on, but rather it was carefully planned by rational calculation of “the intelligent men of the community”, namely us, and we thought it through carefully and decided that this is the reasonable thing to do, for all kind of benevolent reasons.

    And they were very proud of themselves.

    There were people who disagreed. Like, Randolph Bourne disagreed. He was kicked out. He couldn’t write in the Deweyite journals. He wasn’t killed, you know, but he was just excluded.

    And if you take a look around the world, it was pretty much the same. The intellectuals on all sides were passionately dedicated to the national cause—all sides, Germans, British, everywhere.

    There were a few, a fringe of dissenters, like Bertrand Russell, who was in jail; Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, in jail; Randolph Bourne, marginalized; Eugene Debs, in jail for daring to question the magnificence of the war. In fact, Wilson hated him with such passion that when he finally declared an amnesty, Debs was left out, you know, had to wait for Warren Harding to release him. And he was the leading labor figure in the country. He was a candidate for president, Socialist Party, and so on.

    But the lesson that came out is we believe you can and of course ought to control the public, and if we can’t do it by force, we’ll do it by manufacturing consent, by engineering of consent. Out of that comes the huge public relations industry, massive industry dedicated to this.

    Incidentally, it’s also dedicated to undermining markets, a fact that’s rarely noticed but is quite obvious. Business hates markets. They don’t want to—and you can see it very clearly. Markets, if you take an economics course, are based on rational, informed consumers making rational choices. Turn on the television set and look at the first ad you see. It’s trying to create uninformed consumers making irrational choices. That’s the whole point of the huge advertising industry. But also to try to control and manipulate thought. And it takes various forms in different institutions. The media do it one way, the academic institutions do it another way, and the educational system is a crucial part of it.

    This is not a new observation. There’s actually an interesting essay by—Orwell’s, which is not very well known because it wasn’t published. It’s the introduction to Animal Farm. In the introduction, he addresses himself to the people of England and he says, you shouldn’t feel too self-righteous reading this satire of the totalitarian enemy, because in free England, ideas can be suppressed without the use of force. And he doesn’t say much about it. He actually has two sentences. He says one reason is the press “is owned by wealthy men” who have every reason not to want certain ideas to be expressed.

    But the second reason, and the more important one in my view, is a good education, so that if you’ve gone to all the good schools, you know, Oxford, Cambridge, and so on, you have instilled into you the understanding that there are certain things it wouldn’t do to say—and I don’t think he went far enough: wouldn’t do to think. And that’s very broad among the educated classes. That’s why overwhelmingly they tend to support state power and state violence, and maybe with some qualifications, like, say, Obama is regarded as a critic of the invasion of Iraq. Why? Because he thought it was a strategic blunder. That puts him on the same moral level as some Nazi general who thought that the second front was a strategic blunder—you should knock off England first. That’s called criticism.

    [...]

    #industrialisation
    #media #histoire #Geschichte #institution
    #USA #England #Angleterre
    #Grande-Bretagne #Great_Britain #Großbritannien
    #Allemagne #Germany #Deutschland

    #contrôle #Kontrolle
    #résistance #Widerstand
    #working_class #ouvriers #Arbeiterklasse
    #éducation #Bildung
    #intellectuels

    • Chris Hedges Interviews Noam Chomsky (2/3)

      http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12016

      [...]

      Like a lot of people, I’ve written a lot about media and intellectual propaganda, but there’s another question which isn’t studied much: how effective is it? And that’s—when you brought up the polls, it’s a striking illustration. The propaganda is—you can see from the poll results that the propaganda has only limited effectiveness. I mean, it can drive a population into terror and fear and war hysteria, like before the Iraq invasion or 1917 and so on, but over time, public attitudes remain quite different. In fact, studies even of what’s called the right-wing, you know, people who say, get the government off my back, that kind of sector, they turn out to be kind of social democratic. They want more spending on health, more spending on education, more spending on, say, women with dependent children, but not welfare, no spending on welfare, because Reagan, who was an extreme racist, succeeded in demonizing the notion of welfare. So in people’s minds welfare means a rich black woman driving in her limousine to the welfare office to steal your money. Well, nobody wants that. But they want what welfare does.

      Foreign aid is an interesting case. There’s an enormous propaganda against foreign aid, ’cause we’re giving everything to the undeserving people out there. You take a look at public attitudes. A lot of opposition to foreign aid. Very high. On the other hand, when you ask people, how much do we give in foreign aid? Way beyond what we give. When you ask what we should give in foreign aid, far above what we give.

      And this runs across the board. Take, say taxes. There’ve been studies of attitudes towards taxes for 40 years. Overwhelmingly the population says taxes are much too low for the rich and the corporate sector. You’ve got to raise it. What happens? Well, the opposite.

      [...]

      #propagande
      #effectiveness #efficacité #Effizienz

    • Chris Hedges Interviews Noam Chomsky (3/3)

      http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12018

      #ows #occupy
      #cooperatives

      [...]

      Well, I think it’s a little misleading to call it a movement. Occupy was a tactic, in fact a brilliant tactic. I mean, if I’d been asked a couple of months earlier whether they should take over public places, I would have said it’s crazy. But it worked extremely well, and it lit a spark which went all over the place. Hundreds and hundreds of places in the country, there were Occupy events. It was all over the world. I mean, I gave talks in Sydney, Australia, to the Occupy movement there. But it was a tactic, a very effective tactic. Changed public discourse, not policy. It brought issues to the forefront.I think my own feeling is its most important contribution was just to break through the atomization of the society. I mean, it’s a very atomized society. There’s all sorts of efforts to separate people from one another, as if the ideal social unit is, you know, you and your TV set.

      HEDGES: You know, Hannah Arendt raises atomization as one of the key components of totalitarianism.

      CHOMSKY: Exactly. And the Occupy actions broke that down for a large part of the population. People could recognize that we can get together and do things for ourselves, we can have a common kitchen, we can have a place for public discourse, we can form our ideas and do something. Now, that’s an important attack on the core of the means by which the public is controlled. So you’re not just an individual trying to maximize your consumption, but there are other concerns in life, and you can do something about them. If those attitudes and associations and bonds can be sustained and move in other directions, that’ll be important.

      But going back to Occupy, it’s a tactic. Tactics have a kind of a half-life. You can’t keep doing them, and certainly you can’t keep occupying public places for very long. And was very successful, but it was not in itself a movement. The question is: what happens to the people who were involved in it? Do they go on and develop, do they move into communities, pick up community issues? Do they organize?

      Take, say, this business of, say, worker-owned industry. Right here in Massachusetts, not far from here, there was something similar. One of the multinationals decided to close down a fairly profitable small plant, which was producing aerospace equipment. High-skilled workers and so on, but it wasn’t profitable enough, so they were going to close it down. The union wanted to buy it. Company refused—usual class reasons, I think. If the Occupy efforts had been available at the time, they could have provided the public support for it.

      [...]

      Well, you know, a reconstituted auto industry could have turned in that direction under worker and community control. I don’t think these things are out of sight. And, incidentally, they even have so-called conservative support, because they’re within a broader what’s called capitalist framework (it’s not really capitalist). And those are directions that should be pressed.

      Right now, for example, the Steelworkers union is trying to establish some kind of relations with Mondragon, the huge worker-owned conglomerate in the Basque country in Spain, which is very successful, in fact, and includes industry, manufacturing, banks, hospitals, living quarters. It’s very broad. It’s not impossible that that can be brought here, and it’s potentially radical. It’s creating the basis for quite a different society.

      [...]

      #militarisation
      #Militarisierung #Aufrüstung

      #war_crime #Iraq
      #crime_de_guerre
      #Kriegsverbrechen
      #Nürnberg

      [...]

      Go back to the #Nuremberg judgments. I’m not telling you anything you don’t know, but in Nuremberg aggression was defined as “the supreme international crime,” differing from other war crimes in that it includes, it encompasses all of the evil that follows. Well, the U.S.-British invasion of Iraq is a textbook case of aggression. By the standards of Nuremberg, they’d all be hanged. And one of the things it did, one of the crimes was to ignite a Sunni-Shiite conflict which hadn’t been going on. I mean, there was, you know, various kinds of tensions, but Iraqis didn’t believe there could ever be a conflict. They were intermarried, they lived in the same places, and so on. But the invasion set it off. Took off on its own. By now it’s inflaming the whole region. Now we’re at the point where Sunni jihadi forces are actually marching on Baghdad.

      HEDGES: And the Iraqi army is collapsing.

      CHOMSKY: The Iraqi army’s just giving away their arms. There obviously is a lot of collaboration going on.And all of this is a U.S. crime if we believe in the validity of the judgments against the Nazis.

      And it’s kind of interesting. Robert Jackson, the chief prosecutor, a U.S. justice, at the tribunal, addressed the tribunal, and he pointed out, as he put it, that we’re giving these defendants a “poisoned chalice”, and if we ever sip from it, we have to be treated the same way, or else the whole thing is a farce and we should recognize this as just victor’s justice.

      [...]

  • Peut-on faire faire léviter le Pentagone ?
    http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20110309.htm

    Jeff Jetton: Kind of like levitating the Pentagon?

    Noam Chomsky: I was there when the hippies were levitating the Pentagon. I was there, but you know, these things are tactics, they’re not principles. So you have to ask, is the tactic an effective one?

    Jeff Jetton: Was that an effective one?

    Noam Chomsky: Probably not, it never took off.

    Jeff Jetton: The Pentagon never took off?

    Noam Chomsky: [laughs]

  • #Noam_Chomsky :
    http://www.praguepost.com/czech-news/39448-chomsky-east-european-dissidents-did-not-suffer-much

    #Dissidents in the East European communist countries were supported by the Western powers and they did not suffer extraordinarily in comparison with opponents of Latin American regimes, U.S. linguist and left-wing activist Noam Chomsky told a press conference.

    (...)

    To illustrate his point, Chomsky referred to an address #Havel delivered in the U.S. Congress in 1990, two months after he was elected Czechoslovak president.

    Chomsky said the dissident Havel addressed the Congress shortly after the government army killed six prominent intellectuals at a university in #Salvador. The administration of U.S. President #Ronald_Reagan supported the Salvadoran army and far-right government, while the Soviet Union supported the rebels, he said.

    In this situation, Havel praised the United States as the defender of freedom and the Congress strongly applauded him, Chomsy said.

    #Etats-Unis

  • Just Whose National Security?
    http://inthesetimes.com/article/16810/noam_chomsky_glenn_greenwald_NSA

    It is of no slight import that the [NSA’s #surveillance] project is being executed in one of the freest countries in the world, and in radical violation of the U.S. Constitution’s Bill of Rights, which protects citizens from “unreasonable searches and seizures,” and guarantees the privacy of their “persons, houses, papers and effects.”

    #Noam_Chomsky #Etats-Unis #décalage_abyssal #théorie #pratique #NSA

  • Noam Chomsky | Edward Snowden, the World’s “Most Wanted Criminal”
    http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/24071-noam-chomsky-edward-snowden-the-worlds-most-wanted-criminal

    The doctrine at once suggests a few questions: security for whom, and defense against which enemies? The answers are highlighted dramatically by the Snowden revelations.

    Policy must assure the security of state authority and concentrations of domestic power, defending them from a frightening enemy: the domestic population, which can become a great danger if not controlled.

    It has long been understood that information about the enemy makes a critical contribution to controlling it. In that regard, Obama has a series of distinguished predecessors, though his contributions have reached unprecedented levels, as we have learned from the work of Snowden, Greenwald and a few others.

    To defend state power and private economic power from the domestic enemy, those two entities must be concealed - while in sharp contrast, the enemy must be fully exposed to state authority.

  • 1h28 avec Noam Chomsky | Rumeur d’espace
    http://rumeurdespace.wordpress.com/2014/05/20/1h28-avec-noam-chomsky

    La partie principale, sur laquelle les divers critiques me semblent passer bien vite, ce sont les mots de Chomsky, l’exposé, pour une fois, de sa philosophie, ou plus exactement de sa contribution à la philosophie de l’esprit. On a souvent tendance à oublier que le linguiste est aussi philosophe et qu’il peut dialoguer d’égal à égal avec Quine, Searle ou Dennett. Dommage que ses propos dans ce film n’aient pas été plus repris et commentés… J’ai même parfois cru comprendre que certains trouvaient ça « banal », ou qu’ils restaient sur leur faim, alors que ce qu’il dit bouscule nombre d’idées reçues.

  • Pour la Science - Pourquoi les mouches tournent à gauche ?
    http://www.pourlascience.fr/ewb_pages/a/actu-pourquoi-les-mouches-tournent-a-gauche-32909.php

    Quand un journaliste du New York Times lui avait demandé s’il avait déjà suivi une psychanalyse, le célèbre linguiste Noam Chomsky avait eu cette réponse : « Si nous ne pouvons pas expliquer pourquoi un cafard décide de tourner à gauche, comment pourrions-nous expliquer pourquoi un être humain décide de faire quelque chose ? »

    C’était en 2003. Une décennie plus tard, il semble qu’on s’achemine vers une meilleure compréhension du comportement… des insectes. Chez la drosophile – ou mouche du vinaigre –, des chercheurs de l’Institut de pathologie moléculaire (IMP) de Vienne ont montré que l’activation d’un neurone unique suffisait pour que l’animal se mette subitement à reculer. Facétieux, ils l’ont baptisé neurone descendant du moonwalk, d’après le célèbre pas de danse inventé par Mickael Jackson......

    #science
    #drosophile
    #neurones
    #comportements
    Des #mouches qui font le #moonwalk

  • Transcript of 2012 Noam Chomsky interview with Jegan Vincent de Paul, on Silicon Valley, the Internet, Google, #Wikileaks
    http://chomsky.info/interviews/20120815.htm

    JVDP: Do you think the hostility to Wikileaks comes from specific materials being revealed or a more general fear of new forms of communication that cannot be controlled by law or force? 

    NC: Its just hatred of democracy. Long before the technology revolution there was declassification of documents and I’ve spent quite a lot of time studying declassified internal documents and written a lot about them. In fact, anybody who’s worked through the declassified record can see very clearly that the reason for classification is very rarely to protect the state or the society from enemies. Most of the time it is to protect the state from its citizens, so they don’t know what the government is doing. So kind of an internal defense. Which raises a question: should we even have the classification system? Why shouldn’t these things be open? There are things you want to keep secret, like the characteristics of your latest fighter plane or something like that.

    But most of what is done I think is to kept secret so the public won’t know. The same is true of what Wikileaks exposed. What Wikileaks exposed is kind of superficial in a way. Say the Pentagon Papers, — that material went much deeper. It went into internal government planning back for twenty—five years. Those are things that the public should have known about. In a democracy they should have known what leaders thinking and planning about major enterprises like the Vietnam war. It was kept secret from them.

    Wikileaks is providing information on what ambassadors are sending to Washington and things like that. Maybe some of that has a right to some kind of secrecy, but there is a heavy burden and I think its pretty hard to meet. I haven’t read everything from Wikileaks by any means but the parts that I have read and seen I think are things the public should know.

  • Noam Chomsky: Ecology, Ethics, Anarchism | Alternet
    http://www.alternet.org/economy/noam-chomsky-ecology-ethics-anarchism?paging=off&current_page=1

    ... the settler-colonial societies are a striking illustration of, first of all, the massive destructive power of European imperialism, which of course includes us and Australia, and so on. And also the — I don’t know if you’d call it irony, but the strange phenomenon of the most so-called “advanced,” educated, richest segments of global society trying to destroy all of us, and the so-called “backward” people, the pre-technological people, who remain on the periphery, trying to restrain the race to disaster. If some extraterrestrial observer were watching this, they’d think the species was insane. And, in fact, it is. But the insanity goes back to the basic institutional structure of RECD ["really existing capitalist democracies- not accidentally, pronounced “wrecked”]. That’s the way it works. It’s built into the institutions. It’s one of the reasons it’s going to be very hard to change.

  • Foucault—The Lost Interview
    Je ne dis pas les choses parce que je les pense, je dis les choses pour ne plus les penser

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzoOhhh4aJg

    Publiée le 20 mars 2014
    This until now rarely seen 15-minute footage is of an interview that was conducted by the Dutch philosopher Fons Elders in preparation for the debate between Noam Chomsky and Michel Foucault, which was broadcasted on Dutch television on Sunday, Nov. 28, 1971. The whole interview was essentially lost for decades and was published in the winter of 2012 for the first time. It is now available as an e-book under the title of “Freedom and Knowledge.” An excerpt is available for free online on Elder’s own website where people can also purchase the actual book (only available there): http://fonselders.eu/eu/FS_EBKviewer.php?Pid=6&Bid=166
    The interview in its book form as “Freedom and Knowledge” includes a few more topics and has both an excellent introduction by author of “Mad for Foucault,” Lynne Huffer, as well as an answer to her, a preface, and a retrospective appendix, each by Fons Elders.

    At the time of the interview Foucault held a chair self-titled “History of Systems of Thought” at the prestigious Collège de France. The exchange between Elders and Foucault, however, took place in Foucault’s apartment in Paris on Rue de Vaugirard on Monday, Sept. 13, 1971. The video was subsequently kept in the archives of a Dutch TV building which unfortunately burned. As a result, the fifteen minutes shown here is all that is left of the full interview footage. As you can see, this “Foucault Profile” which was to be shown on Dutch television right before the debate had been pieced together in such a way that Elder’s questions are not part of the video and only Foucault can be seen answering Elders’ questions. By contrast, “Freedom and Knowledge” includes Elder’s questions as part of what Elders tells me was an interview that was over one hour long. Thankfully, before burning, the whole interview had been professionally hand transcribed from the original French, and the rights had kindly been given over to Elders by Foucault himself immediately at the time of the interview. After being lost from public view for decades—some thirty-one years after the original interview—I would find this very footage, quite by chance, while doing my undergraduate research for one of two senior theses at Hampshire College. Doing so would eventually lead me to help rescue from oblivion the whole interview years later, allowing me now to have the right to share this video with all of you out there.