• Le meurtre d’Özgecan Aslan plonge la Turquie dans un deuil protestataire | Observatoire de la vie politique turque
    http://ovipot.hypotheses.org/10902

    Un homme en jupe noire appelant sur une place d’Istanbul à en finir avec le harcèlement sexuel, des femmes portant un cercueil dans un cimetière musulman, tout un pays observant spontanément le deuil, le 16 février. Ces dernières années, la société civile turque nous a habitué à la prise d’initiatives fortes et symboliques. Le meurtre particulièrement horrible d’Özgecan Aslan, une étudiante en psychologie de l’Université Çağ de Mersin, a sorti la Turquie de la fausse torpeur dans laquelle elle paraissait s’être enfoncée depuis l’élection à la présidence de la République de Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Alors que les partis politiques commencent à se ranger en ordre de bataille pour gagner ou perdre une élection législative de plus, en juin prochain, ce mouvement inattendu montre que, décidément dans ce pays, le débat politique n’est pas toujours rythmé par l’ordre électoral immuable qu’on entend lui imposer.

    #Turquie #Violences #Genre

  • En Irlande, l’Alliance anti-austérité rêve de marcher dans les pas de Syriza et Podemos
    http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2015/02/10/en-irlande-l-alliance-anti-austerite-reve-de-marcher-dans-les-pas-de-syriza-

    Austérité et la gestion de l’eau en Irlande :

    Alors que les premières factures doivent tomber en avril et coûteront plusieurs centaines d’euros par an aux ménages, les campagnes appelant au non-paiement sous le mot d’ordre « No way, we won’t pay » (« pas question, on ne paiera pas »), essaiment à travers le pays. Du jamais vu depuis l’indépendance en 1922. Pas même au plus fort de la crise financière. Car l’eau cristallise tout le reste. Coupes dans les dépenses publiques, baisse des salaires, augmentation des impôts : la rigueur budgétaire – dont le pays est officiellement sorti en octobre – a demandé trop d’efforts aux Irlandais. Le taux de chômage a certes baissé, mais avoisine toujours les 10,7 %. Et, alors que le gouvernement les serine avec la reprise économique, une grande partie des 4,5 millions d’habitants n’en ressent toujours pas les effets. « Les 99 % de gens ordinaires voient qu’on fabrique une reprise pour les 1 % de riches aux dépends du reste de la population qu’on continue à saigner », tance Paul Murphy. Le député a encore sa carte au Parti socialiste (trotskiste), qu’il a intégré à l’âge de 18 ans.

    Désobéissance civile :

    Sept mois que Derek Mac An Ucaire, Brendon Condron et Gerard Kelly, ont réglé leur réveil à 5h du matin pour mener bataille contre les ouvriers de la compagnie Irish Water chargés d’installer les compteurs d’eau à chaque habitation.

    Dans le quartier ouvrier de Crumlin, dans le sud de la capitale, la résistance fait moins de bruit, tapie dans la nuit glaciale. Elle n’en est pas moins efficace. Voilà sept mois que Derek Mac An Ucaire, Brendon Condron et Gerard Kelly ont réglé leur réveil à 5 heures du matin pour mener bataille contre les ouvriers de la compagnie Irish Water chargés d’installer les compteurs d’eau à chaque habitation. « Quand ils arrivent, on se positionne derrière les barrières de sécurité pour les empêcher d’accéder aux canalisations. C’est de la désobéissance civile », explique Derek, gaillard d’une quarantaine d’années, qui surveille les rues alentour en tentant de se réchauffer les mains. Une désobéissance d’autant plus légitime, considère-t-il, que les Irlandais « paient déjà l’eau dans leurs impôts ».

    Les trois hommes aussi ont déjà été arrêtés. « C’est le prix à payer, lâche Brendon en haussant les épaules, tant qu’on est relâchés ». Et cette guerre de tranchée semble payante. « Dans cette rue, ils n’ont pu installer que deux compteurs en une semaine », se félicite Derek, qui a sacrifié plusieurs journées de travail dans ce combat. Gerard et Brendon, eux, sont au chômage. Gerard poste une photo de la rue où ils se trouvent sur le groupe Facebook du quartier. Un moyen efficace de tenir les habitants au courant de leurs actions. Chaque groupe d’opposants, réparti par quartier, procède ainsi. Ils font aussi du porte-à-porte pour convaincre les riverains de ne pas payer les factures à venir. Les maisonnées de briques rouges sommeillent encore et le siège sera long, jusqu’à 16 heures et la relève du prochain groupe. Mais, déjà, un homme qui réside à quelques pâtés de maison leur donne l’alerte : les travaux commencent dans sa rue. Les trois activistes décampent.

  • Power grid firms accused of making unfair profit
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_power-grid-firms-accused-of-making-unfair-profit_371543.html

    Turkish power distribution companies are making an unfair profit, as they have not reimbursed millions of customers for surcharges on their bills for illegal power usage, a local union said on Monday.

    As the debate over illegal electricity use continues, consumers are in limbo and facing controversial rulings from different courts. Turkish Electrical Engineers Union (EMO) said in a written statement on Monday that power grid companies gained millions of lira in profit as they cheated customers by hiding charges for illegal power use under a separate clause of the bills. There are 29.33 million single electricity subscribers in Turkey and the EMO says power grid firms may be making more than TL 57 million from illegal power per mont

    #électricité #privatisation

  • Mayors, power grid firm at odds in southeastern Turkey - LOCAL
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/mayors-power-grid-firm-at-odds-in-southeastern-turkey-.aspx?pageI

    A row over electricity in southeastern Turkey is continuing to grow, with grid firm DEDAŞ cutting power to water utilities, prompting municipalities to close DEDAŞ facilities in return.

    DEDAŞ stated that the Diyarbakır Metropolitan Municipality was 90 million Turkish Liras in debt, leading it to cut power to water refining plants.

    The municipality immediately dug ditches around the DEDAŞ headquarters to prevent entrance on the grounds that it was conducting sewage work.

    The move by the grid firm has triggered risks of an epidemic for 1.6 million people, said co-Mayor Fırat Anlı, adding that an outbreak could create damage that the company cannot face.

    Diyarbakır “is under oppression” by DEDAŞ, the co-mayor told Hürriyet

    #Privatisation #Electricité

  • Fiction télé française : faut pas rêver, les pauvres ça fait pas rêver ! - Télévision - Télérama.fr
    http://television.telerama.fr/television/fiction-tele-francaise-faut-pas-rever-les-pauvres-ca-fait-pas-re

    Les historiens du cinéma Noël Burch et Geneviève Sellier l’ont baptisée la Télénie, un « pays heureux », qu’ils ont visité au fil d’une étude au long cours . « En Télénie, la pauvreté a pratiquement disparu : ce pays est peuplé d’une vaste couche moyenne, des logements décents y sont à la portée de tous, les "problèmes d’argent" au quotidien sont rarissimes et s’il y a quelques chômeurs, ceux-ci sont si qualifiés qu’ils ne tardent pas à retrouver un emploi. Nous n’avons vu qu’un ou deux SDF ou autres signes publics de la misère si courants chez nous.

    Dans les fictions hexagonales, le « pauvre » n’est pas mieux accepté que le « non-Blanc » (terme pudiquement utilisé par les sociologues) ou le handicapé. Les statistiques publiées chaque année par le CSA dans le « Baromètre de la diversité » le confirment. En 2013, sur l’ensemble des personnages indexés (en une semaine « témoin »), 55 % appartiennent à la catégorie CSP+, alors qu’ils représentent seulement 21 % de la popu­lation française. Parmi eux, les cadres (et professions intellectuelles supérieures) se sont étrangement démultipliés (40 % des personnages contre 7 % des Français). En revanche, seulement 1 % des personnages sont des ouvriers, contre 9 % dans la « vraie vie ». »

    #Fiction #Pauvreté

  • The political gain of the construction boom | Mustafa Sönmez
    http://mustafasonmez.net/?p=4768

    It could be said that, in the climb of the ruling Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) regime beginning in 2003, in the rise of its voting base from 30 percent to 50 percent, that it was the rapid growth of Turkey’s capitalism experienced in the 2000s which has been the most effective contributor; moreover, it has played the most significant role.

    The political Islam that did not reach a 20 percent share of the total votes in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s was in power after the Nov. 3, 2002, elections with 34 percent of the votes. It increased its votes in subsequent elections and became the first party; in its building of an Islamic regime, economic growth and its economic platform have played the most important role.

    This growth was made possible by foreign capital inflow that reached $40 billion annually. This foreign resource was mostly used in the domestic market. In this domestic market-oriented growth, it was construction, especially mass housing, that led the sector.

    As of 2014, the AKP regime clung on to this line, insisting on it because they prioritized their political targets more than anything else. It was a preference at the cost of leaving a huge foreign debt of $400 billion (half of the national income) and a series of fragilities and structural malfunctions.
    The political gain of focusing on construction is maybe more than its economic gain.

    #immobilier #Economie #Turquie

  • Pro-Erdoğan businessman asks to exit major energy project
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_pro-erdogan-businessman-asks-to-exit-major-energy-project_3690

    One of the partners of an electricity distribution company which serves 1.5 million subscribers in the Southeast on Tuesday asked the government to allow his firm to leave the partnership, lamenting large-scale illegal use of electricity in the region.

    Abdullah Tivnikli, a businessman known for his close ties to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said on Tuesday that he wants to exit his partnership with Dicle Electricity Distribution (DEDAŞ) in order to avoid further losses due to widespread illegal use of electricity in the area the company operates in. “I have to leave this partnership or we will be forced to have blackouts in the region to compensate for our losses,” Tivnikli was quoted as saying by Fox TV Turkey.

    The İşkaya-Doğu Consortium, in which Tivnikli is a partner, won a tender for electricity distribution in the southeastern region with an offer of $387 million in 2013. DEDAŞ supplies electricity to the southeastern provinces of Batman, Diyarbakır, Mardin, Siirt, Şanlıurfa and Şırnak, where 75 percent of the population uses electricity illegally according to local sources. Tivnikli said his financial losses due to illegal usage amounted to TL 400 million a year. Around 350,000 subscribers in the region DEDAŞ covers fail to pay their electricity bills while 91,000 others pay less than TL 5 a month, Tivnikli told Fox TV.

    The methods used by Tivnikli to compensate for losses sustained by the partnership have been a matter of discussion recently.

    A suspect in a corruption probe that was made public in December 2013, Tivnikli was allegedly heard asking then-deputy undersecretary in the Prime Ministry İbrahim Kalın for reimbursement from the government for subscribers’ unpaid electricity bills, in a voice recording leaked on YouTube in April 2014. According to another voice recording leaked on Twitter, also in April of last year, Kalın told Tivnikli that the prime minister was in favor of the idea of the state paying the company for illegally consumed electricity, given that the rate of unpaid electricity bills in the Southeast was as high as 60-70 percent.

    Tivnikli earlier last year admitted to having spoken to Kalın to get his help regarding the unpaid electricity bills. He also admitted to having paid school fees for Kalın’s daughter. Kalın is currently employed as Erdoğan’s spokesman.

    #Electricité #Privatisation #Corruption #Kurdes

  • State-owned broadcaster makes TL 800 million from tax in electricity bills
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_state-owned-broadcaster-makes-tl-800-million-from-tax-in-elect

    Plus de 50% de la propagande télévisée AKP (via la 1ère chaine publique) est financée par les citoyens turcs eux mêmes grâce à une taxe indirecte sur leurs factures d’électricité...

    The amount that the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) made in 2013 from taxpayers’ electricity bills totaled TL 800 million, which is 54 percent of its total annual revenue, according to a report released by the Court of Accounts on Dec. 31, 2014.

    Totaling TL 1.48 billion in 2013, TRT’s revenue for the year was composed of TL 800 million from a TRT tax on electricity bills TL 560 million in fees from the sale of every device containing a radio or television transmitter and TL 110 million in advertising revenue.

    Electricity subscribers are charged a tax which goes to TRT which amounts to as much as 2 percent of their electricity bills. In spite of the fact that the institution’s commercial revenues decreased in 2013, its earnings from the electricity tax surged 20.9 percent. While in 2012 the electricity bill tax generated TL 662 million according to the report, the corresponding figure was TL 800 million in 2013. The total expenditure of TRT, meanwhile, totaled TL 1.27 billion in 2013.

    Indirect taxation has long been an issue in Turkey, where two-thirds of governmental revenues are levied from citizens via indirect taxes. When it came to the power first in 2002, the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) government pledged to remove the TRT contribution from electricity bills in order to supply cheap and sustainable electricity to the public. However, since then taxpayers have continued to subsidize TRT.

    The state-run TRT has come under sharp criticism for also its favoritism in the coverage of then- Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, particularly since the official start of the presidential election campaign in July 2014. Although the Constitution requires TRT to offer fair coverage to political leaders, Erdoğan appeared on TRT Haber, a subsidiary of TRT, for a total of 559 minutes during the election period. While Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, the joint presidential candidate of the two leading opposition parties, the main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), was given a chance to appear on TRT Haber for 137 minutes, the public broadcaster devoted 18 minutes to the last candidate, the leader of the pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), Selahattin Demirtaş. Meanwhile, TRT Türk, another subsidiary of TRT, aired five hours and 26 minutes of Erdoğan in three days, with no other candidates being broadcasted at any time on the station during the election period. As a result of this unfair coverage during the election period, TRT was given the highest penalty in its history by the Supreme Election Board (YSK)

    #Electricité #Politique #taxation

  • Journalist Madra : Turkey’s future looks black as coal
    http://www.todayszaman.com/monday-talk_journalist-madra-turkeys-future-looks-black-as-coal_368800.

    While there is at least concern in the world about the climate change, Turkey is very consumed with domestic problems and the conflicts around the country. Is talking about climate change a luxury for Turkey and Turkish people?

    It’s not a luxury, but the problem is that the mainstream media, where the people get most of their news, is not very interested in climate change but rather prefers to give sensational entertainment news in Turkey, and as in many parts of the world, the media is not independent. This is the result of neo-liberalism — a small group of people use and consume valuable resources to increase their profits. And they know the importance of media. There is also a paradox when it comes to how Turkey’s political leaders address the climate change issue.

    ‘Turkey has world record in its increase of CO2 emissions’

    Would you elaborate on this paradox?

    Current President and then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had reminded us in an international conference about the words of the North American native tribal chiefs saying we were entrusted the Earth and climate only to pass them onto the next generations. In addition, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu went further than that in the closing conference of the G20 Brisbane Summit in Australia and said that climate change is an ontological finding: “If there is no ontological existence, there would be neither political nor economic existence. Climate change is the most difficult thing that humans are going through today.”

    It is quite positive that Turkey’s top political leaders voice such universal and holistic approaches to the issue of global climate change. But there is a paradox as there is not only no harmony between rhetoric and practice, but there is a total contrast. I can give several examples, but I’ll mention only a few. According to the reports of international climate institutions such as German Watch and Climate Action Network (CAN), Turkey is almost the first country among others that has increased its carbon dioxide emissions very fast. Since the 1990 recordings, Turkey had a world record in its 133 percent increase of carbon dioxide emissions until 2012. This has a negative effect in regards to anthropogenic climate disruption and has no relation to the leaders’ vision I mentioned above.

    Another paradox is related to the development of coal-based energy, which is the dirtiest fossil fuel in the world, and almost all climate researchers agree that it should be kept underground in order to save the world from climate change. On the contrary, Turkey’s political decision-makers made coal production the number one goal in order to satisfy their growth and development visions — to the degree that they announced the year 2012, the year of coal! In the near future, approximately 80 coal-producing plants are planned to be completed. Some of them have been completed, some of them are in the project stage and some of them have been approved.

    Those coal plant projects have been pushed by the government despite warnings by experts, right?

    According to a report by the Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats (TEMA), if the Konya-Karapınar coal plant is completed, Turkey’s cereal depot in terms of production of grains, Konya, will perish. In a conference that I recently participated in Adana, I learned from Seyhan Environmental Platform that inside the province of Adana, there are 10 coal production plants planned — one has begun to operate — and in the district of Yumurtalık in the province, there are six coal production plants have been planned. All of that means capital punishment for Adana. Turkey’s future looks black as coal.

    #Changement_climatique #Turquie #Charbon #CO2

  • Turkish housing prices second fastest rising in world
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_turkish-housing-prices-second-fastest-rising-in-world_368504.h

    Housing prices in Turkey on average increased by 14 percent in 2014, the second highest behind Ireland, where prices increased by 15 percent. Dubai, the UK and Estonia rounded out the top five spots on the index. Turkey was sixth on the index last year, behind Dubai, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indonesia.

    Prices have continued to rise in the Turkish housing market amid a sluggish year for sales. A major problem is that the majority of houses being built are too expensive for most Turkish customers to afford, according to a recent report from the Housing Developers and Investors Association (KONUTDER).

    The report says there is demand in İstanbul for 72,000 homes built at a cost of TL 1,263 per square meter, but supply in that price range is lacking.

    On the upper end, there is a demand for only 8,000 homes costing more than TL 3,000 per square meter, but over 63,000 homes in that price range are being built, indicating a huge imbalance.

    Official data show that between 2002 and 2011, 520,000 homes were built in Turkey.

    #immobilier #turquie #spéculation

  • Turkey among the worst performers in dealing with greenhouse gas emissions
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-among-the-worst-performers-in-dealing-with-greenhouse-gas-

    Turkey ranks among the worst performers in dealing with rising CO2 emissions, according to a joined study submitted by Germanwatch and the Climate Action Network during the U.N. climate summit in Lima.

    The report listed the 58 highest emitters worldwide, which together produce nearly 90 percent of all greenhouse gases, and ranks them according to the steps they are taking to tackle climate change. Turkey featured near the bottom of the list in 51st place.

    The report suggested that Turkey performed particularly badly in terms of energy efficiency and climate policy.

    “According to Turkey’s national climate experts, the country has no national strategic planning policy to explicitly address climate change,” the report stated.

    #Réchauffement_Climatique #Turquie #Sommet_Climat_Lima

  • Urban demolitions spread asbestos as precautions forsaken
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_urban-demolitions-spread-asbestos-as-precautions-forsaken_3676

    Exposition à l’amiante mais aussi surement pollution aux particules fines/poussières issues de toutes ces démolitions...

    As buildings are demolished all over İstanbul in the scope of various urban transformation projects, the proper measures are not being taken to prevent the spread of the cancerous material asbestos, according to a report in the Taraf daily on Sunday.

    #Pollution #Istanbul #transfo_urbaine

  • Le pétrole sera bientôt une énergie renouvelable
    http://www.slate.fr/story/96047/petrole-bientot-energie-renouvelable

    Bien sûr, les énergies fossiles étant créées par d’anciens organismes vivants, avec assez de temps, de chaleur et de pression, elles peuvent se reconstituer dans le sol. Mais il faut des dizaines ou des centaines de millions d’années. A moins qu’on puisse nettement accélérer le processus. C’est exactement ce que des chercheurs et des entreprises américaines sont en train de faire.

    #ENR #Pétrole #Technologie

  • Soma, Ermenek, Yirca: Can Anti-Coal Activists Defend Coal Miners and Olive Farmers?
    http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/20304/soma-ermenek-yirca_can-anti-coal-activists-defend-

    Reflecting on the notion of “system change, not climate change,” the intertwined stories of Soma, Ermenek, and Yırca raise some key questions: What kind of a society do we want to live in? How will we produce, share, and use energy? What are we aiming to achieve with the use of energy? Are we still sticking firmly to the worn-out idea that more energy consumption equals more development, or can we rise to the challenge of imagining something new, bold, and different? Are we ready to challenge the notion of “development as economic growth” once and for all? And isn’t it time that we acknowledge that energy and climate justice in practice means “energy access for those who do not have it; justice for those who work within and are affected by the fossil fuel economy?” Isn’t it time to dismantle a fossil fuel economy that continuously produces social and environmental injustice?

  • Uneven growth. Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities. http://uneven-growth.moma.org

    In 2030, the world’s population will be a staggering eight billion people. Of these, two-thirds will live in cities. Most will be poor. With limited resources, this uneven growth will be one of the greatest challenges faced by societies across the globe. Over the next years, city authorities, urban planners, designers, economists, and many others will have to join forces to ensure these expanding urban enclaves remain habitable.

    Uneven Growth, the latest exhibition in MoMA’s Issues in Contemporary Architecture series (which also includes Foreclosed and Rising Currents), addresses this increasingly inequitable urban development.

    In conjunction with the exhibition, this online platform welcomes the public around the world to submit examples of “tactical urbanisms”—temporary, bottom-up interventions that aim to make cities more livable and participatory.

    In the scope of the exhibition, six interdisciplinary teams of researchers and practitioners were brought together to examine new architectural possibilities for six megacities: Hong Kong, Istanbul, Lagos, Mumbai, New York City, and Rio de Janeiro. Challenging assumed relationships between formal and informal, bottom-up and top-down urban development, the resulting design scenarios, developed over a 14-month initiative, consider how emergent forms of tactical urbanism can respond to alterations in the nature of public space, housing, mobility, the environment, and other major issues of near-future urbanization.

    Further information on Uneven Growth can be found on MoMA’s Inside/Out blog and on the post website.

  • President Erdoğan’s choices of energy civil servants for top court spark questions - POLITICS
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/president-erdogans-choices-of-energy-civil-servants-for-top-court

    Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has appointed nine new members with backgrounds in various fields, mainly from energy, to the Council of State, leading to concerns among environmentalists and chamber of professions that the court may no longer prioritize environmental aspects of energy projects.

    However, experts suggest that Erdoğan’s choices could pave the way for mining, thermal power plant and hydroelectric power plant (HES) projects because the new members include a number of experts who wrote reports objecting to appeals demanding that certain projects be halted.

    Hüseyin Yeşil, the head of the Chamber of Electrical Engineers, also drew attention to the fact that the new members had been elected from among those who asked at the time for a rejection of certain cases by the Council of State.

    “The appointment of these people, who have been in the energy bureaucracy, will have an impact on these cases,” Yeşil said, citing cases opened by the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB).

    “They will pave the way for all energy projects that they find appropriate. They are taking measures to ensure that the Council of State will not cancel projects. All of those new members in the past put their signatures on objections to appeals at the court,” he added.

    #Centrale_électrique #environnement #Turquie

  • Chamber of engineers and architects to be brought under ministry, draft bill says
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/chamber-of-engineers-and-architects-to-be-brought-under-ministry-

    Vers la suppression des derniers contre-pouvoirs locaux à l’hégémonie décisionnelle de l’AKP ?

    The government is working on a draft bill that will end the autonomy of Turkey’s chambers of engineers and architects, which have become well-known for opening lawsuits against controversial construction projects across the country.

    All regulations prepared by the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) will not enter into force before advice and approval is received from the Environment and Urbanization Ministry, according to the bill. The TMMOB will also lose its public institutional structure and will no longer have the authority to file lawsuits against construction projects.

    The ministry attempted to prepare the bill two years ago but it was canceled after harsh reactions against the moves. The new regulations on the structure of the TMMOB are included in the Construction Draft bill.

    According to the bill, the TMMOB will be obliged to submit any new regulations to the ministry within six months, and the ministry will have the authority to extend this period for six further months at most. The changes that are not approved by the ministry within this period will automatically become invalid

    #AKP #Chambre_professionnelle #Démocratie_locale

  • Des ZAD, mais pour quoi faire ?
    http://www.lemonde.fr/m-actu/article/2014/12/14/des-zad-mais-pour-quoi-faire_4540277_4497186.html

    Que revendiquent les uns et les autres ?

    Ce ne sont pas seulement des revendications environnementales. Les mobilisations se jouent aussi autour de revendications liées à la démocratie. Il y a notamment un enjeu autour de l’idée d’une égalité absolue : tout le monde, et non les seuls élus, doit pouvoir participer aux décisions et est fondé à les remettre en cause.

    Dans les ZAD, on voit aussi apparaître de nouveaux acteurs et de nouvelles revendications : comme, par exemple, les naturalistes en lutte, des personnes qui se mobilisent pour recenser les espèces animales ou végétales menacées par ces projets. Que ce soit de la permaculture, de l’agro-écologie ou des formes d’habitat alternatives, l’expérimentation occupe une place centrale dans les ZAD : il s’agit de préfigurer d’autres modes de vie, durables, décarbonés. Les zadistes veulent préfigurer une société qui fonctionne sur d’autres bases que la prédation des ressources naturelles. Ce ne sont donc pas uniquement des occupations défensives.

    Qu’est-il alors en train de se jouer avec ces mobilisations ?

    On peut émettre deux hypothèses. La première – formulée notamment par le Comité invisible – est que dans la période actuelle, l’enjeu des luttes est devenu le territoire. Dans le cas présent : comment se construisent les politiques d’aménagement du territoire ? Comment intègre-t-on des données nouvelles, qui doivent conduire à réviser des décisions d’aménagement prises il y a dix, vingt, voire cinquante ans [comme dans le cas de Notre-Dame-des-Landes] ?

    La seconde est que, de Notre-Dame-des-Landes à Sivens, ce qui se joue désormais, ce sont des résistances à l’« extractivisme » – les activités d’extraction de grands volumes de ressources naturelles, qu’elles soient agraires, pétrolières ou forestières. Le front de l’extractivisme était jusqu’à présent principalement situé dans les pays du Sud. Il se déplace désormais vers les pays du Nord, qu’il s’agisse des sables bitumineux de l’Alberta, des gaz de schistes, de la promotion du tourisme de masse [par la construction d’aéroports ou de parcs de loisirs], ou encore du soutien aux projets d’agriculture industrielle [à Sivens comme avec la ferme des Mille Vaches]. Ce qui se joue dans les ZAD est donc double : la résistance à l’extractivisme et l’invention ou la préfiguration d’autres modes de vie, d’un futur décarboné.

    S’agit-il d’un mouvement unifié ou d’une constellation de mobilisations, de campagnes et de collectifs hétéroclites ?

    Il est encore trop tôt pour en juger. On peut toutefois identifier quelques changements par rapport à la manière dont s’est construit le cycle précédent. Il y a dix ou quinze ans, les mobilisations altermondialistes étaient très largement transnationales, autour de sommets et de contre-sommets internationaux, par exemple. Les luttes dont nous parlons sont beaucoup plus ancrées dans un territoire. Elles sont locales, sans toutefois que leurs acteurs renoncent à la solidarité et à l’échange entre enjeux, entre occupations, etc. Ce qui se joue c’est donc peut-être une nouvelle forme de construction des solidarités, qui ne seraient plus « transnationales », mais « translocales ».

    #ZAD

  • Agricultural Turkey rapidly becoming importer of farm goods | Mustafa Sönmez
    http://mustafasonmez.net/?p=4750

    Inflation is continuing to be a major issue for Turkey; consumer inflation at the end of 2014 will be between the 9 and 10 percent band. The biggest headache in inflation is food inflation, with steep hikes in food prices being the biggest complaint of the low and middle income classes, which constitute the predominant segment of the population. The reason for this is that kitchen expenditures constitute 35-40 percent of the total budget of this segment.

    Also with the onset of a drought this year, the prices of certain vegetables and fruits have become non-affordable. It is an accepted opinion that agriculture is being neglected and adequate support is not being provided for agriculture from the general budget. As a result, Turkey, which used to boast that it was self-sufficient, is rapidly becoming a food-agriculture importer. It is experiencing “food supply insecurity,” alongside energy insecurity

    #Inflation #Politique_agricole # Turquie

  • Erdogan muselle les journalistes de l’opposition
    http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2014/12/14/erdogan-muselle-les-journalistes-de-l-opposition_1163418

    C’est un véritable tournant dans la guerre implacable que mène depuis un an le président turc islamo-conservateur Recep Tayyip Erdogan contre la confrérie islamiste du prédicateur septuagénaire Fetullah Gulen, réfugié en Pennsylvanie depuis 1998, qui fut longtemps son principal allié avant de devenir son adversaire le plus déterminé.

    L’opération qui s’est déroulée ce dimanche à l’aube simultanément dans 14 villes turques, mobilisant quelque 8000 policiers, a mené à l’interpellation d’une trentaine de personnes. Parmi elles, Ekrem Dumanli, rédacteur en chef de Zaman, premier quotidien du pays et fleuron de l’empire médiatique des « gulenistes », ainsi qu’Hidayet Karaca, directeur de Samanyolu, la principale télévision de la confrérie. Ils sont notamment accusés « d’avoir formé un groupe pour tenter de s’emparer de la souveraineté de l’Etat ».

    #Erdogan #Gülen #Liberté_presse

  • ECHR : Turkey Discriminated Cemevis
    http://bianet.org/english/world/160434-echr-turkey-discriminated-cemevis

    Le refus acquittement des factures d’électricité des lieux de culte alévis par l’Autorité des Affaires Religieuses en Turquie : quand l’énergie se transforme en levier de violence symbolique

    “Cemevis are not places of worship”

    In August 2006, submitting that the Foundation was a place of worship for the Alevi community, its director requested exemption from paying electricity bills, since the legislation provides that the 4 electricity bills for places of worship are paid from a fund administered by the Directorate of Religious Affairs (DAR).

    The courts dismissed the Foundation’s claims, basing their decision on the DAR’s opinion that the cemevis are not places of worship but places of assembly in which spiritual ceremonies are held. The total amount of the Yenibosna Centre’s bills comes to 668,012.13 Turkish lira (TRY), or EUR 289,182, under the exchange rate at the relevant time.

    #Electricité #Alévisme #Turquie #Court_européenne

  • TOKİ an increasing source of urban discontent, says World Bank
    http://www.todayszaman.com/business_toki-an-increasing-source-of-urban-discontent-says-world-bank_

    Turkey’s rate of urbanization in recent decades has only been second to South Korea, and a major vehicle of this has been the Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKİ). This organization, however, has become an “increasing source of urban discontent,” World Bank Turkey Director Martin Raiser said on Wednesday at the release of a new World Bank report in İstanbul.

    #TOKI #Turquie

  • Esquisse n° 52 - L’Anatolie en Ville - Susam-Sokak
    http://www.susam-sokak.fr/2014/12/l-anatolie-en-ville.html

    Au cours des années 1990, la presse se livrait quelquefois à un petit jeu consistant à présenter, en première page, une photographie prise dans un environnement rural très pauvre : paysage de maigre végétation parcouru par une route défoncée ou un chemin de terre, où les personnages ont la vie dure ; groupe de femmes s’approvisionnant à la fontaine ; enfants faisant à pied un trajet interminable pour se rendre à l’école. La photo était accompagnée d’une question : « Où est donc ce village ? ».

    La réponse venait en page intérieure : ce village est Istanbul. « Le sud-est est à Istanbul », affirmait un titre de Zaman en octobre 1997. Sur l’une des photos de l’article, une femme en fichu et en tenue de paysanne fait la lessive dans des bassines en plastique, sur un fourneau de plein air ; sa maison est un simple cube d’agglos, recouvert de tôles ondulées ; à côté, une cabane rudimentaire faite de bâches de nylon tendues sur des planches, un abri pour le bois, et deux barils pour l’eau. Sur une autre photo, des gamines transportent des sacs, sur fond de petits immeubles en construction, dans un paysage sans végétation, sans urbanisme ni voirie. C’est l’autre visage d’Istanbul : « Nous n’attendions pas grand chose de notre vie ici. Ou bien nous mourions à cause de la guerre (terör), ou bien nous partions. Le soir, nos enfants tremblent de froid. L’hiver, nous ne trouvons rien pour nous chauffer, sauf du papier ou de petits bouts de bois que les enfants rapportent en rentrant de l’école. »

    #Istanbul #Urbanisation #Gecekondus #Pauvreté #Services_urbains

  • (Un)-building the Metropolis: Istanbul at the Age of “Urban Transformation” : Noria Research
    http://www.noria-research.com/2014/12/04/un-building-the-metropolis-istanbul-in-the-age-of-%E2%80%9Curban-tra

    Très belles photos de Fikirtepe et Basaksehir

    The two contributions presented here shed light on the ongoing urban mutation of the Bosphorus megalopolis. They present two facets of the so-called “urban transformation” policy (“kentsel dönüşüm” in Turkish) at work in Istanbul. The policy is of considerable significance and has thus increasingly attracted the attention of the social sciences[1] that for too long over-focused on Sulukule[2]. Launched more than a decade ago by the Turkish authorities, the “kentsel dönüşüm” gained momentum after the 2012 Anti-seismic Law that aims to “replace” hundreds of thousands of residential buildings in order to meet with earthquake resistance regulations. This “urban transformation” plays a major role in creating new urban polarities through the renewal of the housing stock and above all the increase in land values. The two photographic perspectives presented here are critically complementary. The first series of pictures, in Fikirtepe, crudely unveils destruction at the hands of the policy. Meanwhile the second one, in Başakşehir, quietly observes the new urban model that emerges from this metamorphosis orchestrated by the elite.

    #transformation_urbaine #Istanbul